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Arsitektur Aplikasi
Perangkat Enterprise #5
Antonius Rachmat C, S.Kom, M.Cs
Enterprise Demand
Company A
Mobile
Employees
Consumers, Partners
Company B
Mobile
Employees
Consumers, Partners
Customers
Partners
Suppliers
Enterprise Application Inside
Application Platforms Today
Browser
Apps
GUI
Services
Web Services
Apps
Transaction
Services
Local
Apps
Web
Scripting
Data
Access
Standard Library
Runtime Environment
Operating System
Other
Apps
More
What is Microsoft .Net?
.NET is microsoft technolgy and platform
for developing and integrating services in
the digital world
To unify Desktop, Web, and Mobile programming
Diperkenalkan oleh Microsoft sejak Feb
2002
.NET FRAMEWORK
Bersifat independen dalam hal bahasa
Aplikasi dapat dikembangkan di beberapa bahasa yang
didukung oleh .NET:
C#
Managed Extensions for C++
Java - Visual J# .NET
JavaScript - JScript .NET
Perl
Pascal, Delphi
PHP
Smalltalk
Programmer dapat memilih salah satu bahasa yang
paling dikuasainya.
Mampu dijalankan beberapa platform (tidak
semua)
Keuntungan .NET
.NET Blueprint
Sales Data Service
Corporate Fullfilment Service
Visual
Studio.NET
Applications
Using Your
Service
Smart Clients
.NET FW
Windows
Smart
Devices
.NET FW
Simple
Browsers
Your Internal Services
Your
application
and web
service
.NET
Framework
Windows
CE, XP, 2000, .NET
Open Internet Protocols
XML, XSLT, XSD, SOAP,
DISCO, UDDI, XHTML,
HTTP, SSL, WAP
.NET Enterprise Servers
SQL Server
BizTalk Server
Application Center
Commerce Server
Host Integration Server
Internet Security and Acceleration
Exchange Server
.NET FW
Windows
Building Block Services
Passport – Identity Service
Calendaring Service
…
[myServices]
3rd Party Web Services
Geographic Mapping Service
Credit Card Statement Service
…
[ActiveX Paradigm]
.NET Framework in General
.NET Framework 4.0
.NET Framework class
System.Web
Services
Description
UI
HtmlControls
Discovery
WebControls
System.WinForms
Design
ComponentModel
System.Drawing
Protocols
Caching
Security
Drawing2D
Printing
Configuration
SessionState
Imaging
Text
System.Data
ADO.NET
Design
System.Xml
SqlClient
OleDB, odbc, Oracle
XmlDocument
Serialization
Xslt/XPath
Reader/Writers
System
Collections
IO
Configuration
Runtime
InteropServices
Security
Net
ServiceProcess
Text
Reflection
Diagnostics
Remoting
Globalization
Resources
Threading
Serialization
.NET Compact Framework class
System.Web
Services
Description
UI
HtmlControls
Discovery
WebControls
System.WinForms
Design
ComponentModel
System.Drawing
Protocols
Caching
Security
Drawing2D
Printing
Configuration
SessionState
Imaging
Text
System.Data
System.Xml
ADO.NET
SqlClient
XmlDocument
Serialization
Design
SqlServerCe
Xslt/XPath
Reader/Writers
System
Collections
IO
Configuration
Runtime
InteropServices
Security
Net
ServiceProcess
Text
Reflection
Diagnostics
Remoting
Globalization
Resources
Threading
Serialization
Common Language Runtime
Bagian utama dari framework yang akan
mengkompilasi dan mengeksekusi program yang
ditulis dengan bahasa yang mendukung .NET
Compilation process
Pertama program di compile menjadi Microsoft Intermediate
Language (MSIL) / Common Intermediate Language (CIL)
Mendefinisikan instruksi untuk CLR
Kemudian MSIL code diterjemahkan kedalam machine code
Machine code untuk platform yang khusus
Mengapa dua proses kompilasi ?
Agar platformnya bersifat independence
.NET Framework dapat diinstal di platform berbeda
Mengeksekusi program .NET tanpa modifikasi kode-nya
Language independence
.NET program tidak terikat dengan bahasa tertentu
Komponen yang lama dan baru dapat terintegrasi
MSIL
HelloWorld:
.assembly hello {}
.assembly extern mscorlib {}
.method static public void main()
il managed
{
.entrypoint
.maxstack 1
ldstr "Hello World from IL!"
call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(class
System.String)
ret
}
Common Language Runtime
Keuntungan lain dari CLR
Execution-management features
Manages memory
Programmer lebih berkonsentrasi pada program logic
CLR menyediakan JIT compilation.
