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Population Genetics:
Selection and mutation as
mechanisms of evolution
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Population genetics: studi tentang
Genetika Mendel di tingkat populasi
Dalam Gen. Pop. Ada hukum Hardy
Weinberg equilibrium (keseimbangan
frekuensi gen HW)
Hardy-Weinberg
Equilibrium

Frekuensi gen dan frekuensi genotipe
akan stabil dari generasi ke generasi
tanpa adanya seleksi, mutasi, migrasi
dan genetic drift (penghanyutan
genetik), non random mating
Random mating (kawin acak)
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1. Tidak ada seleksi, migrasi, mutasi
2. Populasi besar
3. Frekwensi gen, genotipe tetap dari
generasi ke generasi
5.10
Dapatkah seleksi
mengubah frekuensi alel ?
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Contoh :
Dlm. Populasi terdpt. alleles B1 and B2
Frekuensi alel B1= 0.6 dan frekuensi
B2 = 0.4.
Bila terjadi kawin acak, maka frekeunsi
genotipe tetap 0.36 B1B1 0.48B1B2
0.16B2B2
Can selection change
allele frequencies?
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Asumsi terdapat 100 individual
36 B1B1 48 B1B2 16 B2B2
Seleksi dilakukan. Asumsi semua B1B1
survive, 75% dari B1B2 survive dan
50% dari B2B2 survive.
Can selection change allele
frequencies?
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Population now 80 individuals: 36 B1B1
36 B1B2 8 B2B2
Allele frequencies now:
B1 = (36 + ½ x 36)/80 = 0.675
B2 = (8 + ½ x 36)/80 = 0.325
Maka seleksi dapat mengubah
frekeunsi alel.
Example 2 :
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N = 1000 ekor
Jml belang hitam (Black = B) = 800
Jml. Belang merah (b) = 200 ekor
Warna belang merah diseleksi 50 %
(jadi survive 50 %)
Maka :
q1 = q 0 / (1 + S q 0 ) ; S = proporsi
seleksi (yang di culling)
Nama :

Syaifudin
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle cell anemia is a condition
common among West Africans (and
African Americans of West African
ancestry).
In sickle cell anemia red blood cells are
sickle shaped.
Usually fatal by about age 10.
About 1% of West Africans have sickle
cell anemia.
A single mutation that causes a valine
amino acid to replace a glutamine
in an alpha chain of the hemoglobin
molecule.
Mutation causes molecules to stick
together.
Mengapa orang-orang dengan sickle
cell anemia dapat bertahan ?
Only individuals homozygous for
sickle cell gene get sickle cell anemia.
Individuals with one copy of sickle cell gene
(heterozygotes) get sickle cell trait
(mild form of disease), but don’t get malaria.
Heterozygotes have higher survival than
either homozygote. Heterozygote
advantage.
Sickle cell homozygotes die of sickle
cell anemia.
“Normal” homozygotes more likely
to die of malaria.
Stabilizing selection for sickle cell allele.
Tiopik-topik
1. Penyebaran/ distribusi golongan darah
ABO pada populasi manusia di ……
2. Penyebaran sickle cell anemia di dunia
3. Pembentukan bangsa sapi Brahman (dari
aspek bertanduk/tak bertanduk)
4. Pembentukan bangsa sapi FH
5. Hilangnya gen belangmerah pada populasi
sapi perah di …..
6. Pewarisan gen penentu tipe jengger di
populasi ayam di …..
7. Gen ketahanan genetik gterhadap parasit
8. Penyakit genetik pada ternak
9. Penyakiut lethal pada ternak
10. Ketahanan genetik terhadap penhyakit