Download Pearson science 9 Chapter 8 Test Disease Name: Class:______

Pearson science 9
Chapter 8 Test
Disease
Name: _____________________
Class:__________
Instructions: Write answers in the right-hand column.
Date:__________
Score: ___________ / 53 marks
Section A—Multiple choice (25 marks)
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State the general name for organisms that cause disease.
A bacterium
B antibody
C pathogen
D virus
C
There is a danger of becoming dehydrated when suffering gastroenteritis.
Identify the LEAST likely reason for this.
A The person is not able to drink anything.
B The fever causes large amounts of water to be lost from the body.
C Vomiting causes the body to lose water.
D Diarrhoea causes the body to lose water.
A
Identify the statement about viruses that is NOT correct.
A Viruses are one hundred times smaller than bacteria.
B Viruses can only grow and reproduce inside the cells of a host organism.
C Viruses make thousands of copies of themselves inside a host cell.
D Viruses can only be spread through coughing and sneezing.
D
Identify the statement that is INCORRECT.
A Malaria is an infection caused by a unicellular parasitic organism called
Plasmodium.
B Amoebic dysentery is caused by a parasitic single-celled organism.
C Tetanus is caused by a virus called Clostridium tetani.
D Chicken pox and shingles are caused by the same virus.
C
Select the correct comparison of neutrophils and macrophages.
A Macrophages and neutrophils are both part of the body’s last line of defence
against pathogens.
B Neutrophils and macrophages both kill bacteria by consuming them.
C Macrophages produce antibodies, while neutrophils kill bacteria by
consuming them.
D Neutrophils are red blood cells, whereas macrophages are white blood cells.
B
Copyright © Pearson Australia 2012 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) ISBN 978 1 4425 2361 6
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Pearson science 9
Chapter 8 Test
Disease
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Select the list that best describes the first line of defence against disease.
A skin; mucus; vomiting; inflammation; pus formation
B stomach acid; sneezing; white blood cells; inflammation
C skin; vomiting; mucus; coughing; stomach acid
D inflammation; coughing; white blood cells; pus formation
C
Name the scientist who was able to convince scientists in Europe that there was
a link between germs (bacteria) and disease.
A Aristotle
B Pasteur
C Redi
D Hippocrates
B
At the site of infection ______ in your blood consume _________. The
________ die and form yellow _______. (Identify the missing words in the
correct order.)
A pathogens; neutrophils; pathogens; pus
B neutrophils; pathogens; neutrophils; pus
C pus; pathogens; pathogens; neutrophils
D neutrophils; pus; pathogens; pus
B
Define a pathogen.
A a substance that kills bacteria or prevents the growth of bacteria
B the organism that a parasite lives in
C a white blood cells that make antibodies
D an organism that causes disease
D
Describe an antibody.
A a chemical made by the immune system that makes it easier for white blood
cells to destroy pathogens
B a type of white blood cell that consumes pathogens
C an early antibiotic
D a chemical that causes your body to react as if you had met a pathogen
A
Copyright © Pearson Australia 2012 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) ISBN 978 1 4425 2361 6
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Pearson science 9
Chapter 8 Test
Disease
Section B—Short answer (28 marks)
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Explain how vaccinations work.
Vaccinations ‘infect’ you with something
very similar to a pathogen – usually a
virus or bacterium that had been modified
or rendered harmless. Your body
responds to the ‘infection’ by making
antibodies that protect you from the
active pathogens. You are then immune
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to the disease.
2
Compare an infectious disease and a
contagious disease.
Both infectious and contagious diseases
can be passed from one person to
another. Contagious diseases are more
easily passed on than diseases that are
classed as merely infectious.
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3
4
5
Explain why a person is unlikely to
suffer from measles as an adult if they
had had measles as a child.
Explain why it is difficult to become
immune to the common cold.
Describe the role of lymphocytes and
macrophages in fighting disease.
The person has an acquired immunity to
measles. When they had measles as a
child, their body produced antibodies in
response to the presence of the measles
virus. These antibodies are specific to the
measles virus. If exposed again to the
virus, the body quickly makes the
antibodies and can protect against the
viral infection.
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There are many strains of the common
cold virus, and new strains emerge
frequently. Each time a new strain
emerges, a new antibody has to be
produced. You become unwell as the
body makes the new antibodies.
3
Lymphocytes are white blood cells
present in the lymph. They are involved
in the production of antibodies.
Macrophages are large white blood cells
also found in the lymph. They surround
and destroy micro-organisms.
2
Copyright © Pearson Australia 2012 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) ISBN 978 1 4425 2361 6
Pearson science 9
Chapter 8 Test
Disease
6
Identify the correct word in the
following list to complete the sentences
below.
lymphocytes; vaccines; fungicides;
antibiotics; inflammation; antibody
a Bacterial infections are treated
with _______ – substances that
kill bacteria.
a Bacterial infections are treated with
antibiotics – substances that kill
bacteria.
b Inflammation is a response of the
body to infection.
c Lymphocytes respond by making a
chemical called an antibody.
b ___________ is a response of the
body to infection.
d Vaccines are chemicals that cause
your body to react as though it had
met a pathogen.
c ____________respond by
making a chemical called an
_____________.
e Fungicides are chemicals that kill
fungi.
d __________ are chemicals that
cause your body to react as
though it had met a pathogen.
e ________ are chemicals that kill
fungi.
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a Explain what causes a fever.
b Describe how having a fever
helps combat disease.