JIT hanya akan mengkompilasi method-method
yang memang digunakan dalam suatu bagian
aplikasi pada saat tertentu, dan hasil kompilasi
ini sendiri di cache di dalam mesin dan akan
dikompile kembali jika memang ada perubahan
pada kode aplikasi kita.
Jadi tidak semua method diload ke-memori pada saat
yang sama
CLR disimpan pada file: mscoree.dll
C:\windows\System32
Common Language Runtime
Base Class Library Support
Thread Support
COM Marshaler
Type Checker
Exception Manager
Security Engine
Debug Engine
IL to Native
Compilers
Code
Manager
Class Loader
Garbage
Collector
CLR Execution Model
VB
Native
Code
C#
Install time
Code Gen
Script
...
Assembly:
MSIL + Metadata
Development
Deployment
Common
Language
Runtime
JIT
Code Gen
Native
Code
Compiling & Executing Managed
Code
Compilation
Source
Code
Language
Compiler
Microsoft
Intermediate
Language
(MSIL)
The first time each
method is called
Native
Code
JIT
Compiler
Execution
Data Types in the CLR
The CLR mendefinisikan Common Type System
(CTS)
All languages built on the CLR use the CTS (managed
code)
Ada 2 kategori:
Value types:
Relatively simple types
Allocated on the stack
Reference types:
More complex types
Allocated on the heap
Destroyed through garbage collection
Illustrating the Common Type System
Object
Class
Interface
ValueType
Byte
Int16
UInt16
Single
Char
Int32
UInt32
Double
String
Int64
UInt64
Delegate
Decimal
Structure
Others
Boolean
Others
Array
Reference Types
Value Types
Enum
CTS Data Type
.NET Class Library
Sering disebut sebagai Base Class Library.
Class library bersifat berorientasi objek yang
akan menyediakan types dan fungsi-fungsi
managed code.
Dengan BCL kita dapat membuat:
Aplikasi
Aplikasi
Aplikasi
Aplikasi
Aplikasi
console
berbasis windowd (Windows Form)
ASP.NET (berbasis web)
Web Services XML
berbasis Windows Services
.NET Class Library (2)
Tampilan ILDASM – assembly view
.NET assembly
Private assemblies are required to be located in
application’s directory or subdirectory
The disadvantage is that each time a copy of the
Assembly is created which in turn occupies more
memory and reduces the performance
Output: .dll
Must be imported
Shared assemblies
installing an assembly:
gacutil.exe –i MyAssembly.dll
Two or more assemblies of the same name can coexist
in the GAC (must have different versions)
the end of "DLL hell"
Adding external assembly to ur
application (on C#)
Obfuscation
Entity renaming
changing names of namespaces, classes, methods,
properties, fields, enumerations
Control flow obfuscation
modifying the original code (e.g. transforming if or while
statements by using goto statement)
Removal of unused members
String encryption
Breaking IL Disassembler
injecting code into the obfuscated assembly that is
designed to break IL Disassembler so that it won’t open
the assembly at all
Compiling into native code
Hasil Obfuscation
C++ .NET
C++ with Managed Extensions can be used to
create .NET applications
Managed C++ provides:
Garbage collection support
Built-in support for interfaces, properties, and events
Access to all other CLR features
C++ can still create native binaries if desired
All other Visual Studio.NET languages produce only MSIL
Database Access in .NET
In .NET there is ADO.NET
“connectionless”
Client
DataSet
Data Adapter
Command
DataSetCommand
Connection
Data Source
DataReader
Managed Provider
ASP.NET
(Server-Side Scripting)
ASP.NET Architecture:
(1) get a.apx
Client
(4) HTTP file
IIS Web
Server
(2) process
(3) result
.NET
Assembly
Other
Assemblies
.NET
Engine
Database
.NET framework
.NET Framework 1.1 was included in Windows
Server 2003 and was an optional component of
Windows XP Service Pack 1 Redistributable
packages (dotnetfx.exe)
.NET Framework 1.1
23.1 MB
Windows 98/Me/NT/2000/XP/2003, IE 5.01
.NET Framework 2.0
22.4 MB
Windows 98/Me/NT/2000/XP SP2/2003, IE 5.01
Windows Installer 3.0
disk space: 280 MB (x86), 610 MB (x64)
.NET 3.5 -> 197 MB
MONO
Mono project (http://www.mono-project.com)
support for .NET client and server applications on Linux,
Solaris, Mac OS X, Windows and Unix
sponsored by Novell
LGPL (Lesser General Public Licence)
supported systems: GNU/Linux, NetBSD, FreeBSD,
120,000 lines of C code and 600,000 lines of C# code.
