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SPATIAL ANALYSIS
Cy Woods High School
2011-2012
What is Geography?

the study of the distribution and interaction
between the physical and human (cultural)
features on the Earth.

Ask 2 questions:

2 major branches:
The “father of Geography” and the first
to successfully measure the
circumference of the Earth?
Erastosthones
Thinking Spatially

(space)
Geography deals with space.

Where things are and why they are
located there.
Looking for
Geographer’s Tools
Advantages vs. globes?
They are flat and
portable
Disadvantages vs.
globes?
Some properties will
be distorted
Geographer’s Tools
Advantages vs. maps?
Size and shapes have the
correct properties
Disadvantages vs. maps?
Can’t see small scales and can’t
carry around
Geographer’s Tools
Pinpoints exact location
Geographer’s Tools
Layers information
Map basics
Drag the word to the
correct place on the
map.
Square, checkerboard or quilt
pattern usually indicate agriculture
(different greens equal different
types of crops)
“Reading”
GIS Imagery
Houston, Texas
Lighter shades
typically
indicate sparse
vegetation or
more shallow
water (may also
show soil
erosion in
water)
Brown, light tan is usually an
indication of soil exposure
(as in clearing for
development, planting or
natural settings such as
deserts and beaches)
Rivers, streams, and bayous appear
as wavy lines (irregular,
wavy=nature). If image has color,
water is usually but not always
colored blue or dark grey.
Darker shades
typically
indicate thicker
vegetation or
deeper water
Light grey = populations,
development, urbanization (straight
lines = infrastructure, man made)
Drag labels to
show the
corresponding
feature on the
GIS image
Bush
Intercontinental
Airport
Galveston Bay
Rural areas
Downtown
Houston
Drag labels to show the corresponding
feature on the GIS image
http://www.wpmap.org/physical-map-of-africa/
Mt. Kilimanjaro
volcano
Lake Victoria
water
Great Rift Valley
elevation change
Nile River
water
Sahara
desert
Suez Canal
chokepoint
Congo Basin
vegetation
Can you match the label to the correct image?
Hawaii
Nile River
California
Mediterranean
Sea
Andes
Mountains
Great Salt Lake
Rocky Mountains
Sahara
Spain
Aral Sea
Italy
Key Concept

The Internet, GPS, and GIS have
influenced the way we study the Earth.
5 Themes of Geography

Movement: how people, goods, and
ideas move

DIFFUSION
5 Themes of Geography

Movement: how else do people,
goods, and ideas move?
5 Themes of Geography

Movement: Push factors vs. Pull
factors.
ex. push factors
1.
2.
ex. of pull factors
1.
2.
3.
3.
Global Movements of People

ex. ???
Developing 
Global Movements of People

Rural 
Why do people live where they
do?

Explain how climate impacts where
people live.
Population Density
Temperate Zones
Why do people live where they
do?

Explain how landforms impact where
people live.
Why do people live where they
do?

Explain how urbanization impacts
where people live.
Why do people live where they
do?

Explain how transportation impacts
where people live.
Why do people live where they
do?

Explain
how
resources
impact
where
people live.
Why do people live where they
do?

Explain how economic activities impact
where people live.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Where would people most
likely live on the map below?
Where would people
be least likely
to live?
How did the physical geography of the
U.S. impact where people settled?
Appalachian Mnts.
Rocky Mnts.
Key Concept

Physical features and environmental
conditions influence migration patters.
Key Concept

Physical features have influenced the
size and distribution of settlements.
Key Concept

Urbanization, transportation, resources
and economic activities have changed
settlement patterns.
Key Concept

When cities lose their function, size
and population goes down.
Sample Question
Which of the following best describes the changes in patterns
of settlement in the U.S. from 1790 to 2006?
A. The U.S. became a rural nation due to the availability of
fertile soil and mild climate.
B. The U.S. became an urbanized nation due to the
growth in manufacturing and transportation.
C. Since the 1990s, population density of the U.S. is the
highest in the Breadbasket region.
D. Over time, population density has increased in the
interior regions of the U.S.
5 Themes of Geography

Regions: share some characteristic

Types of regions



1. formal
2. perceptual
3. functional
What type of region is pictured
below?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Formal
Functional
Perceptual
Natural
What economic activity is this region known for?
Key Concept

There are formal, functional, and
perceptual regions.
5 Themes of Geography


Place: What makes a place significant
or unique.
What is unique about the Middle East?
Key Concept

Every place and region has something
that makes it significant or unique.
Regions of Texas
What are the characteristics
of these regions?
Regions of the U.S.
What are the characteristics
of these regions?
The Northeast

Known for
urbanization (NY,
Philadelphia,
Boston,
Washington D.C.)

American
megalopolis
(BosWash)
The Midwest

Known for
agricultural
production
(“Breadbasket”)
Sunbelt and Rustbelt
Population boomed in the Sunbelt and South
with the invention of air conditioning
Key Concept

Physical features and environmental
conditions influenced the distribution of
culture groups today.
Key Concept

Technological innovations like A/C and
desalination have allowed humans to
adapt to places.
Northwest

Known for being
rainy because of
mountains near
the coast.
Key Concept

Things like climate, vegetation,
language, trade networks, political
units, river systems and religions can
all be used to describe different
regions.
5 Themes of Geography

Location: