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Chapter 6 Data Communications What Is a Computer Network? Network • Collection of computers • Communicate with one another over transmission line Major types of network topologies Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-2 Categories of computer networks Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-3 What Are the Components of a LAN? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1-4 6-4 Network components • • Network interface card (NIC) Transmission media – wired or wireless Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-5 Network Components Transmission Media • • UTP cable: Most popular for wired Ethernet networks Types of UTP cable ― Cat 5E: Cheapest, designed for 100 Mbps ― Cat 6: Designed to support gigabit Ethernet network ― Cat 6a: Designed for ultra-fast Ethernet networks 1-6 6 UTP & RJ45 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-7 Wireless Router Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-8 Home Network Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-9 Network Components • Routers and switches facilitate and control the flow of data ― Router: Transfers packets of data between two or more networks ― Switch: Receives data packets and sends them to intended nodes on the same network Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 10 LAN Protocol IEEE 802.3 Protocol Wired LAN IEEE 802.11 Protocol Wireless LAN Most popular 802.11g (2010) 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet Bluetooth Protocol specifies hardware characteristics, cables, and how messages are packaged and processed Common wireless protocol for transmitting data over short distances—wireless mice and keyboards, cell phones Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-11 Connecting to the Internet Wireless Internet Access • Mobile broadband: Connect to Internet through cellular network to get 3G or 4G access. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 12 TCP/IP Architecture Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-13 Application Layer Protocols Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP) •Protocol used between browsers and web servers. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) •Used for email transmissions. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) • Used to move files over Internet. • Web-Internet-based network of browsers and servers that process http or https. When you use ftp or smtp, you are using Internet, not web. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-14 TCP and IP Protocols TCP or Transmission Control Protocol •Breaks traffic up into pieces and send each piece along its way IP (Internet Protocol) • Specifies routing of pieces of data communication through networks that comprise any Internet • Packet is a piece of a message that is handled by programs that implement IP • Router is a special purpose computer that moves packet traffic according to rules of IP protocol Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-15 IP Addressing Public IP Addresses •Identify a particular device on public Internet •Public IP Addresses must be unique, worldwide •Assignment controlled by ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) Private IP Addresses •Identify a particular device on a private network, usually on a LAN Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-16 Public IP Addresses and Domain Names IPv4 Supports (232) or 4,294,967,296 addresses •Four decimal dotted notation like 165.193.123.253 IPv6 - Supports 2128 addresses Domain name •Unique name affiliated with public IP address URL (Uniform Resource Locator) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-17 How Do Organizations Benefit From Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) Virtual private network • Uses Internet or private network to create appearance of point-to-point connections • Uses public Internet to create appearance of private network Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-18 IIUM VPN Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-19