Download HIV/AIDS and Food Security: A long-term emergency

HIV/AIDS and Food Security:
a long term emergency
Marcela Villarreal
FAO
How does HIV/AIDS Impact Food
Security?
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Loss of agricultural labour
Impoverishment of households
Loss of knowledge (IK)
Macro economic impact: food imports
Loss of agricultural labour force 2000-2020
Uganda
Zimbabwe
Rwanda
Botswana
Malawi
Ethiopia
Percentage loss
of agriculture
labour force
Kenya
South Africa
Namibia
2020
2000
Mozambique
0.0
10
10.0
20
20.0
30.0
Impoverishment of households
• Sale of productive resources for care / funerals
– Ethiopia: Average treatment and mourning costs exceed
average annual farm incomes
– Kenya: 49-78% of household income lost when one
person dies from AIDS
• Shift to less labour-intensive crops
– Less cash crops
– Less nutritious crops
Sustainability of food production
undermined
• Transmission of knowledge between
generations (household and institutional)
undermined
• Decrease in range of crops leads to decrease
in plant diversity and genetic resources
• Social safety nets are undermined
– Irreversible collapse of the social asset base
Loss of skills and capacities
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Household level
Indigenous knowledge
Institutions
Governance and capacity to respond to
crises
Risk factors
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Migration
Undiversified sources of livelihoods
Gender based violence
Gender inequality
Food insecurity
Resilience
Macro economic implications
Average annual loss in GDP growth per capita
due to HIV/AIDS estimated at 0.7% in Africa
Ethiopia
Kenya
Uganda
0.6
1.3
0.8
World Bank, 2000
HIV/AIDS: Prevalence and Impact
Double Orphans
Deaths
Prevalence
Hypothetical Curves
HIV/AIDS: Responses
High Prevalence
Low Impact
Low Prevalence
High Impact
Low Prevalence
Low Impact
High Prevalence
High Impact
Responses
• Immediate vs long term
• Emergency interventions with a
development perspective
• Interventions that take into account the long
term
• Window of opportunity
Policy issues