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Transcript
Other Network Architecture Chapter 6 Release 16/7/2009 Jetking Infotrain Ltd. Chapter Objectives - I Explain token ring topology Explain token bus topology Differentiate between token ring, token bus and Ethernet Explain FDDI Describe signaling and connection standards Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Chapter Objectives - II Understand ATM Explain AppleTalk Explain ARCNET Explain MAN systems, SMDS and DQDB Describe Ethernet alternatives Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Recall 10Base-T is the most commonly used Ethernet standard, which provide transmission speed up to 10 Mbps. The 5-4-3 rule is designed for the number of repeaters and segments on shared access. High speed Ethernet standards are: Fast Ethernet (100Base Ethernet) Gigabit Ethernet 10-Gigabit Ethernet Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Explain token ring using CBT Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Token Ring - IV Advantages: Data collision does not occur Every station is allowed to transmit data Time required to carry the amount of data can be calculated Minimum cable requirement Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Disadvantages: System collapses if links between nodes are malfunctioning No alternative link to transmit the data Data transmission is through single direction Performance degrades when junk data is transmitted Token Ring Vs Ethernet Token Ring Ethernet Token Ring network uses token passing Ethernet network mechanism. mechanism. use CSMA/CD Physical star topology is used. Any topology can be used as physical topology. Defined by IEEE 802.5 standard. Defined by IEEE 802.3 standard. Devices in token ring may transmit only at Devices can transmit as soon as the specific time. medium is free. Support heavy network traffic and The performance of the Ethernet network maintains the network performance. degrades as network traffic increases. Token Ring network is deterministic. Ethernet network is not deterministic as token ring. Token ring network provides bandwidth Ethernet network provides efficiency up to 90%. efficiency up to 40%. bandwidth The network setup and maintenance of The cost of network equipment is lower for token ring is expensive than Ethernet. Ethernet. Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Token Bus Defined by IEEE 802.4 Uses bus topology as physical topology Token passing mechanism is used for data transfer like token ring Token is passed over a virtual ring within network Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Token Ring Vs Token Bus Token Ring Token Bus Designed for offices. Designed for large factories. Star topology is used as physical topology. Bus topology is used as physical topology. A token is passed over the physical ring A virtual ring is formed over which the token itself. is passed. Defined by IEEE 802.5 standard. Defined by IEEE 802.4 standard In Token ring the maximum time that a In Token Bus network the maximum time that token will take to reach the end station a token will take to reach the end station can be calculated. cannot be calculated. Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Explain fiber LAN and FDDI using CBT Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Copper Distributed Data Interface (CDDI) Version of FDDI Uses twisted-pair copper cable instead of fiber optic cable Supports 100 Mbps DTR and 100m segment length Official name - Twisted-Pair Physical MediumDependent (TP-PMD) Only two types of cables are supported by ANSI standard for CDDI: 150 Ohm STP CAT5 UTP Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Signaling and Connection Standards Ensure that equipments to be used for creating networks can work together Signaling Standards FDDI Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 FOIRL 10Base - F Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Network protocol which converts the data traffic into stream of fixed size cell before transmission Designed to transfer data simultaneously from multiple sources Can be employed in both LAN and WAN environments Can provide a maximum data speed of 622 Mbps A high speed transfer technology for voice, video and data over public networks Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 ATM – Performance Throughput – Rate at which ATM cells depart from the ATM switch Connection Blocking Probability – Defines the probability of Non-availability of enough resources for generating physical connections between inlet and outlet Cell Loss Probability – Defines a no. of data cell that can be handled by a switch queue Switching Delay – Time required for cell to pass through the ATM switch Cell Delay Variation – Probability that the switching delay of the ATM switch exceeds the certain value Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 AppleTalk AppleTalk protocol suite was developed by Apple Computers for use on Macintosh computers Developed to allow the multiple users to share resources AppleTalk protocol suite is also compatible with Ethernet, Token Ring and FDDI network architectures AppleTalk is an early implementation of distributed client-server networking system Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 AppleTalk – Network Components Sockets – Location in AppleTalk node which is recognized by a unique address Nodes – Device which is a part of an AppleTalk network e.g. computer, printer or router Networks – Consists of a cable with multiple nodes connected to the cable Zones – Constitutes a group of nodes and network which are logically associated Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 LocalTalk LocalTalk is obsolete but its relation to Appletalk, a popular piece of networking software is found on every Apple brand computer Supported by AppleTalk network protocol for Macintosh computers Implemented at the data link-layer Uses network bus topology Cost effective solutionfor connecting local workgroups Allows 32 active nodes within 300m area Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 ARCNET Attached Resource Computer NETwork (ARCNET) First LAN system introduced by Datapoint Corporation Uses a Token Passing bus structure similar to Token Ring 255 nodes per network and supports speed up to 20 Mbps Supports segment length up to 600 meters Still it is popular in robotics and industrial controls markets Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 ARCNET – Devices Active Hub – Collection of 8 or 16 ports and use BNC female connectors for connecting devices. Isolates the port electrically Passive Hub – Splits signals and consists of 4 ports ARCNET Card - Different types of network interface card (NIC) can be used depending upon the type of network topology BNC Terminator – Prevent signal reflection in network Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 ARCNET - Cables Coaxial Cable – Uses RG62 coaxial cable Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) – Uses RJ11 or RJ45 connectors and maximum segment length is 400m Fiber Optic – Uses both SM and MM fibre cable Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 MAN and show the diagrams of SMDS and DQDB from CBT MAN connects different LANs Cover large distances to function across city MAN Systems Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) High speed packet-switched MAN technology used for communication over public data networks (PDNs) SMDS is the first broadband service that was provided to the public Packets transferred are of variable length and contains the source and destination address Standard speed is 45 Mbps Uses a connectionless service and less expensive as compared to leased line Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 SMDS Network Components Provide high-speed data transmission service Network Components Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Carrier Equipment Subscriber Network Interface (SNI) IEEE 802.6 Standard Mainly developed for MANs Uses the Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) network form DQDB is Data-link layer communication protocol Used for data, voice and video transmission based on cell switching technology DQDB can cover distance up to 30 miles and supports transfer rate ranging from 34 Mbps to 154 Mbps DQDB consists of two unidirectional buses Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Alternatives to Ethernet Sometimes it is impossible to run Ethernet cabling so “no new wire” networking technologies can be used In alternatives to Ethernet two or more computers can be connected into a LAN without running a wire Three networking technologies are: Wireless LANs Phone line networks Power line networks Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Wireless LANs Wireless networks enable the user to move around the house and use the computer. Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Phone Line Networks - I Phone line networks provide satisfactory performance at a much lower cost than wireless systems. Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Phone Line Networks II Carries data at the rate of 1 or 10 Mbps Intel’s AnyPoint are used in this network Computers are interconnected through parallel port Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Explain power line network using CBT Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Summary - I The network arrangement and data communication is given by logical topology Token ring and token bus are the two logical topologies A token passing mechanism is used in both token ring and token bus 100Base-FX, 100 Base SX and 100BaseBX and FDDI are types of fiber LAN Single-attached station (SAS) and Dual-attached station (DAS) are the different types of FDDI stations SAS is connected to the FDDI network through a single connector called S-port Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Summary - II Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network protocol converts data into a stream of fixed size cell before transmission Apple Computers has designed a protocol suite known as AppleTalk The network components of AppleTalk are sockets, nodes, network and zones Attached Resource Computer NETwork (ARCNET), the first LAN system and supports up to 255 nodes The different types of devices used in ARCnet are, active hub, passive hub, ARCnet card and BNC terminator Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009 Summary - III The most prominently used type of cabling for ARCnet are, coaxial cables, UTP and fiber optic Point-to-point, distributed star, bus, daisy chain are the different topologies which are suitable for ARCnet MAN uses Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) and Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) systems SMDS is a connectionless, high speed packet-switched technology used for communication over public networks DQDB is a Data-link layer communication protocol IEEE 802.6 standard uses DQDB network form The Ethernet alternatives are, Wireless LANs, Phone line networks and Power line networks Jetking Ltd. Release Infotrain 16/7/2009