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Introduction to local industrial networks H Quiz Be able to compare and position the main local industrial networks on the market F Be familiar with and understand Schneider Electric's Networks policy for "Industry" E D C B A Duration: 45 min. TOLED Networks policy for "Industry" Positioning of the main networks Interconnection products Main standards and concepts used Communication criteria Local industrial networks - Why use them? Expert, Training: Philippe WARIN Created by: AMEG Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 1 WHY USE THEM? H Quiz F E D C B A TOLED Networks policy for "Industry" Positioning of the main networks Interconnection products Main standards and concepts used Communication criteria Local industrial networks - Why use them? Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 2 - what is a local industrial network? Digital data 1 Serial link TOLED 0 Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 3 - lower installation costs Not networked TOLED Networked Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 4 - less sensitivity to electromagnetic interference Analogue speed command 0-10 V Digital speed command 0 - 32767 In the event of interference, the message can be repeated Interference on the value received Not networked TOLED No interference on the value received Networked Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 5 - possibility of intelligence distribution Addition of an optional card for remote automation TOLED Configuration of local reflex actions Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 6 - accurate diagnostics in the event of a fault Generic fault Not networked TOLED Motor overload fault Networked Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 7 - easier replacement of defective equipment OOS module TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 8 COMMUNICATION CRITERIA H Quiz F E D C B A TOLED Networks policy for "Industry" Positioning of the main networks Interconnection products Main standards and concepts used Communication criteria Local industrial networks - Why use them? Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 9 - to communicate... Who am I speaking to? When can I speak? Do I have to send information at regular intervals? Number of correspondents? One or more speakers? Can I be replaced? OSI Model: classification and organisation What distance? What facility should I use? Maximum message size? Have you understood? Which language? TOLED Is it urgent? Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 10 - the OSI model from ISO OSI model: Open System Interconnection Seven-layer architecture ISO: International Standards Organization Division into homogeneous and ordered subsets TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 11 - description of the OSI model Standardisation of functions for interchangeability purposes PROFILE APPLICATION LAYER 7 PRESENTATION 6 LAYER SESSION LAYER Format conversion 5 Organisation and synchronisation of exchanges TRANSPORT LAYER 4 End-to-end routing control NETWORK LAYER 3 Data routing 2 Link control Medium access control 1 Hardware LINK LAYER PHYSICAL LAYER TOLED Grammar - Semantics Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 12 - local industrial network criteria Interchangeability: EDS, GSD files? PROFILE APPLICATION Language: Modbus, FMS? Process data: Client-server, producer-consumer LAYER 7 content, periodicity? Service data: Accessible variables, max. size? 2 Medium access: master-slave, token ring, random access? Addressing: address 1, 5, general distribution? Transmission control: parity check, CRC, delimiters? Flow control: NACK, XON-XOFF, inhibit time? LINK LAYER PHYSICAL LAYER TOLED 1 Medium: twisted pair, coaxial cable, optical fibre? Topology: bus, star, tree, grid? Max. no. of devices: 2, 31, 64, 128? Max. distance between devices: 100 m, 1 km, 15 km? Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 13 MAIN STANDARDS AND CONCEPTS USED H Quiz F E D C B A TOLED Networks policy for "Industry" Positioning of the main networks Interconnection products Main standards and concepts used Communication criteria Local industrial networks - Why use them? Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 14 LAYER 1: PHYSICAL The main media used Standard twisted pairs: RS232, RS422, RS485 The various topologies TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 15 Physical layer 1 - the main media used The choice of MEDIA affects the: speed distance electromagnetic immunity Most commonly used media: Low pair(s) of shielded twisted wires Cost coaxial cables optical fibre: High TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 16 Physical layer 1 - standard twisted pairs RS232: Point-to-point link via 25-pin or 9-pin SUB-D connector. Distance < 15 m, speed < 20 Kbps RS422: Full-duplex (simultaneous bidirectional) multi-drop bus on 4 wires. Good immunity to interference, maximum distance 1000 m at 100 Kbps. 2 transmission wires, 2 reception