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a In response to infection, your body
thermostat is set higher than
normal.
b Pathogens that enter your body
function best at normal body
temperature. By setting your body
temperature higher, the pathogens
are not able to function as
efficiently and your immune
system can fight them more easily.
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Classify the following as part of the
first, second or last line of defence in
your body’s fight against disease.
lymphocytes; skin; neutrophils;
mucus; stomach acid; macrophages;
antibodies; nose hairs
3
First line of defence: skin mucus
stomach acid nose hairs
Second line of defence: neutrophils
Third line of defence: lymphocytes
macrophages antibodies
3
Copyright © Pearson Australia 2012 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) ISBN 978 1 4425 2361 6
Pearson science 9
Chapter 8 Test
Disease
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Explain how you would respond to
This is an open-ended question. Points
someone who suggests that the best way that could be raised include:
of controlling disease is to get rid of all
Only a small number of bacteria are
bacteria.
pathogenic. Many other bacteria are
essential for our survival and health.
Among other things, bacteria are
decomposers in the natural
environment. They also help herbivore
(and human) digestion. Bacteria help
control insects that have the potential to
cause disease and they help clean up
pollutants. Other organisms (such as
fungi) are also pathogenic, so killing
only bacteria will not remove all
diseases. Some diseases are not caused
by organisms.
When animals are brought into
Australia they are required to spend
time in quarantine.
a Propose a reason for this practice.
b Propose what could determine the
length of time the animals remain
in quarantine.
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a The animals could be carrying a
disease that might infect large
numbers of animals in Australia –
either farm or native animals – that
have no immunity to the disease.
b The maximum length of time
between an animal becoming
infected and the symptoms of the
disease appearing would determine
the time spent in quarantine.
Copyright © Pearson Australia 2012 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) ISBN 978 1 4425 2361 6
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Pearson science 9
Chapter 8 Test
Disease
Section C— Thinking scientifically (10 marks)
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Under the right conditions, bacteria can divide in 20 minutes. If at 7.40 p.m.
there were 5000 bacteria, calculate how many there will be at 8.20 p.m.
A 8000
B 9000
C 10 000
D 20 000
D
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This graph shows the relative sizes of some micro-organisms. Identify which of
the following is the smallest.
C
A
B
C
D
tuberculosis bacterium (TB)
cholera bacterium
smallpox virus
ebola virus
Copyright © Pearson Australia 2012 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) ISBN 978 1 4425 2361 6
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Pearson science 9
Chapter 8 Test
Disease
3
Using the information in the table, identify which of the following is a viral
infection.
D
A
B
C
D
thrush
gastroenteritis
cholera
rabies
Copyright © Pearson Australia 2012 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) ISBN 978 1 4425 2361 6
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Pearson science 9
Chapter 8 Test
Disease
4
A patient visits a doctor and explains that she has been vomiting a lot and has
diarrhoea. Use the information in the table to identify what she might have.
A
A
B
C
D
gastroenteritis
giardia
cholera
toxoplasmosis
Copyright © Pearson Australia 2012 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) ISBN 978 1 4425 2361 6
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Pearson science 9
Chapter 8 Test
Disease
5
Use the information in the following table to identify the disease that does NOT
produce a fever.
A
A
B
C
D
giardia
rabies
chicken pox
toxoplasmosis
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6
Four paper discs were soaked in antibiotics. The discs were placed on a plate
with a large number of colonies of bacteria. The aim of the experiment was to
test the effectiveness of the antibiotics. After three days the plate was examined.
The results are shown above.
Identify the antibiotic that was most effective in killing the bacteria.
A A
B B
C C
D D
Copyright © Pearson Australia 2012 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) ISBN 978 1 4425 2361 6
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Pearson science 9
Chapter 8 Test
Disease
7
Four paper discs were soaked in antibiotics. The discs were placed on a plate
with a large number of colonies of bacteria. The aim of the experiment was to
test the effectiveness of the antibiotics. After three days the plate was examined.
The results are shown above.
Identify the antibiotic that appeared to have no effect at all on the bacteria.
A A
B B
C C
D D
Copyright © Pearson Australia 2012 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) ISBN 978 1 4425 2361 6
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Pearson science 9
Chapter 8 Test
Disease
8
Bacteria are classified according to their shape. This classification is shown in
the table below.
Identify the type of bacterium shown in the image below.
A
B
C
D
cocci
streptococci
bacilli
spirilli
Copyright © Pearson Australia 2012 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) ISBN 978 1 4425 2361 6
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Pearson science 9
Chapter 8 Test
Disease
9
Bacteria are classified according to their shape. This classification is shown in
the table below.
Identify the type of bacterium shown in the image below.
A
B
C
D
diplococci
bacilli
spirilli
streptococci
Copyright © Pearson Australia 2012 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) ISBN 978 1 4425 2361 6
B
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Pearson science 9
Chapter 8 Test
Disease
10
C
Calculate the percentage of deaths caused by infectious diseases worldwide and
in low-income countries and then identify the correct statement.
A Infectious diseases cause twice as many deaths in low-income countries
compared to the rest of the world.
B Less than a quarter of the deaths worldwide are caused by infectious
diseases.
C 45% of deaths in low-income countries are caused by infectious diseases.
D 85% of deaths in the world have a cause other than an infectious disease.
Copyright © Pearson Australia 2012 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) ISBN 978 1 4425 2361 6
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