Download Biodiversity for the livestock sector: Status, trends, drivers, gaps and opportunities

Biodiversity for the livestock
sector
Status, trends, drivers, gaps and
opportunities
CGRFA Special Information Seminar
Biodiversity for food and agriculture: take stock for the future
Rome, 13 April 2013
Different systems and functions
Ca 40% of agricultural GDP
1980-2010:
• 4% production growth p.a.
• 7% production value growth p.a.
Livelihoods of 70% of rural poor
Livestock biodiversity
• <40
domesticated
species
• Hardly any wild
relatives
• 5 species of
major global
commercial
importance
Total breeds
6000
5000
814
4000
3000
4583
239
2000
1998
1000
0
Mammalian
local
Avian
transboundary
Ecosystem services
At species level usually
Livestock – biological basics
High on food chain
• use ca 1/3 of global land area
– 3.4 bn ha for grazing + 470 mill ha for feed
• contribute to biodiversity loss
– threat to 306 of the 825 terrestrial eco-regions (WWF)
– major threat to 1699 endangered species (red list) (IUCN)
Closely related to humans
• influence agro-ecosystems’ ability to provide
health-provisioning services
Mobility
Field preparation, irrigation, post-harvest processing, transport
Supporting: Nutrient recycling
Nutrient “mining”, transport and
concentration
– Increase in soil fertility / heterogeneity
– Unknown biodiversity effect
Fuel and waste recycling
Seed scarification and dispersal
Regulating services
Well managed grazing
• Biodiversity
• Structural heterogeneity
• Shrub and fire control
• SOM, C-sequestration
• Water cycle
• Local breeds get
recognized as part of
culture and landscape,
and as attractive for
tourism
Cultural services
• Insurance
• Exchangeable asset
• Entertainment
Main drivers and threats to breed diversity
Other
Replacement of breed functions
Loss of production environment
Loss of labour force
Disease and disease control
Lack of functional institutions
Socio-political instability
Poor conservation strategies
Poor livestock sector policies
Economic and market drivers
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Risk status - the global picture
6%
8% extinct
22% at risk
34% unknown
1%
10%
1%
9%
31%
13%
4%
41%
9%
7%
3%
critical
40%
critical-maintained
endangered
endangered-maintained
extinct
not at risk
unknown
25%
Information on sustainability
0.35
Breed shares and purchasing power
0.3
0.25
Meat consumption
0.2
0.15
Breeds extint-and-at-risk, share
of total (%)
0.1
Breeds with unknown risk, share
of total (%)
Breeds in conservation, share of
at-risk (%)
0.05
0
$ GNI/capita PPP
6000
11000
-0.15
World
MENA
-0.1
SSA
-0.05
16000
21000
26000
31000
36000
High
income
1000
110 countries, Hoffmann, 2011
Information on sustainability
0.35
Breed shares and purchasing power
0.3
0.25
0.2
Breeds extint-and-at-risk, share
of total (%)
0.15
Breeds with unknown risk, share
of total (%)
0.1
Breeds in conservation, share of
at-risk (%)
0.05
0
$ GNI/capita PPP
6000
11000
-0.15
World
MENA
-0.1
SSA
-0.05
16000
21000
26000
31000
36000
High
income
1000
110 countries, Hoffmann, 2011
Information gaps
Locally adapted breeds
• Population size and structure, and distribution
• Phenotypic, genetic and economic
characterization
• Genetic improvement programmes
• Hard data on ecosystem services
Highly selected commercial breeds
• Impact of narrowing within-breed diversity
• Physiological limits (production and health)
• Reconcile production with welfare and
environment issues
Future challenges / opportunities
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Genomics and metagenomics ...
Phenotyping and phenomics - bioinformatics
Reproductive technologies
Conservation programmes, technologies and safety
Optimizing genotypes for production environments
and vice versa
GMOs for resource use efficiency
Sustainable use and development
Adaptation in ecological / evolutionary terms, incl.
host-pathogen interface
Application of the ecosystems approach, system
boundaries
Thank you