Download Figure 1.1 The various parts of the scientific method.

Energy and
Matter
1
The three major temperature scales.
Room Temperature
70 F or 21 C
Absolute Zero
K = C + 273
C = K - 273
2
3
The three states of water:
4
Changes in Matter
Physical changes

Crushing, tearing, cutting
Physical Properties


Boiling point, Freezing point, color, state
Can be observed without changing substance’s
composition
Chemical changes


Burning, cooking, chemical reactions, rusting
In chemical reactions:
Color change, precipitate, bubbling, gas produced, smell
Chemical Properties

Reactivity in a chemical reaction
5
The three forms of the element carbon:
These are Allotropes!
6
Chapter 1
Basic Building Blocks of Matter
• An atom is the smallest unit of an element that
maintains the chemical identity of that element.
• An element is a pure substance that cannot be
broken down into simpler, stable substances and is
made of one type of atom.
• A compound is a substance that can be broken down
into simple stable substances. Each compound is
made from the atoms of two or more elements that
are chemically bonded.
Chapter 1
Classification of Matter
• A mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of matter,
each of which retains its own identity and properties.
• mixed together physically
• can usually be separated
• Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions
• uniform in composition (salt-water solution)
• Heterogeneous mixtures
• not uniform throughout (clay-water mixture)
Chapter 1
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Classifying Matter
The
organization
of matter
Substances
Matter
Can be
Separated
Physically
Mixture of
Substances
Can be
Separated
Chemically
Element
Compound
Homogeneous
Mixture
(Solution)
Heterogeneous
Mixture
10
Chapter 1
Types of Mixtures
Twenty-four-karat gold is an element
Eighteen-karat gold is an alloy.
Fourteen-karat gold is an alloy.
12
Filtration
separates
a liquid
from a
solid.
13
No chemical change occurs when salt water is
distilled.
14
Separation of a sand-saltwater mixture.
15
Distillation
16
Electrolysis, the
decomposition of
water by an
electric current, is
a chemical
process.
17
A Mixture: The composition of air.
18
Density
Density = Mass
Volume
kg
m3
g kg
cm3 L
Low density mass immersed in higher
density fluid rises
High density mass immersed in lower
density fluid sinks
Tank of water.
20
Person submerged in the tank.
21
Difference Between Mass and Weight
Mass is the measurement of the amount of
matter in an object
Weight depends on the gravity where the mass
is located
Your mass is the same on the moon or earth
You will weigh 1/6 as much as on the moon as
on the earth

The gravity on the moon is 1/6 that of the earth
22
Energy
Potential Energy depends on an object’s
position
Kinetic Energy depends on an object’s
motion
23
Forms of Energy
•Thermal Energy
•Electrical Energy
•Chemical Energy
•Nuclear Energy
•Electromagnetic Energy
Matter
Anything that has mass and volume
Four states of matter
Example
Shape
Density
When
Pressurized
Gold
Retains
Shape
High
Little Change
Water
Takes Shape
of Container
High
Little Change
Gas
Nitrogen
Takes Shape
of Container
Low
Compresses
under
Pressure
Plasma
Interior of
Sun
Low
Compresses
under
Pressure
Solid
Liquid
Contained by
magnetic
field
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