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Palau ‐ Food and Nutrition Security Profiles
Key Indicators
• Palau has a decreasing trend in GDP per capita •Anaemia represents a moderate public health concern, afflicting one‐quarter to one‐fifth of pregnant women, non‐
pregnant women and children. Low Birth Weight was significant in 1998 (9%).
Figure 1.1 Food Availability
Figure 1.2 Undernourishment and Economic Growth
From 1990 to 2012: • GDP decreased 12%
Figure 1.4 Child Mortality From 1990 to 2012
• Under‐5 mortality decreased 39%, but will not achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target GDP per person, PPP (constant 2011 dollars)
Undernourished in total population
34.0
28.4
Percent International $
18000
1.2
22.0
20.8
1
16500
16375
0.8
Infant
13500
Neonatal
2015
11.0
2012
2005
2000
1995
0.4
1990
14411
2010
MDG
Target
0.6
15000
Under fives
Source: Inter‐agency Group for CME (2013)
0.2
No Data
2012
2010
2008
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
12000
0
Figure 1.5 Anaemia • Anaemia is a public health issue for pregnant women (27%), non‐pregnant women (21%) and under‐5 children alike (22%)
Source: GDP: WDI 2014/ Undernourished: FAO FSI_2013
Total <2 yr
Figure 1.3 Child Malnutrition Children <5 years
22
Non ‐ pregnant women
of reproductive age
21
Pregnant women
27
0
20
40
60
80
Prevalence of Anaemia (%)
100
Source: WHO Worldwide prevalence of Anaemia (1993‐2005)
Anthropometry (Table 1.1)
No Data
Underweight women (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2)
‐
‐
Overweight adults (BMI >= 25 kg/m2)
‐
‐
9 %
1998
Proportion of infants with low birth weight
Source: WHO Global Database on BMI & DHS 2008
Palau ‐ Food and Nutrition Security Profiles
Food Availability / Food Access
Access to food
Figure 2.2 Economic access to food
General and food inflation
Food Availability
No Data
Figure 2.1 Food supply by food group Food expenditure represented 16% of total expenditure in 2006
Figure 2.3 Share of food expenditure
100
80
Non food items
Percent
No Data
60
84
No Data
40
Food Item
20
16
0
% Total expenditure per person
per day
Source: 2006 Republic of Palau HIES Palau ‐ Food and Nutrition Security Profiles
Food Utilization
Water and Sanitation
Figure 3.1 Access to Improved Sanitation
From 1990 to 2012:
• All households in Palau received improved sanitation in 2012, so that sanitation is no longer a key development issue
Figure 3.2 Open Defecation
Figure 3.3 Access to Improved Water Sources From 2000 to 2011:
Access to improved water sources has slightly increased in 21 years, reaching 95% of the population
100
100
100
100
80
60
63
40
47
% Population
No Data
86
72
60
40
20
20
8
Total
Rural
Urban
Total
Source: WHO‐UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme, 2014
Rural
2011
2008
2005
2002
1999
1996
1990
2011
2008
2005
2002
1999
1996
0
1993
1990
0
95
90
1993
% Population
80
97
98
Urban
Source: WHO‐UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme, 2014
Food Safety
Figure 3.4 Diarrhoea
Management of Diarrhoea (Table 3.1)
Zinc
No Data
Share of children under age 5 with diarrhoea receiving zinc treatment
‐
Existing policy framework
Zinc Supplementation and Reformulated Oral Rehydration Salt in the Management of Diarrhea
Source:
Palau ‐ Food and Nutrition Security Profiles
Food Utilization
Nutrition and Health
Figure 3.5 Exclusive Breastfeeding Figure 3.6 Complementary Feeding No Data
No Data
Figure 3.7 Duration of Breastfeeding
No Data
Figure 3.8 Child Malnutrition and Poverty Micronutrient Status
Figure 3.9 Vitamin A •Vitamin A deficiencies in 9% of pre‐schoolers indicate that Vitamin A is present in the daily diet
100
Vitamin A Supplementation Coverage ‐ full – children 6‐59 months Percent
75
50
25
No Data
0
8.9
Vitamin A Deficiency
(Pre‐School Aged Children)
<0.7umoL /a
* VAD is a severe public health problem if >20% of preschool children (6‐71 months) have low serum retinol (<0.7µmol/L)
Source: a/ WHO Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in population at risk 1995‐2005 report.
Iodine (Table 3.2)
Households consuming iodized salt ‐
Iodine deficiency (Urinary Iodine Concentration <100ug/L) among school‐age children *Optimal UIE 100 ‐ 199ug/L
Source: ‐
Palau ‐ Food and Nutrition Security Profiles
Policy Table ‐ 1
Enabling environment for Nutrition and Food security ‐ Policy documents addressing nutrition issues Nutrition related issues covered in these policies
Maternal and Child Undernutrition
Child undernutrition
Low Birth Weight
Maternal undernutrition
Child obesity
Obesity and diet related Adult obesity
NCDs
Diet related NCDs
Infant and Young Child Source: Nutrition
Covered
Comments
Breastfeeding
Complementary feeding
Iron Folate children/women
Zinc children
Other vitamins & min child/women
Food fortification
Food Safety
Food security
Food Aid
Nutrition and Infection
Gender
Maternal leave Int’l Code of Marketing of BMS
Supplementation:
Vitamin A children/women
Vitamins and Minerals
Underlying and contextual factors
Social Protection policies or legislation including food or nutrition component
Palau ‐ Food and Nutrition Security Profiles
Policy Table ‐ 2
Demographic Indicators (Table ‐ 5.1)
Year
Economic Indicators (Table ‐ 5.3)
Year
21
2012
GDP annual growth rate /c
5.25 %
2012
Average annual population growth /a
1.4 %
2012
14,411
2012
Proportion of population urbanised /a
85.1 %
2012
GDP per capita (PPP) (constant 2011 international dollars) /c
Number of children <5 years (thousand) /a
2
2012
‐
‐
Education level of mothers of under‐fives: None (%)
‐
‐
Gini index (100= complete inequality; 0= complete equality)
‐
‐
66
2005
Unemployment rate
‐
‐
72.1
2005
‐
‐
Agriculture population density(people/ ha of arable land /b)
1.6
2006‐2008
Population below US $ 1.25 (PPP) per day (%)
Employment in agriculture sector (% of total employment) /c
‐
‐
Poverty gap ratio ‐
‐
Women employed in agriculture sector (% of total female employment) /c)
‐
‐
Income share held by households Poorest 20%
‐
‐
Richest 20%
‐
‐
Population size (thousands) /a
Male
Life expectancy at birth (Years) /c
Female
Adolescents (Table ‐ 5.2)
Adolescent birth rate (number of births per 1,000 adolescent girls aged 15‐19) /a
Year
27
2008–2011
Adolescent girls aged 15‐19 currently married or in union
‐
‐
Women aged 20‐24 who gave birth before age 18 (%)
‐
‐
Sources:
a/ / UNICEF, State of the World Children 2012 (data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified) ;
b/ FAOSTAT 2014 Update; c/ World Bank, World Development Indicators Database, 2014 Update; The information inlcuded in this Food Security and Nutrition profile, is backed by recognized, validated and properlty published information available untill June 2014. Although updated information might be available at national level form different sources, until requirements of quality, validity and proper publication are met, it has not been inlcuded in this profile.