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* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Land degradation assessment in drylands (LADA) What is LADA? • • • • Land Degradation Assessment in Dryland Areas LADA PARTNERSHIP At national and regional levels: National CCD focal institutions, land and water divisions, Regional bodies of UNCCD, CST, TPNs At International level: The LADA Secretariat is hosted by FAO and can be contacted at: LADA Secretariat, AGLL Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations , FAO , Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy Fax:00390657056275 Phone:00390657053843 E-mail: http://LADA.virtualcentre.org OBJECTIVES OF LADA 1. Develop and test an effective assessment methodological framework for land degradation in dry lands 2. Build national, regional and global assessment capacities for land degradation assessment and monitoring to assist in the design, planning and monitoring of interventions to mitigate land degradation and establish sustainable land use and management practices 3. Assess (quantitative, qualitative and georeferenced) land degradation at global, national and sub-national levels to: LADA OBJECTIVES (ctnd) * Identify the status, driving forces and impacts, as well as trends of land degradation in drylands in all its components including physical resources (such as soils, water, vegetation, biodiversity) and human resources (livelihood systems, cultural societies), * Identify and characterize the hotspots: the areas with greatest land constraints, high risks or high level of on going land degradation of such areas and areas under risks of degradation, drought or floods, * Identify and characterize the bright spots: the areas where the degradation has been slowed or reversed through conducive policies and actions (area of success & priority area for most cost-effective rehabilitation of fragile lands), THE LADA APPROACH LADA follows a participatory, decentralised, countrydriven and integrated approach and makes ample use of participatory rural appraisals, expert assessment, field measurements, remote sensing, GIS, modelling and other modern means of data generation, networking and communication technologies for share of information at national and international levels. Key elements of the approach are: Participation and inclusion of different perception of LD •Combination of expert assessment & local knowledge •Use adapted assessment tools for specific environments How to measure Changes S.O.M. & Productivity Land use change How to measure complexity RESPONSES DRIVING FORCES IMPACTS PRESSURES STATE MACRO-ECONOMIC POLICIES LAND USE DEVELOPMENT POPULATION GROWTH POVERTY LAND USE LAND TENURE CONDITION EXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS/CHANGE NATURAL DISASTERS WATER STRESS DEMANDS FROM SECTORS AGRICULTURE, URBAIN ...etc NUTRIENT MINING DEMANDS FOR WASTE DISPOSAL POPULATION GROWTH OVER CULTIVATION, OVER GRAZING, DEMANDS FOR WATER USES … INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT RESPONSES DRIVING FORCES PRESSURES MACRO ECONOMIC POLICIES LAND POLICIES AND POLICY INSTRUMENTS CONSERVATION AND REHABILITATION MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS COMMITMENT TO INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS INVESTMENTS IN LAND AND WATER RESURCES LAND PRODUCTIVITY DECLINE SOIL DEGRADATION & SOIL CONTAMINATION SOIL EROSION SOIL SALINIZATION LOSS OF VEGETATION COVER LOSS OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY …. STATE IMPACTS LAND PRODUCTIVITY DECLINE POVERTY AND MIGRATION LAND GOODS AND SERVICE WATER CYCLE AND QUALIT CARBON STORAGE CAPACIT DECLINE HABITAT DESTRUCTION AN LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY CHANGE IN HUMAN POPULATION SIZE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OTHER OFF-SITE IMPACTS LADA Steps Identification of Land Degradation Problems and Users Needs Assessment Establishment of a LADA Task Force LADA Outputs Perception of Impacts and Economic & Ecological costs Institution Building Knowledge Base Gap Analysis Stocktaking & Preliminary Analysis Criteria and Indicators Stratification and Sampling Strategy Cost/Benefit Analysis Field Surveys & Participatory Assessment Decision Support Tools Information Integration Web Site / Reports / Maps Monitoring Strategies & Tools New Land Use Policies & Practices Case Study - Argentina WHY IS LADA IMPORTANT IN ARGENTINA? Argentina ranks ninth in the world for total amount of drylands & is one of only 14 countries to have more than 1 million km2 of drylands (WRI 2003) The dry subhumid, semiarid & arid regions cover 2/3 of Argentina’s terrestrial territory The arid region occupies the largest area (51.5 % of the total land area) 30% of the population lives in drylands (9 M