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Striving For Excellence National Product and Its Fluctuation 1 Striving For Excellence NATIONAL INCOME National Income Accounting and Determination NATIONAL INCOME APPROACH 1. Production Approach = value added approach. Y = P1Q1 + P2Q2 + ...+ PnQn. 2. Income Approach. Y = Yw + Yr + Yi + Yp) 3. Expenditure Approach. Y = C + I + G + (X-M) Warning: 1. Price 2. Underground Economy. 3. Intermediate Product (value Added System). 2 Striving For Excellence 1. 2. PN RIILPN YG DIHIT ATAS DASAR HARGA KONSTAN PN NOMINAL YG YG DIHIT ATAS DASAR HARGA BERLAKU/HARGA PASAR PDB riil t= (PDB nominalt/IH)t x 100 Menghit pertumb ekonomi: (PDB t – PDB t-1)/ PDB) x 100 UNDERGROUND ECONOMYDO IT YOUR SELF PRODUCTION, BARTER INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT (VALUE ADDED SYSTEM) YG DIHIT ADL NILAI DARI FINAL PRODUCT 3 Striving For Excellence 1. 2. 3. 4. PDB KONSTAN 2006-2010 PDB HARGA BERLAKU 2006-2010 IHK 2006-2010 MENCARI KONSEP2 PENDAPATAN NASIONAL DAN KETERKAITANNYA 1. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP} 2. GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP) 3. NET NATIONAL PRODUCT (NNP) 4. NATIONAL INCOME (NI) 5. PERSONAL INCOME (PI) 6. PERSONAL DISPOSABLE INCOME (DI) 4 Y P1* Q1 P 2 * Q 2 .... PnQn n PiQi i 1 OUTPUT 2009 2010 P Q JERUK 10 15 150 15 20 300 200 APEL 15 5 75 20 10 200 120 TOTAL PiQi 225 P Q 500 5 FAKTOR PRODUKSI: 1. FP TENAGA KERJAUPAH/GAJI (WAGE/w) 2. FP TANAHSEWA (RENT/r) 3. FP MODAL/KAPITALBUNGA/INTEREST/i 4. FP KEWIRAUSAHAANLABA/PROFIT () 6 4 SEKTOR DALAM PEREKONOMIAN: 1. SEKTOR RUMAH TANGGA (HOUSEHOLD SECTOR)PENGELUARAN KONSUMSI (C). 2. SEKTOR BISNIS/SWASTA (BUSINESS SECTOR) PENGELUARAN INVESTASI (I). 3. SEKTOR PEMERINTAH (GOVERNMENT SECTOR)PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH (G) 4. SEKTOR LUAR NEGERI (FOREIGN SECTOR)NET EXPORT (X-M) 7 Striving For Excellence NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION 1. Aggregate 2. Decision makerssectors. -Household Sector. -Business Sector. -Government Sector. -Foreign Sector. 3. Every dollar spent by someone becomes revenue to anothers. 4. The flow of Monetary spending. 8 Striving For Excellence GNP EKSPANSI UPPER TURNING POINTKRIS ISRESESI/ DEPRESIL OWER TURNING POINTREC OVERY/REVI VAL 9 NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION Agreggate Expenditure -Household SectorCONSUMPTION (C) -Business SectorINVESMENT (I) -Government SectorGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE FOR GOODS AND SERVICES (G) -Foreign SectorNET EXPORT (X-M) 10 NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION CONSUMPTION (C) C = f (Y) C = Co + cY Y = Pendapatan C = Tingkat Konsumsi Co = Autonomos Consumption c = Kecenderungan konsumsi (mpc = marginal propensity to consume)mpc= C/Y menunjukkan seberapa besar kenaikan konsumsi akibat kenaikan pendapatan sebesar 1 unitterletak antara 0-1. 11 NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION C C = Co + cY C Co Y Y 12 NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION CONSUMPTION AND SAVING Y=C+S S=Y–C S = Y – (Co – cY) S = Y – Co – cY S = -Co + (1- c)Y S = -Co + sY. 13 NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION CONSUMPTION AND SAVING Y = Pendapatan S = Tingkat Tabungan -Co = So = Autonomos Saving 1-c = s = Kecenderungan menabung (mps = marginal propensity to save)mpc= S/Y menunjukkan seberapa besar kenaikan tabungan akibat kenaikan pendapatan sebesar 1 unitterletak antara 0-1. MPC + MPS = 1 14 C = 50 + 0.75Y I = 50 Y KESEIMBANGAN? POSISI KESEIMBANGANY = AE (AGGREGATE EXPENDITURE) Y=C+I Y = 50 + 0.75Y + 50 Y – 0.75Y = 50 + 50 (1- 0.75)Y = 100 0.25Y=100 Y= 400 15 C = 50 + 0.75Y I = 50 Y KESEIMBANGAN? POSISI KESEIMBANGANY = AE (AGGREGATE EXPENDITURE) Y=C+I Y = 50 + 0.75Y + 50 Y – 0.75Y = 50 + 50 (1- 0.75)Y = 100 0.25Y=100 Y= 400 16 PEND SUNTIKAN DAN BOCORAN Y = C +I Y= C + S C+I = C+SI=S C = 50 + 0.75YS=-50+0.25Y I=S 50 = -50+0.25Y 0.25Y=100 Y= 100/0.25=400 17 C = 50 + 0.75Y I = 50 G = 100 Tx=50+0.2Y Tr=20 dG=50 (tidak dibiayai dg pajak) dG=50 (yg dibiayai dg pajak lumpsum) 18 DUA SEKTOR Y=C+I TIGA SEKTOR Y=C+I+G EMPAT SEKTOR Y = C + I + G + (X – M) 19 CAMPUR TANGAN PEM 1. PAJAK LUMPSUM:BESARNYA DITENTUKAN, MIS :50 PROPORSIONAL: PEM MENENTUKAN TARIF PAJAK •PJK PROGRESIF: TARIF NAIK SERING DG KENAIKAN PEND •PJK REGRESIF:TARIF PAJAK MENURUN SEIRINMG KENAIKAN PEND. •PJK PROPORSIONAL: TARIF PAJAK SAMA UTK SEMUA TK PEND. 2. TRANSFER PAYMENT (Tr)PENGALIHAN DAYA BELI DR PEM KPD MASY, CONTOH: BLT, 20 BEASISWA