Download An Overview of Agriculture and Food Security Situation in Central Asia and Azerbaijan

An Overview of
Agriculture and Food Security
Situation in Central Asia and
Azerbaijan
Socio-Economic background
Demographics:
• Central Asian Region countries’ population (millions, WB, 2013):
Uzbekistan (30.2), Kazakhstan (17), Tajikistan (8.1), Kyrgyzstan
(5.7), Turkmenistan (5.2).
• Per capita GNIs (USD, WB, 2014): Uzbekistan (2,090), Kazakhstan
(11,670), Tajikistan (1,080), Kyrgyzstan (1,250), Turkmenistan (8,020).
• Role of agriculture in economies and contribution to GDPs: between
roughly 20-29% for Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and
Kyrgyzstan, about 6% for Kazakhstan.
• About 60-70% of population in rural areas, depending on agriculture
(subsistence and income).
• Remittances from labour migration (Russia etc.) and
contribute significantly to GDPs. In 2008, remittances
amounted to: (15-25% of remittances invested in agriculture
(livestock, crops, processing etc).
Uzbekistan
Tajikistan
Kyrgyzstan
over 4 billion USD
- over 2 billion
over 1 billion USD
• The national poverty incidence level at national poverty
lines (%, WB, 2009):
Uzbekistan
Kazakhstan
Tajikistan
Kyrgyzstan
Turkmenista
n
16
2.9
47.2
37%),
n/a
General trends of agricultural production and
marketing
• In livestock sector smallholder producers (households) are
responsible for over 90% of CA countries milk and meat
production
• Landholdings owned by smallholders are fragmented and
small, on average between 0.2-0.5 ha of arable land. It limits
effective use of agricultural land and possible solution may be
land consolidation.
• The Agricultural productivity dropped after the collapse of the
Soviet Union, remains low for crop and livestock production.
• Lack of access to quality inputs: seed, fertilizer, veterinary drugs
and medicine, chemicals etc.
• Lack of reliable extension services. The extension services became
almost extinct following the collapse of the Soviet Union.
• The share of processed products remain critically low (e.g. dairy
estimated upto 5-10%, meat: 2-3% of the total output). There is room
for value adding interventions to enable producers to capture the extra
profits.
• Marketing of agricultural produce remains an issue for all CA
countries due to several factors: (i) lack of infrastructure: storage
facilities, roads, access to market information system etc; (ii) lack of
food safety and quality standards (HACCP, ISO etc); (iii) lack of proper
packaging, labeling and branding strategy; (iv) government
regulations and policies hampering the imports and exports.
Endowments of CA countries
•
Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan
have ample water
resources used for
irrigation and generating
electricity (roughly 80% of
water resources originate
from two countries)
•
CA countries enjoy vast
bio-diversity resources,
including pastures, and
have untapped resources
for development of
fisheries, apiculture and
other sub-sectors
•
Availability of scientific and
research institutions and a
high potential for further
development
Challenges faced by CA countries
• Adaption to climate change by promoting climate adaptation and
mitigation practices (e.g. climate smart agriculture)
• Continuing de-forestation, land degradation and inefficient use of
water resources
Opportunities - Potential areas for cooperation
• FAO has comparative
advantage in technical
areas and can share the
vast knowledge and best
practices across the CA
countries
• FAO provides strategic planning, investment and coordination support
through development of CPFs and sectoral policy and strategy documents
(irrigation, NRM etc)
• FAO can provide comprehensive support on agriculture and rural
development focusing on poverty, smallholders, gender, climate change,
natural resources management, human rights based approach, knowledge
management/sharing and other areas
The State of Food Insecurity
in the World 2015
#sofi2015
What is SOFI?
•
•
•
•
Reviewing the progress made since 1990 in every country and region
Making hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition history
Post-2015: How much progress made towards achieving hunger targets
And reflects on what needs to be done
Why this SOFI?
Marks the end of the monitoring period for:
•
The World Food Summit goal, pledging to halve the number of undernourished
people between 1990 and 2015
•
The Millennium Development Goal 1 hunger target, pledging to halve the proportion
of undernourished people between 1990 and 2015
Progress
•
•
•
•
Progress continues in the fight against hunger, yet an unacceptably large number of
people still lack the food they need for an active and healthy life.
795 million undernourished people in the world in 2014–16
780 million in developing regions
Decline by 216 million since 1990–92 and by 167 million over the last 10 years (faster progress)
/faoturkiye
www.fao.org/europe
State of Food Insecurity
in the World 2015
#sofi2015
Most countries in the subregion achieved MDG
targets. More progress needed in Tajikistan)
/faoturkiye
www.fao.org/europe
State of Food Insecurity
in the World 2015
#sofi2015
Progress towards achievement of the MDGs and WFS hunger goal (%)
2015
/faoturkiye
www.fao.org/europe
State of Food Insecurity
in the World 2015
#sofi2015
Prevalence of undernourishment across the FAO SOFI regions and in
Caucasus and Central Asia
2015
/faoturkiye
www.fao.org/europe
State of Food Insecurity
in the World 2015
#sofi2015
Child malnutrition indicators, 1991/ 2000/ 2010
/faoturkiye
www.fao.org/europe
State of Food Insecurity
in the World 2015
#sofi2015
Key Messages
• Progress on reducing the incidence of food insecurity is variable,
some Central Asian countries still face challenges.
2015
•
Despite positive trends in food security, child malnutrition
continues to be a problem in the region – in both rich and poorer
countries. This can be seen in relatively high rates of stunting in the
Caucasus and Central Asian countries, and high levels of anemia in
children under 5 in several countries.
•
Overweight and obesity are an increasing nutrition, health and
budgetary issue in the region.
•
Countries across the region differ in their strategies for ensuring
food security and agricultural development.
/faoturkiye
www.fao.org/europe
State of Food Insecurity
in the World 2015
#sofi2015
Kazakhstan
2015
Uzbekistan
Azerbaijan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
/faoturkiye
www.fao.org/europe
State of Food Insecurity
in the World 2015
#sofi2015
To download the report:
http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/
Regional Overview:
http://bit.ly/1FV79mQ
/faoturkiye
www.fao.org/europe