Cygwin/Mingw32, Mac OS X, Solaris, AIX
GPL (General Public Licence)
Official international standards:
ECMA-334: The C# Language Specification
ECMA-335: The Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)
Mono Architecture
ASP.NET
ADO.NET
Windows.Form
MySQL/Postgress
Evolution#
Mozilla
Novell iFolder
Apache Mono
Gtk#
Novell LDAP
Gnome#
Java Compatibility
ZipLib
Microsoft Compatibility Libraries
Mono Libraries
Mono Runtime
(Implementation of ECMA #335)
Windows Phone 7 Architecture
Java 2 Platform
Dimulai tahun 1995 pada browser HotJava – Netscape
Platform diperkenalkan pada June, 1999
WORE – Write Once Run Everywhere
Java 2 Platform
J2SE Platform
Java system overview
Yang dibutuhkan?
J2RE untuk menjalankan Java.
J2RE akan berisi Java Virtual Machine.
J2SDK untuk mendevelop Java.
J2SDK akan berisi JVM dan SDK
J2ME untuk mendevelop aplikasi Mobile
J2EE untuk mendevelop aplikasi Enterprise
J2EE berisi seluruh komponen Java 2 Platform
Proses Kompilasi
Pada kompilasi Java, terdapat 2 bagian penting
yaitu: Java Compiler dan Java Interpreter
Java compiler mengenerate bytecode
(sekumpulan instruksi yang me-ressemble kode
mesin, tetapi tidak spesifik pada prosesor) yang
bersifat “cross-platform intermediary,
halfway between source code and machine
language”.
Java interpreter akan meng-interpret Java
bytecode yang ada untuk eksekusi program.
Kekurangan dari bytecode terletak pada
kecepatan eksekusi, karena tidak bersifat native
Proses Kompilasi
Win32
Kode Java
Java bytecode
HP-UX
Intermediate
compilation
Runtime VM
Intepretation
Solaris
Mac
The Java Virtual Machine
An abstract computing machine that executes
bytecode programs
An instruction set and the meaning of those instructions
An algorithm to verify the class file
Interpreter
Simple, compact
Slow
Just-in-time compilation
Hanya mengkompilasi “bagian” yg dibutuhkan saja
A Bytecode Example
public class X {
public static void
main(String[] args) {
add(1, 2);
}
public static int
add(int a, int b) {
return a+b;
}
}
public static void
main(java.lang.String[]);
Code:
0:
iconst_1
1:
iconst_2
//Method add:(II)I
2:
invokestatic
#2; 5:
6:
return
public static int add(int,int);
Code:
0:
iload_0
1:
iload_1
2:
iadd
3:
ireturn
pop
Introduction to the JVM
JVM is a component of the Java system that
interprets and executes the instructions in our
class files.
Memory configuration by the JVM.
Introduction to the JVM (Cont’d)
Each instance of the JVM has one method area, one heap,
and one or more stacks - one for each thread
When JVM loads a class file, it puts its information in the
method area
As the program runs, all objects instantiated are stored in the
heap
The stack area is used to store activation records as a
program runs
Introduction to the JVM (Cont’d)
Content of Memory Blocks at runtime.
The Class Loader Subsystem
The class loader performs three main functions of
JVM, namely: loading, linking and initialization
The linking process consists of three sub-tasks,
verification, preparation, and resolution
Class loading process.
Tahap Compile & Execute
Loading means reading the class file for a type, parsing it
to get its information, and storing the information in the
method area.
Verification is the process of ensuring that binary
representation of a class is structurally correct
In preparation, the JVM allocates memory for the class
(i.e static) variables and sets them to default initial values.
Resolution is the process of replacing symbolic names for
types, fields and methods used by a loaded type with their
actual references.
Class initialization, This is the process of setting class
variables to their proper initial values - initial values desired
by the programmer.
J2EE
Stands for “Java 2, Enterprise Edition”
Superset of Java 2 Standard Edition (J2SE)
J2EE (1.4+) is an infrastructure specification for:
Components ("Beans")
Data Source Connectivity
XML and Messaging
Web Pages and Web Services
Class-class Java
Java Servlets (menggunakan Apache-Tomcat):
javax.servlet
JSP (menggunakan Apache-Tomcat):
javax.servlet.jsp
EJB (menggunakan JBoss): javax.ejb.*
JMS: javax.jms.*
JDBC (J2SDK): java.sql.*, javax.sql.*
JNDI (J2SDK): javax.naming.*
JTA / JTS: java.transaction.*
JavaMail (Java MailAPI): javax.mail.*
XML: javax.xml.*
JavaNet: java.net
J2EE Architecture
4 Aplikasi Java
Applications: program standalone di komputer,
dari aplikasi console sampai dengan GUI yang
kompleks yang menggunakan javax.swing
Applet: program Java yang dijalankan di web
browser dengan menggunakan HTML.