wires RS485: Half-duplex (alternate bidirectional) multi-drop bus on 2 wires. Same electrical characteristics as RS422A but on 2 wires. TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 17 Physical layer 1 - the various topologies POINT-TO-POINT RING Example: Used by Interbus Example: PC - PLC console connector link STAR GRID Example: Internet network via routers Example: PCs connected over Ethernet via a HUB Bypass Chaining BUS Line termination resistors TOLED TREE Example: Intranet network via hubs and switches Example: CANopen, DeviceNet, Profibus-DP, FIPIO, Modbus RS485 Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 18 LAYER 2: LINK Main medium access methods Master - Slave Token Ring Random access Addressing Transmission quality control Character level parity check Message validity check using a control word Message format check using delimiters Flow control Transparent for the user, with the exception of addressing TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 19 Link layer 2 - medium access When can I speak? When the master invites me to speak Master - Slave Token Ring When it’s my turn When no-one else is speaking TOLED Random access Destructive collision: CSMA-CD Non-destructive collision: CSMA-CA Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 20 Link layer 2 - the Master-Slave system The master grants access to the medium The slave can access the medium after being polled by the master Polling Do you have anything to say? Nothing to declare! Master Slave Response Used by Asi, FIPIO, Modbus, Profibus-DP and Uni-Telway Can be used on CANopen and DeviceNet (by configuration) TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 21 Link layer 2 - Token Ring Ring: the members of a ring are authorised to send data upon receipt of the token. Token: a group of bits passed from one node to another in ascending order of address. Address 2 Address 1 Address 3 Address 4 Used by Modbus Plus TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 22 Link layer 2 - random access Data can be transmitted as soon as a silence is detected. Each device "listens" whilst it transmits If the data received is different from the data sent, a collision occurs 2 types of collision: destructive non-destructive TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 23 Link layer 2 - random access with destructive collisions Step-by-step operation in the event of a collision: any messages in the course of transmission are stopped a scrambling frame is sent: the frame is lost a random wait time is observed the message is resent Sto p Principle used by Ethernet and known as CSMA-CD CSMA-CD = Carrier Sense Multiple Access - Collision Detection TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 24 Link layer 2 - random access with non-destructive collisions The message remains valid, due to a system of dominant and recessive bits • the device with the lower priority stops its transmission (recessive bit) • the device with the higher priority completes its transmission • the device with the lower priority tries to send its message again as soon as the medium is free Dominant Sto p Recessive Principle used by CANopen and DeviceNet and known as CSMA-CA CSMA-CA = Carrier Sense Multiple Access - Collision Avoidance TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 25 Link layer 2 - addressing Who am I speaking to? Advantys FTB interface x10 x1 Lucy Fred Address 77 A group TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 26 Link layer 2 - example of addressing Example using a Modbus frame SOF Address Function Data Checksum EOF Address = 77 If a message is intended for all the devices: General distribution or Broadcasting Use of reserved address values: 0, 255. Cannot be configured on the devices TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 27 Link layer 2 - transmission quality control Have you understood? Welding station Got it! I didn't hear the end of the sentence TOLED Character level parity check Message validity check using a control word Message format check using delimiters Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 28 Link layer 2 - character level parity check Example using a Modbus frame SOF Address Function Data Control word EOF Address Start Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Parity Start Address = 77 includes 4 bits at 1 Even Odd parity 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 Parity 1 0 1 Oddnumber numberofofbits bitsatat1 1 Even TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 29 Link layer 2 - message validity check using a control word Example using a Modbus frame SOF Address Function Data Control word EOF Field containing a value calculated from a block of bits and used to check the validity of the whole message. Examples : Checksum CRC = Cyclic Redundancy Check LRC = Longitudinal Redundancy Check TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 30 Link layer 2 - message format check using delimiters Example using a Modbus frame SOF Address Function Data Checksum EOF