people).Among them 1/3 live on less than 1 U$S per day Livestock ranching is the primary means of livelihood, followed by dryland agriculture The country presents different levels of desertification, as shown in the map COMPOSITION OF THE NATIONAL TASK FORCE AND PILOT SITES Pilot sites National Task Force UBA Puna Chaco Centre W UNCo IADIZA SAyDS INTA Patagonia LADA STAGES RESULTS 1. Identifying land degradations Perceiving economics and ecological problems and assessing the users’ Impacts & costs needs National preliminary report (ed. Web + CD) 2. . Establishing LADA Task Force 3. Inventory and preliminary analysis Institutional strengthening Articulation, communication, network Background knowledge Analysis of missing elements National workshop, May 2002, 42 persons, 25 Institutions 4. Stratification and sampling strategy 5. Field surveys and participatory assessment 6. Integration of information Criteria and indicators Monitoring Groups –Unified Methodology Case studies Operational hot & bright spots. Puna, Centre W, Patagonia & Chaco Cost/benefit Analysis Decision support tools System for degradation follow up 7. Supervision of strategies and tools New land use policies and practices ACHIEVEMENTS • Interesting development in the diagnosis of natural resources. • Human and institutional capacity (large number of Institutions at different levels) • Existence of NAP & National Coordination Agency • Diversity of geographic and social situations • International Cooperation • Plenty of Information. • Number of projects on natural resources • Many methodologies and technologies implemented at local and regional level. • Involvement of different actors (NGOs/GOs) PRIORITIES • Lack of assessments at national level • Lack of a socio-economic quantification. • Extensive area and diversity of situations at regional and local level • Data accessibility • Lack of balance between volume of biophysiical information and economic data. • Lack of examples and demonstrative cases of good and bad practices • Lack of diffusion and use by private and public sectors Aridity Index Wind seep Climate Soil freezing Topology Salinity-alkalinity Geology Wind erosion Geomorphology Ecosystems Water erosion Vegetation Vulnerability Soil texture Soils Vegetation: cover and stratification Desertification hazards Population density Poverty Index Population Human pressure Livestock pressure Land use Use of wood and firewood Thematic maps with basic data Base map delimiting and identifying ecological work units Stage 1 Qualitative Inventory Maps of factors and processes Synthetic maps of factors and processes Stage 2 Qualitative and Quantitative Diagnosis and assessment Map of desertification hazards Stage 3 Quantitative . Identification of participants (participation/key actors: expectations, needs, strategies) . Selection of area of intervention . Determining the scale of temporal and spatial analysis II. DEFINITION AND PRIORITIZATION OF PROBLEMS, OBJECTIVES, IMPACT AND PERFORMANCE HYPOTHESES . Problem identification and establishing hierarchy . Knowledge of the environmental system and desertification processes affecting it . Identification of the causes and consequences of desertification . Adoption of units of analysis (reference environmental units) Process Replication – Time 2 PROCEDURES FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SYSTEM FOR DESERTIFICATION MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT I. PRELIMINARY AGREEMENTS Identification of problems, actors and areas of intervention III. ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS Formulation of a participatory strategic diagnosis of the status of desertification . Pre-diagnosis: basic knowledge of the system . Agreement on the assessment procedure (criteria for selecting indicators and assessment methods) . Identification and selection of indicators (in terms of prioritized problem/objective/ unit of analysis) . Adoption of reference points (base line, data sources, measurement protocols) . Design and adoption of the Monitoring and Assessment System (MAS) . Identification of pilot sites, study cases or measurement stations . Elaboration of procedures for data collection, processing and storage . Determination of ecosystem fragility, human pressure and desertification status through reference environmental units IV. RESPONSE: INTERVENTION PLAN . . . . Identification of solutions and fields of action Formulation and assessment of the impact of intervention strategies Design of the Intervention Plan Implementation of the Intervention Plan V. MONITORING AND FOLLOW-UP . Process operation, monitoring and follow-up . Impact assessment . Feedback and follow-up (making the necessary adjustments to assure continuity of the process) THANK YOU VERY MUCH