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The University of Siauliai Technology Faculty
Elisa Pires
Lecturer: Vidas Lauruska
Siauliai, 2003
What is Communication?
• Process of sending & receiving messages
– Spoken
– Written
– Nonverbal
• Competent writing/speaking skills help you
– Get hired
– Perform well
– Earn promotions
Communication Process
Sender
has an
idea
Receiver
gives
feedback
Sender
encodes
idea
Receiver
decodes
message
Sender
transmits
Receiver
gets
message
Communicating in Organizations
• Must communicate
– Needs, thoughts, plans, expertise, etc.
• Organization
– Group of people working together to achieve common
goal
– Communication vital part of organization
• Communication = means by which
– Information is shared
– Activities are coordinated
– Decision making is enhanced
Verbal Communication
• ORAL
– Most common functions in business
– To be effective, listening is also required
• Nearly 60% of all communication problems in business are
caused by poor listening
• Most oral communication is temporary
• WRITTEN
– More difficult than speaking
• Must get message correct first time
• No immediate feedback or nonverbal cues
• Written communication is permanent
Verbal Communication
Oral
Written
One-on-one conversations
Memorandums
Meetings
Letters
Phone calls
E-mail
Presentations
Reports
Videoconferences
Miscellaneous
7
Formal Communication Network
CEO
Upward
VP-1
VP-2
Downward
Cross-Channel
MGR-1
MGR-2
MGR-3
MGR-4
Horizontal
8
Formal Communication Network
• WHY?
– Downward
• Job performance, policies, procedures, day-to-day
operations, etc.
– Upward
• Helps prevent management isolation through conferences,
suggestion systems, etc.
– Horizontal
• Help coordinate work assignments, share information on
plans/activities, negotiate, etc.
– Cross-Channel
• Responsibilities typically involve many departments
Informal Communication Network
• Transmits information through
nonofficial channels
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Business-related
Accurate
Pervasive (all levels)
Rapid
Most active during change
Normal
Accept & pay attention
Barriers to Communication
• Verbal
– Related to what you write or say
• Nonverbal
– Related to how you act
– Others will usually believe what we do rather
than what we say
• Connotation vs Denotation
Ethics & Communication
• Ethics
– Rules of conduct
– Might go beyond legal rules
• Defamation (false & malicious - injures reputation)
– Slander - Oral
Libel - Written or Videotape
• Invasion of privacy
• Fraud
– Purpose of inducing someone to give up something of value
• Misrepresentation
– False statement that is made innocently with no intention to deceive
other party
Internet Applications
Download and
Computer
Surf and
E-mail
E-Commerce
Internet Chat
and
Discussion Forums
Popular Uses
of the
Internet
Transfer
Protocol (FTP)
and Telnet
Search Engines
Basic Components in a
Telecommunications Network
1
Telecommunications
Processors
4
3
5
Telecommunications
Software
2
PCs, NCs,
and Other
Terminals
2
Telecommunications
Channels and Media
Computers
Wide Area Networks
WAN
France
California
Norway
Portugal
Belgium
Wide
Area
Network
British
Columbia
Pennsylvania
Japan
Chile
Dominican
Republic
Local Area Networks
PC
PC
PC
Shared
Database and
Software Packages
Network
Server
Shared
Printer
PC
PC
Internetwork Processor to Other Networks
Other E-business Networks
The
Internet
Router
Extranet
Fire wall
Intranet
Server
Fire wall
Router
Intranet
Server
Host System
Network Topologies
Transmission Media
UTP Copper Wire
Four pairs (each pair is twisted)
Single Twisted Pair
Jacket
There is insulation around each wire.
19
Optical Fiber Cabling
Cladding
Light
Source
(LED or
Laser)
Core
Light
Ray
Reflection at Core/Cladding Boundary
31
The Internet’s TCP/IP
Application
Layer
Application or
Process Layer
Presentation
Layer
Session
Layer
Host-to-Host Transport Layer
Transport
Layer
Internet Protocol (IP)
Network
Layer
Network Interface
Data Link
Layer
Physical Layer
Physical
Layer
Chapter Summary
• Organizations are becoming internetworked
enterprises that use the Internet, intranets,
and other telecommunications networks to
support e-business.
• Telecommunications has entered a
deregulated and fiercely competitive
environment with many vendors, carriers, and
services
• A major trend is towards pervasive use of the
Internet and its technologies to build
interconnected enterprise and global
networks.
Chapter Summary (cont)
• The major components of any
telecommunications network are:
–
–
–
–
–
Terminals,
Telecommunications processors,
Communication channels,
Computers, and
Telecommunications software.
• There are several basic types of telecomm
networks, including wide area networks
(WANs) and local area networks (LANs).
Chapter Summary (cont)
• Key telecommunications network
alternatives include telecommunications
media, processors, software, channels,
and architectures.