Standard information inserted in each message to delimit different fields: start, end, etc. Additional transmission quality checks TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 31 Link layer 2 - flow control NACK = Not acknowledged Wait, let me finish!!! TOLED XON-XOFF Inhibit Time Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 32 LAYER 7: APPLICATION Application layer 7 Messaging Client-Server system Producer-Consumer system Data Types Process data Service data Traffic types Cyclic exchanges Acyclic exchanges TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 33 Application layer 7 - messaging Which language shall we use? Messaging systems: French? Modbus Messaging: Client - Server English? UNI-TE FMS Italian? TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 34 Application layer 7 - Client-Server system The CLIENT is an entity requesting a service The SERVER is the entity that responds to a request from a client Request Request Can youisput What theit Would you bring the bill please? into reverse? engine speed? Straight away, Madame rpm It’s1000 in reverse Client Response Response Server Used by Modbus, UNI-TE, FMS, etc. TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 35 Application layer 7 - Producer-Consumer system The PRODUCER is a single entity that produces information The CONSUMER is an entity that uses it (several entities can use the same information). Speed 1200 rpm It's=13:51 Producer Producer Maybe I'll go to the cinema I am changing my speed to 1200 rpm It's time I display forthe myspeed match Consumer 1 Consumer 1 Consumer 22 Consumer Used by CANopen and DeviceNet TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 36 Application layer 7 - data types Process data Monitoring - Control Service data Configuration - Settings - Diagnostics Low volume of data Large volume of data Quickly refreshed at regular intervals or on change of state Sent at startup or in the event of a problem No time constraint TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 37 Application layer 7 - traffic types Cyclic exchanges Acyclic exchanges Used for process data Used for service data Refreshed automatically At startup, the configuration and settings data is automatically transmitted 2 word tables: inputs and outputs TOLED If required, activation via programming, in the case of settings or diagnostics data Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 38 PROFILE Profile Open system Profile EDS files TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 39 Profile - open system An open system = interoperable and interchangeable components Interoperability = ability of devices to communicate intelligibly with one another Achieved through strict adherence to protocol specifications. Interchangeability = ability to replace one device with another Achieved through strict adherence to profile specifications. TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 40 Profile - device profile Can you take my place? Dark hair, brown eyes, 25 years old 5' 6" 9 stone 4 lb Blond hair, blue eyes, 15 years old 5' 3" 8 stone Profile = is a standardised way of describing the functions of a device Brown hair, green eyes 8 years old 4' 3" 5 stone TOLED An EDS file is an example Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 41 Profile - EDS file Configuration Data Applications Objects Network Configuration Tool Device Device information Electronic Data Sheet EDS = Electronic Data Sheet ---> Strict syntax On floppy disk or CD-ROM - Downloadable Used by network configuration software For Profibus-DP: EDS = GSD TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 42 INTERCONNECTION PRODUCTS H Quiz F E D C B A TOLED Networks policy for "Industry" Positioning of the main networks Interconnection products Main standards and concepts used Communication criteria Local industrial networks - Why use them? Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 43 - improvement or adaptation of network specifications Physical layer 1 Link layer 2 Network layer 3 Application layer 7 TOLED Repeater Hub Transceiver Length - Number of devices Physical medium adaptation Switch Bridge Length - Number of devices - Collisions Router Connection between networks of the same type Gateway Connection between networks of different types Lower layer adaptation Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 44 - repeater Repeater 1 1 Can be used to increase the length and the number of devices that can be connected by adding a new segment Signal amplifier Segment 1 Segment 2 Example: ASi repeater Reference: XZMA1 Connected to a flat cable by means of a vampire connector TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 45 - hub Hub 1 1 Can be used to increase the length and the number of devices by adding several segments. 1 device per segment. 1 1 Star topology. It amplifies a signal received on a port and sends it to all the other ports Example: 4-port 10 Mbps Ethernet hub RJ45 Reference: 499NEH10410 4 x 10baseT TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 46 - transceiver Transceiver 1 Can be used to adapt different types of physical media. 