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Unit 1 Physical Features Escarpment • Steep cliff or slope that separates two areas of land – caused by erosion Basins • A hollow or depression in the Earth’s surface wholly or partly surrounded by higher land Plateau • An elevated, level expanse of land Buttes • Steep-sided hills Mesas • Naturally flat-topped hills A region is an area that is used to identify and organize areas of the Earth’s surface for various purposes Physical Characteristics – Physical characteristics of places include landforms and soils, bodies and sources of water, vegetation, climate and weather patterns, and animal life. Human characteristics of places include the language, religion, political systems, economic systems, population distribution, ethnicity, age, and standards of living. Coastal Plains • • • • Slopes toward the Gulf of Mexico Largest region Most populated part of Texas Covers 1/3 of the land of Texas • Flat and low • Wooded land and Coastal sands • Big Thicket National Preserve - forest in SE Texas • Rivers - Brazos, Colorado, Trinity • Good soils along rivers • Plains, desert, hills •Hot and damp, humid Climate: •Tornadoes, hurricanes •30-55 inches of rain per year •Plants - pine trees, hardwood trees (elm, oak, Natural cottonwood, pecan) Resources: •Various Animals •Minerals •Bodies of water •Farming •Fishing Economic •Ranching Resources: •Tree farms - lumber businesses •Oil and gas (Spindletop 1901) •Factories •Ports Major Cities • • • • • • • Austin Houston Dallas (on the border of Central Plains) San Antonio Texarkana Corpus Christi Brownsville North Central Plains • Rolling grassy lands • Thick grasses • Cross Timbers area - large areas of hardwood trees • Limestone rock • Higher elevation because limestone doesn't wear down easily • Elevation decreases from west to east Climate: •Dry air •Tornadoes •Hot, short summer – cool to cold winters •20-30 inches of rain per year •Limestone Natural •Minerals Resources: •Streams •Fertile lands for crops •Farming - fruits, vegetables, watermelons, Economic oats Resources: •Ranching - cattle, angora goats (mohair) •Cedar trees – fence posts •Oil and gas Major Cities • • • • Fort Worth Abilene Wichita Falls San Angelo The Great Plains • • • • • • Flat Few trees Canyons in North (Palo Duro Canyon) Higher elevation than Central Plains Cap Rock Escarpment Edwards Plateau Climate: •Dry air •Hot summers •Cold winters •Dust storms •16-20 inches of rain per year •Short grasses Natural •Mesquite, cedar, pecan, and oak Resources: trees in Edward Plateau area •Deer •Wild turkeys •Farming - cotton, wheat Economic (irrigation from wells) Resources: •Ranching - cattle, sheep, goat •Oil and gas in the Permian Basin Major Cities • Amarillo & Lubbock in the Panhandle • Midland & Odessa in the Permian Basin • Kerrville, Fredericksburg, & Del Rio in the Edwards Plateau area Mountains and Basins • • • • • 150 mountains in the mountain ranges Plateaus and basins Deserts Pecos and Rio Grande Rivers Big Bend National Park •Driest part of state •8 inches of rain per year, 20 in Climate: mountains •Hot days, cool nights •Hot short summers / cold winters •Plants - short grasses, shrubs, Natural desert plants in plateaus and Resources: basins; pine forests in mountains •Ranching - cattle, sheep, goat •Farming - cotton, fruits, Economic vegetables, cantaloupes Resources: (irrigation in El Paso and Pecos River Valley) •Oil and gas - part of Permian Basin Major Cities • • • • El Paso Pecos Kermit & Monahans in Permian Basin area Fort Davis, Marfa, & Alpine in Mountain area Great Plains Mountains and Basins North Central Plains Coastal Plains WARM UP / BELL RINGER 9-3-14 To be written in your composition book / spiral … Paragraph #1 Where in Texas do you want to visit ? Give at least 3 reasons why … Paragraph #2 Where in Texas would you NOT want to visit ? Give at least 3 reasons why … MUST be complete sentences AND your BEST handwriting !! Label these on your map : Four major regions of Texas Cities : Brownsville El Paso ******* Houston Austin Dallas Lubbock San Antonio Rivers: Brazos River Colorado River Rio Grande River Red River Neches River Sabine River