Download Wright/Nolan

Seed Collection and Revegetation as a
Means to Reduce the Spread of Invasive
and Introduced Species
or in other words:
Using Native Species in Revegetation
Projects
By
Stoney Wright & Andy Nolen
Why use native seed?
 It prevents the introduction of
potentially unwanted pest species.
 They are truly adapted to the area.
 Their appearance is more
aesthetically pleasing.
 It is a local business.
 It is required under some Federal
Programs.
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Why Revegetate Disturbances?
 The Government made me do it!
 The landowner made me do it!
 SOP
Why Revegetate Disturbances?
 To control erosion
 To protect other features or
structures
 To fulfill regulatory requirements
 Aesthetics
 Benefit of wildlife or other natural
element
 Part of the basic stewardship ethic
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What is Revegetation?
 Active revegetation is the process
or art of site preparation and
putting plants, or their parts
(propagules) on a land surface
capable of supporting these life
forms but for some reason now
void of plants.
 Active revegetation follows a
specific plan or set of rules.
What is Revegetation?
 Passive revegetation is the process or art
of site preparation, if necessary, to
encourage the natural re-establishment
of vegetation normally found in the area
or environmental niche.
 Passive revegetation follows a less rigid
plan but follows concepts of plant
succession and natural processes.
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State Seed Regulations
 State seed regulations are for consumer
protection and are related to commerce.
 They follow The Federal Seed Act and
tailor regulations for individual states.
 Alaska Seed Regs. only apply in Alaska
 The Alaska Seed Regulations (for the
purposes of this gathering) state:
State Seed Regulations
 All seed sold in the state must be
clearly labeled or tagged with the
following information:
Common name of seed
Where it was grown
% pure seed
% weed seed
% inert matter
% other crop seeds
% name and number/lb of each restricted weed
seed
 % germination w/ month and year of test
 % hard seed
 Cont.
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State Seed Regulations
cont.
 Name and address of person selling seed
 Lot number or other lot identification
 Mixed seed will
 State that the seed is a mix
 Show name and variety of each kind by percent
in order of predominance w/ lot#s
 % weed seed, % inert matter
 name and amount of restricted weeds
 Germination test information and dates
 Name and address of seller
“Certified Seed”
vs.
Seed certified for a given
germination and weed
content
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Seed certified for a given germination
or weed content is often a
requirement set by the buyer,
landowner or in some cases agencies
interested in consumer protection
“Certified Seed”
Pertains to a specific class of seed in
a given State’s Seed Certification
program. It has everything to do with
cultivar/variety (Breed) integrity and
quality. Germination and purity are
secondary conditions for agency
certification. These can be set by the
breeder.
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Assure the Quality of
Native Germplasm
through...........
PLANT GERMPLASM RELEASE AND
CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES
ESTABLISHED BY THE ASSOCIATION
OF OFFICIAL SEED CERTIFYING AGENCIES
(AOSCA)
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TRADITIONAL APPROACH
of
Plant Germplasm Release To The Public
 CULTIVAR RELEASE--Broad
based, widely adapted cultivars with
outstanding and/or unique
characteristics with stable heritability
 GERMPLASM RELEASE --
Minimally developed plant material
possessing desirable traits often
released for use in breeding programs
Reclamation and Restoration
Professionals indicate - Increasing need for local ecotypes
 Superior or unique characteristics are no
longer only factors considered
 Desire for minimal or no genetic
manipulation
 Need to insure source and genetic purity
for harvested/collected materials
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Justification for Pre-Variety Release
and
Certification Procedures
 Propagation material of natural ecotypes
are needed for ecosystem restoration
 Inadequate seed sources for species or
desired ecotypes
 Time frame precludes traditional cultivar
development
 Limited potential market beyond
applicable plant communities
Genetic Status
of
Plant Populations
Manipulated
 Purposeful genetic manipulation (recurrent selection,
hybridization, mutations, synthetic combinations, genetic
engineering, etc.) has occurred
 Genetic variability of defined plant population has been
expanded or narrowed
Natural
 No genetic manipulation of the original accession occurred
 Full genetic variability of defined ecotype is maintained
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Labeling, Protection, and Marketing
of
Certified Seed
Cultivar/Variety
 Identified on tag by crop and cultivar (variety) name
 Has status of recognized variety under Federal and State seed
law
 Eligible for protection under the Plant Variety Protection Act
 Only seed meeting certification requirements and properly
tagged may be represented as certified seed
Labeling, Protection, and Marketing
of Certified Seed
Pre-Variety Release
 Identified on tag by species name
 Optional identification (number or descriptive designation) not
to be construed as variety name
 Tags for Natural germplasms must list geographic location of
seed collection site or field production site
 Not eligible for protection under the Plant Variety Protection
Act
 Only seed meeting certification requirements and properly
tagged may be represented as certified seed
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USES
for
 SOURCE IDENTIFIED: the defined
problem or use area is limited to a geographical
area with environmental factors similar to the
source
 SELECTED: the defined problem or use
area is generally broader geographically with
limited variability in environmental factors
 TESTED:
the defined problem or use area is
larger geographically, i.e. MLRA, with moderate
variability in environmental factors
SUMMARY
 Pre-Variety release procedures
targeted to conservation plants
 Intended to fill need for
ecosystem restoration
 Expedites use of plant material
of assured genetic source and
purity
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The Alaska Plant Materials Center now
develops and releases new varieties in either
Source Identified or Selected Germplasm
Class and in a non manipulated ‘Natural’
category
 First step: Collect Desired Species
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 Second step: Process or condition the seed
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 Third step: Test Seed/determine germination
requirements
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 Fourth Step: Evaluate, Demonstrate and
Recommend
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REVEGETATION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INTERIOR ALASKA
BASED ON SOIL CHACTERISTICS & AVAILABLE MOISTURE
SOIL
GROUP
Seed
Vol.
High
Organic
GW, GP
GM, GC
SW, SP,
SM, SC
ML, CL,
OL
MH, CH,
OH
Species/Cultivar Selection
Why revegetate these soils? Recommend Fertilizer only. If seeding is
stipulated use recommendation for MH, CH, OH Mesic or Xeric depending on
site.
Why revegetate these soils? Recommend scarification and fertilizer only. If
seeding stipulated use specifications for GM, GC and soil moisture.
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1 Egan American
Sloughgrass
1 Norcoast Bering Hairgrass
1 Alyeska Polargrass
1 Arctared Red Fescue
2 Nortran Tufted Hairgrass
2 Boreal Red Fescue
2 Kenai Polargrass
2 Gruening Alpine Bluegrass
3 Sourdough Bluejoint grass
1 Norcoast Bering Hairgrass
1 Egan American
Sloughgrass
2 Alyeska Polar grass
2 Greuning Alpine Bluegrass
Saturated (Hydric)
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
Arctared Red Fescue
Norcoast Bering Hairgrass
Gruening Alpine Bluegrass
Boreal Red Fescue
Alyeska Polargrass
Nortran Tufted Hairgrass
Wainwright Slender Wheatgrass
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
1 Wainwright Sl. WG
1 Arctared Red Fescue
1 Gruening Alpine
Bluegrass
2 Nortran tufted Hairgrass
2 Norcoast Bering Hairgrass
2 Boreal Red Fescue
3 Sourdough Bluejoint
Arctared Red Fescue
wainwright Slender Wheatgrass
Norcoast Bering Hairgrass
Nortran Tufted Hairgrass
Greuning Alpine Bluegrass
Alyeske Polargrass
Kenai Polargrass
Boreal Red Fescue
Egan American Sloughgrass
Sourdough Bluejoint grass
Average (Mesic)
Soil Moisture Characteristics
Very Dry (Xeric)
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Plant Material Center
Programs
New revegetation crop development
Maintenance of Breeder Seed
Production of Foundation Seed
Production of Source Identified & Selected
Class Seed
 Seed Grower Assistance
 Revegetation Technique development
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 Ethnobotany Program
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Greenhouse
Production
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