1 Signal converter. Segment 1 Segment 2 Example: Ethernet twisted pair - fibre optic transceiver 100 Mbps Reference: 499NTR10100 Conversion 100baseTX (RJ45) - 100baseFX (SC) TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 47 - switch Switch 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 Can be used to increase the length and the number of devices by adding several segments. Star topology. When a message is received, the receiver's address is analysed and sent to the corresponding port. Example: 8-port 10/100 Mbps Ethernet switch Reference: 499NES18100 8 x 10baseT / 100baseTX (RJ45) TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 48 - bridge Bridge Network 1 2 2 1 1 Can be used to connect two networks using the same application layer but different lower layers Network 2 Example: Modbus Ethernet TCP-IP / Modbus serial link bridge Reference: 174CEV30010 Ethernet interface: 1 x 10baseT = RJ45 Modbus interface: RS232 or RS485 on RJ45 or screw terminals TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 49 - router Router Network 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 Can be used to route information between networks using the same application layer Mainly used by the Internet via IP addresses Network 2 Example: Allied Data Ethernet router TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 50 - gateway Gateway Network 1 7 7 2 2 1 1 Can be used to connect two networks of completely different types Requires software configuration Network 2 Example: Profibus-DP - Modbus serial link gateway Reference: LUFP7 Profibus-DP interface (slave): 9-pin SUB-D Modbus interface (master): RS485 on RJ45 TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 51 POSITIONING OF THE MAIN NETWORKS H Quiz F E D C B A TOLED Networks policy for "Industry" Positioning of the main networks Interconnection products Main standards and concepts used Communication criteria Local industrial networks - Why use them? Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 52 - networks available on the market Classification of local networks Positioning of the main networks on the market Comparison of the main characteristics TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 53 - classification of local networks 1 Mbps 1 minute Files in N x seconds 1 Kbps 1s AMOUNT N xBE 10 words in N x 100 ms OF DATA TO TRANSMITTED RESPONSE TIME REQUIRED N x words in N x 10 ms 1 bit 1 ms N x bits in N x ms TOLED Level 3 Company Information System Data bus PC - Servers Level 2 Workshop Production management Supervision Field bus PLCs - GUI Level 1 Machines Monitoring and control Device bus Variable speed drives Automation islands Level 0 Components Reaction detection Sensor bus Digital actuators sensors Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 54 - positioning of the main networks Ethernet Modbus Plus Profibus-DP FIPIO CANopen Interbus Modbus LS Seriplex ASi Device bus DeviceNet Field bus Profibus-FMS FIPWAY Data bus Sensor bus TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 55 - comparison of physical layer characteristics ASi Medium CANopen Yellow flat ribbon cable Round unshielded Shielded twisted cable pair Round shielded cable DeviceNet Ethernet TCP/IP Modbus Profibus-DP Double shielded twisted pairs Coaxial cable : 10 base2 - 10 base5 Shielded twisted pair 10 baseT-10 baseTX Optical fibre 10 baseF-10 baseFX Shielded twisted pair Optical fibre Interbus Modbus Shielded twisted Double shielded Shielded twisted pair twisted pairs pairs Optical fibre 1000 m twisted pair 3000 m optical fibre 400m 1300m 400 to 4800m acc. to speed 15km 12.8km Depends on the type of repeater 10/100Mbps 9.6 Kbps to 1 Mbps 1 Mbps 500 Kbps up to 19200 bps 64 I/O scanning and Modbus Mono or Multi-masters 122 devices max 1 manager + 126 devices 512 32 1 master and 31 slaves Max. distance without repeaters 100m Acc. to speed: 25m to 1 Mbps 1km to 10 Kbps Max. distance with repeaters 300m Depends on the type of repeater Depends on the type of repeater 10km optical fibre Speed 166 Kbps 9 possible speeds from 10 Kbps to 1 Mbps 125, 250 or 500 Kbps Max. number of devices ASi V1: 1 master + 31 slaves ASi V2: 1 master + 62 slaves 127 devices included master 64 1 master and 63 slaves TOLED FIPIO Acc. to speed: Acc. to speed: Twisted pair 100m 100m to 500Kbps 100m to 12Mbps Optical fibre 2000m 500m to 125Kbps 1.2km to 10Kbps Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 56 - comparison of link and application layer characteristics Medium access method Type and size of data exchanged TOLED ASi CANopen DeviceNet Ethernet TCP/IP Modbus Profibus-DP FIPIO Interbus Modbus Master Slaves CSMA/CA CSMA/CA CSMA/CD Token ring and master/slaves Bus manager Master Slaves Single frame Master Slaves Cyclic I/O: I/O messages 8 IN bytes 8 OUT bytes or >8 if fragmentation Cyclic I/O: I/O scanning 125 IN words 125 OUT words ASi V1: Cyclic: 4 IN bits 4 OUT bits Acyclic: 4 P bits ASi V2: Cyclic: 4 IN bits 3 OUT bits Acyclic: 3 P bits Cyclic I/O: PDO 8 IN bytes 8 OUT bytes Acyclic: SDO Param./adjust. >8 bytes due to fractioning of information Acyclic: Explicit messages Param./adjust. >8 bytes due to fractioning of information Cyclic I/O: PZD 244 IN words 244 OUT words Acyclic: Param./adjust. PKW = 1 word at via asynchronous once messaging 507 words Cyclic I/O: 32 IN words 32 OUT words Acyclic: Param.