Servlet: program yang melakukan generating isi
webpage namun berjalan di java-enabled web
server yang kemudian akan dikirimkan hasilnya
ke client.
JSP / JSF: aplikasi web yang berjalan di sisi
server.
J2EE Server Technologies
Servlets
Server side Java code
Java Server Pages (JSP) dan Java Server Faces
Server side Java code
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB)
Java server components that encapsulate business logic
to be shared across the enterprise
Database Access in Java
Java provides JDBC to access relational
data
Application
Statement
Resultset
Prepared
Statement
Callable
Statement
Connection
Driver Manager
JDBC/
ODBC Bridge
ODBC Driver
ODBC
DB
Java Server Pages and Servlets
Java also allows for server-side scripting
JSPs are based on Servlets
(1) get a.jsp
Client
(5) HTTP file
Web
Server
(2) process
Other
Components
JSP
(3) gen. Servlet Servlet
Impl.
(4) result
Servlet
Database
JVM
Perbandingan J2EE dan .NET
Framework
A typical .NET Enterprise Solution
IIS on W2k Server
Browser
Windows
Client
ASP
.NET
.NET
managed
component
SQL
Server
A typical J2EE Enterprise Solution
Java App
Server
Servlet
EJB
JSP
Browser
Java
Client
DB
Server
The .NET Framework
Browser
Apps
Windows
Forms
Web Services
Apps
Enterprise
Services
ASP.NET
Local
Apps
Other
Apps
ADO.NET
More
.NET Framework Class Library
Common Language Runtime
Windows
The Java Environment
Browser
Apps
Swing
Web Services
Apps
Enterprise
JavaBeans
JavaServer
Pages
Local
Apps
JDBC
Standard Java Packages
Java Virtual Machine (VM)
Windows, Solaris, Linux, others
Other
Apps
More
RMI
Client
IIOP
Client
HTTP
Client
JMS
EJB Container
HTTP
Engine
.NET
App
SOAP
Client
HTTP
Client
RDBMS
EJB Container
IIS –
HTTP
Engine
JSP
Servlet
Servlet Container
J2EE Server
Component
Component
Component
CLR Host
Component
Component
Component
Comp. Services
CLR Host
ASMX
Controls
ASPX
ASP.NET
CLR Platform
Message
Queue
CORBA
Server
Other
Resource
RDBMS
Message
queue
Other
Server
Other
Resource
J2EE Solutions
vs Microsoft .Net Solutions
Both multi-tiered, similar computing
technologies
Both support “standards”
Both offer different tools & ways to
achieve the same goal.
Very difficult to compare and qualify the
comparison because each has its own
advantages & disadvantages.
Comparing the stacks
Enterprise solutions
…
…
Third party extensions
Extensions:
P&P blocks
Phoenix, Tiles, Java Faces
ASP.Net
JSP
Base Class Library
J2EE Class Library
CLR
Java runtime
Win32 / Linux
J2EE App Servers
Websphere, Weblogic, Tomcat, etc.
VB
MSMQ, COM+, IIS,
WMI, AD, ADAM,
Indexing, UDDI, etc.
JMS
Apache
Win32, Unix, Linux
BEA Weblogic
C++
JDBC
Java
C#
ADO.NET
Webshpere Studio
Servlets
Eclipse
Perl
Visual Studio.net / Mono
Python
Struts
CLR vs JVM
C#
VB
.Net
Managed Lots of other
C/C++
Languages
Java
MSIL
Byte Codes
CLR
CTS GC Security
Runtime Services
JRE (JVM)
GC Security
Runtime Services
Windows OS
Mac Win Unix Linux
Both are ‘middle layers’ between an intermediate
language & the underlying OS
JVM vs. CLR
JVM
CLR
Managed execution
environment
X
X
Garbage Collection
X
X
Metadata and
Bytecode
X
X
Platform-abstraction
class library
X
X
Runtime-level
security
X
X
Runs across
hardware platforms
X
?
Choosing between Java/J2EE and .Net
The ultimate choice usually depends not
on technical superiority, but on:
cultural/”religious”/political preferences
Customer preference
Vendor relations
Skill set of your developers
You are most likely to be developing in both
environments for the foreseeable future
Look out for “The third way”: Linux, Apache, MySQL,
PHP, …
NEXT
Database for Enterprise: JDBC, ADO.NET
dan LINQ