Download Pengantar.Keprib 2 - Psikologi Kepribadian II

Dra. Amanah Anwar, Psi., MSi.
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Tujuan
 Mampu memahami berbagai pendekatan teori
kepribadian, khususnya behavioristik & humanistik.
 Mampu mengemukakan aplikasi teori dalam
kehidupan sehari-hari.
 Mampu menganalisis kepribadian individu.
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Sub Pokok Bahasan
1.Pengantar (Behavioristik & Humanistik)
1.Humanistic Trait and Self Theory
2.Classical Conditioning (Pavlov, Watson)
(Allport)
3.Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
2.Trait Theory (Eysenck, Cattel, McCrae &
Costa’s)
4.Stimulus Response Theory (Hull,
Dollard, Miller)
3.Person-Centered Theory (Carl Roger)
5.Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura,
4.Humanistic Self-Actualization Theory
Mischel & Rotter’s)
(Maslow)
6.Field Theory (Lewin)
5.Existensial Theory (Rollo May)
7.Personal Construct Theory (Kelly)
6.Existensial Theory (Victor Frankl)
7.Konsep Hidup Sehat
.
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Bahan Bacaan
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Jess Feist & Gregory J. Feist. (2006). Theories of Personality. New
York: McGraw-Hill Co, Inc.
Lawrence A. Pervin & Oliver P.John. (2001). Personality Theory and
Research. 8th ed. New York: John Willey & Sons, Inc.
Christopher F. Monte & Robert N. Sollod. (2003). Beneath The Mask,
An Introduction to Theories of Personality. 7th ed. Florida:
Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
Susan Cloninger. (2004). Theories of personality, Understanding
persons. 4th ed. New Jersey: Pearson prentice Hall.
Carl Ransom Rogers. (1987). Antara Engkau dan Aku. Terj. oleh Agus
Cremers. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.
Victor Frankl. (2003). Logoterapi, terapi Psikologi melalui Pemaknaan
Eksistensi. Terj.oleh M.Murtadio. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.
Suryabrata, S. 1988. Psikologi Kepribadian. Jakarta: Rajawali, Press.
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Penilaian
 Kehadiran: 10%
 Tugas: 20%
 UTS: 30%
 UAS: 40%
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Mengapa Belajar Psi Kepribadian
Kita sering bertanya-tanya tentang:
 Bagaimana dan mengapa setiap individu berbeda
dan mengapa mereka berperilaku spt itu?
 Mengapa beberapa bergejolak emosinya
sementara lainnya tidak?
 Mengapa cara mereka spt itu? Mengapa cara
saya spt ini?
 Mengapa beberapa berhasil dan lainnya tidak?
 Apa, Bagaimana dan Mengapa..??
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The Field of Personality
 Individual differences: mencoba memahami individu
sebagai dirinya yg asli, alami, dan berbeda dari yg
lain.
 Total person: mencoba memahami bagaimana
aspek-aspek yg berbeda dari fungsi individu saling
berkaitan secara rumit, membentuk keseluruhan yg
terintegrasi.
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Types of Personality Theory
(Monte, 1995)
Teori
 Psychoanalytic
Active-agent / passive object orientation
& Definition of Personality
 Largely passive-object orientation:
“Reality makes much of us”
 Characteristic ways of resolving
unconscious conflicts of sexual and
aggressive drives with learned
ethical values; or conflicts of
impulses toward self-fulfillment with
impulses toward self-fragmentation.
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Types . . .
Teori
 Radical Behavioris
Active-agent / passive object orientation
& Definition of Personality
 Largely a passive-object orientation:
“The environment shapes our
repertoire of behaviors”-(persediaan)
 Personality is a fiction. All behavior is
learned and very much controlled by
the situation.
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Types . . .
Teori
Cognitive
Behavioristic
(social
learning)
Active-agent / passive object orientation
& Definition of Personality
 Interactional viewpoint, with person
(mbangun) constructing reality by
anticipating it, and reality constructing the
person by meting out consequences
 Acquired observable response repertoire
that may have “private” (cognitive)
components, such as need to be masterful.
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Types . . .
Teori
Active-agent / passive object orientation
& Definition of Personality
 Existential-
 Completely active-agent orientation: “We
Humanistic
construct our reality”
 Characteristic and habitual ways of
actualizing the needs and values of the
true self in the face of life’s constant
stresses, despite (walaupun) the
realization that one must eventually face
death.
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Theory of Personality
(Pervin, 2001)
Structure:
the basic units or building
blocks of personality
Change:
how people change and
why they sometimes resist
change or unable to change
Complete
Theory of personality
Psychopathology:
the nature and causes of
disordered personality
functioning
Process:
the dynamic aspects
of personality,
including motives
Growth & Development:
how we develop into the
unique person each of us is
Theory of . . .
Dapat membantu memahami individu yg unik, mencakup:
 Efektifitas fungsi keseluruhan individu.
 Mengetahui disfungsi yang terjadi.
 Merumuskan tujuan spesifik bagi intervensi.
 Identifikasi potensi individu & kemampuan yang positif.
 Teori Kepribadian
 Mampu menjawab pertanyaan ‘apa’, ‘bagaimana’,
dan ‘mengapa’ tentang tingkah laku manusia.
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Data of Personality Psychology
 Ada 4 jenis data yg biasa digunakan dalam
penelitian psikologi kepribadian 
 LOTS data about people:
 L-data: Life-record data
 O-data: Observer data
 T-data: Test data
 S-data: Self-report data
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Goals of Research:
Dalam penelitian, kita mencari pengamatan yang benar
dan dapat dipercaya. Harus mempertimbangkan:
 Reliability:
 Pengamatan (pengukuran) yg stabil, dapat
diandalkan, dapat diulangi dg hasil relatif sama.
 Validity:
 Pengamatan (pengukuran) merefleksikan fenomena
atau variabel yg diukur.
 The ethics of research and public policy
 Memperhatikan isu-isu etis dalam pelaksanaan
penelitian dan laporan hasil penelitian.
 Memperhatikan kode etik psikologi.
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Approach to Personality Research
 Case studies and clinical research
 Penelitian intensif dan mendalam tentang individu.
 Laboratory studies and experimental research
 Penelitian dilakukan dg menciptakan kondisi tertentu,
mengontrol dan melihat efek suatu variabel terhadap
variabel lainnya.
 Personality questionnaires and correlational research
 Penelitian yg dilakukan jika tidak memungkinkan
menggunakan pendekatan intensif dan eksperimen
laboratorium.
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