= 30 words Adust. = 30 words Cyclic I/O: 256 I/O words Acyclic: 256 words via fragmentation Acyclic variables 1920 bits 120 words Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 57 Networks policy for "Industry" H Quiz F E D C B A TOLED Networks policy for "Industry" Positioning of the main networks Interconnection products Main standards and concepts used Communication criteria Local industrial networks - Why use them? Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 58 - Schneider Electric's Networks policy for " Industry " market Definitions Basic principles of the strategy Schneider's Core Networks Legacy and Connectivity Networks TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 59 - definitions CORE NETWORKS Networks targeted and preferred by Schneider Electric LEGACY NETWORKS Networks "inherited" and subject to historical constraints CONNECTIVITY NETWORKS Networks used to meet market requirements TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 60 - basic principles of the strategy Main principles: Policy of openness Use of non-proprietary international standards for the core networks Commitment to Internet technologies Our network strategy must reinforce our leadership in the field of Web automation Commitment to support Legacy networks Gradual migration from old to new networks Ability to meet specific market needs Use of third-party solutions for Connectivity networks TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 61 - Schneider Electric's Core networks Data bus Field bus Ethernet TCP-IP Modbus Device bus CANopen Modbus RS485 Automation island internal bus ASi Sensor bus TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 62 - Legacy and Connectivity Networks LEGACY NETWORKS FIPIO, Modbus Plus, Seriplex As long as they provide technical advantages CONNECTIVITY NETWORKS DeviceNet, Profibus-DP, Interbus... Pragmatic approach via a third-party solution to meet the market needs of different countries TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 63 QUIZ H Quiz F E D C B A TOLED Networks policy for "Industry" Positioning of the main networks Interconnection products Main standards and concepts used Communication criteria Local industrial networks - Why use them? Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 64 A local industrial network is a system which allows to exchange data between industrial equipments Over a parallel link Over a digital serial link Over analog values exchanges Submit TOLED Clear Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 65 Which type of topology is used on CANopen, DeviceNet, Profibus-DP and FIPIO ? Ring Tree Bus Star Grid Submit TOLED Clear Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 66 What is the OSI model ? A standardization system which allows to evaluate the network quality A coding standard for alphanumeric characters A 7 layers model dedicated to communication networks Submit TOLED Clear Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 67 Medium access control - Link control - Which layer ? Physical layer Link layer Application layer Submit TOLED Clear Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 68 What is the good description of a RS485 link ? Point to point link - 15 meters Multi-drop bus - Full-Duplex - 1000 meters Multi-drop bus - Half-Duplex - 1000 meters Submit TOLED Clear Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 69 ASi : which definition ? 1 manager - 127 slaves 1 master - 62 slaves Multi-masters - 122 devices maximum Submit TOLED Clear Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 70 Which networks can run on 1 Mbits/s ASi CANopen Interbus Profibus-DP FIPIO Modbus Submit TOLED Clear Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 71 A gateway allows To extend the network length To connect 2 network segments usind 2 different mediums To connect 2 networks of different types To reduce the collision numbers Submit TOLED Clear Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 72 What is a core network in the Schneider environment ? A network using coaxial cable A targeted network in the Schneider automation architectures A network meeting a bus topology Submit TOLED Clear Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 73 What are the Schneider core networks ? ASi - CANopen (STB internal bus) - FIPWAY ASi - FIPIO - Ethernet TCP-IP Modbus ASi - CANopen (STB internal bus) - Ethernet TCP-IP Modbus ASi - Modbus Plus - Ethernet TCP-IP Modbus Submit TOLED Clear Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 74 Quiz Results You scored {score} out of {total-score} TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 75