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Palau ‐ Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Key Indicators • Palau has a decreasing trend in GDP per capita •Anaemia represents a moderate public health concern, afflicting one‐quarter to one‐fifth of pregnant women, non‐ pregnant women and children. Low Birth Weight was significant in 1998 (9%). Figure 1.1 Food Availability Figure 1.2 Undernourishment and Economic Growth From 1990 to 2012: • GDP decreased 12% Figure 1.4 Child Mortality From 1990 to 2012 • Under‐5 mortality decreased 39%, but will not achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target GDP per person, PPP (constant 2011 dollars) Undernourished in total population 34.0 28.4 Percent International $ 18000 1.2 22.0 20.8 1 16500 16375 0.8 Infant 13500 Neonatal 2015 11.0 2012 2005 2000 1995 0.4 1990 14411 2010 MDG Target 0.6 15000 Under fives Source: Inter‐agency Group for CME (2013) 0.2 No Data 2012 2010 2008 2006 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 1994 1992 1990 12000 0 Figure 1.5 Anaemia • Anaemia is a public health issue for pregnant women (27%), non‐pregnant women (21%) and under‐5 children alike (22%) Source: GDP: WDI 2014/ Undernourished: FAO FSI_2013 Total <2 yr Figure 1.3 Child Malnutrition Children <5 years 22 Non ‐ pregnant women of reproductive age 21 Pregnant women 27 0 20 40 60 80 Prevalence of Anaemia (%) 100 Source: WHO Worldwide prevalence of Anaemia (1993‐2005) Anthropometry (Table 1.1) No Data Underweight women (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) ‐ ‐ Overweight adults (BMI >= 25 kg/m2) ‐ ‐ 9 % 1998 Proportion of infants with low birth weight Source: WHO Global Database on BMI & DHS 2008 Palau ‐ Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Food Availability / Food Access Access to food Figure 2.2 Economic access to food General and food inflation Food Availability No Data Figure 2.1 Food supply by food group Food expenditure represented 16% of total expenditure in 2006 Figure 2.3 Share of food expenditure 100 80 Non food items Percent No Data 60 84 No Data 40 Food Item 20 16 0 % Total expenditure per person per day Source: 2006 Republic of Palau HIES Palau ‐ Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Food Utilization Water and Sanitation Figure 3.1 Access to Improved Sanitation From 1990 to 2012: • All households in Palau received improved sanitation in 2012, so that sanitation is no longer a key development issue Figure 3.2 Open Defecation Figure 3.3 Access to Improved Water Sources From 2000 to 2011: Access to improved water sources has slightly increased in 21 years, reaching 95% of the population 100 100 100 100 80 60 63 40 47 % Population No Data 86 72 60 40 20 20 8 Total Rural Urban Total Source: WHO‐UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme, 2014 Rural 2011 2008 2005 2002 1999 1996 1990 2011 2008 2005 2002 1999 1996 0 1993 1990 0 95 90 1993 % Population 80 97 98 Urban Source: WHO‐UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme, 2014 Food Safety Figure 3.4 Diarrhoea Management of Diarrhoea (Table 3.1) Zinc No Data Share of children under age 5 with diarrhoea receiving zinc treatment ‐ Existing policy framework Zinc Supplementation and Reformulated Oral Rehydration Salt in the Management of Diarrhea Source: Palau ‐ Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Food Utilization Nutrition and Health Figure 3.5 Exclusive Breastfeeding Figure 3.6 Complementary Feeding No Data No Data Figure 3.7 Duration of Breastfeeding No Data Figure 3.8 Child Malnutrition and Poverty Micronutrient Status Figure 3.9 Vitamin A •Vitamin A deficiencies in 9% of pre‐schoolers indicate that Vitamin A is present in the daily diet 100 Vitamin A Supplementation Coverage ‐ full – children 6‐59 months Percent 75 50 25 No Data 0 8.9 Vitamin A Deficiency (Pre‐School Aged Children) <0.7umoL /a * VAD is a severe public health problem if >20% of preschool children (6‐71 months) have low serum retinol (<0.7µmol/L) Source: a/ WHO Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in population at risk 1995‐2005 report. Iodine (Table 3.2) Households consuming iodized salt ‐ Iodine deficiency (Urinary Iodine Concentration <100ug/L) among school‐age children *Optimal UIE 100 ‐ 199ug/L Source: ‐ Palau ‐ Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Policy Table ‐ 1 Enabling environment for Nutrition and Food security ‐ Policy documents addressing nutrition issues Nutrition related issues covered in these policies Maternal and Child Undernutrition Child undernutrition Low Birth Weight Maternal undernutrition Child obesity Obesity and diet related Adult obesity NCDs Diet related NCDs Infant and Young Child Source: Nutrition Covered Comments Breastfeeding Complementary feeding Iron Folate children/women Zinc children Other vitamins & min child/women Food fortification Food Safety Food security Food Aid Nutrition and Infection Gender Maternal leave Int’l Code of Marketing of BMS Supplementation: Vitamin A children/women Vitamins and Minerals Underlying and contextual factors Social Protection policies or legislation including food or nutrition component Palau ‐ Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Policy Table ‐ 2 Demographic Indicators (Table ‐ 5.1) Year Economic Indicators (Table ‐ 5.3) Year 21 2012 GDP annual growth rate /c 5.25 % 2012 Average annual population growth /a 1.4 % 2012 14,411 2012 Proportion of population urbanised /a 85.1 % 2012 GDP per capita (PPP) (constant 2011 international dollars) /c Number of children <5 years (thousand) /a 2 2012 ‐ ‐ Education level of mothers of under‐fives: None (%) ‐ ‐ Gini index (100= complete inequality; 0= complete equality) ‐ ‐ 66 2005 Unemployment rate ‐ ‐ 72.1 2005 ‐ ‐ Agriculture population density(people/ ha of arable land /b) 1.6 2006‐2008 Population below US $ 1.25 (PPP) per day (%) Employment in agriculture sector (% of total employment) /c ‐ ‐ Poverty gap ratio ‐ ‐ Women employed in agriculture sector (% of total female employment) /c) ‐ ‐ Income share held by households Poorest 20% ‐ ‐ Richest 20% ‐ ‐ Population size (thousands) /a Male Life expectancy at birth (Years) /c Female Adolescents (Table ‐ 5.2) Adolescent birth rate (number of births per 1,000 adolescent girls aged 15‐19) /a Year 27 2008–2011 Adolescent girls aged 15‐19 currently married or in union ‐ ‐ Women aged 20‐24 who gave birth before age 18 (%) ‐ ‐ Sources: a/ / UNICEF, State of the World Children 2012 (data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified) ; b/ FAOSTAT 2014 Update; c/ World Bank, World Development Indicators Database, 2014 Update; The information inlcuded in this Food Security and Nutrition profile, is backed by recognized, validated and properlty published information available untill June 2014. Although updated information might be available at national level form different sources, until requirements of quality, validity and proper publication are met, it has not been inlcuded in this profile.