Download Mobiles technolgies

Mobile Technologies and their
evolution
Eid Al Nakib
[email protected]
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
1
GSM Evolution
GSM: Stands for Global System for Mobile
Communication.
The proposed system had to meet certain criteria:
•Good subjective speech quality
•Low terminal and service cost
•Support for international roaming
•Ability to support handheld terminals
•Support for range of new services and facilities
•Spectral efficiency
•ISDN compatibility
•voice, fax, SMS and Data transmission
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
2
GSM Evolution
GSM networks would enhance packet data services
primarily in three (four) phases
General Packet Radio Services(GPRS) refers to the
first phase of GSM network architecture enhancements
that allow mobiles to connect to IP or X.25 based
networks.
The GSM/GPRS network architecture will further
evolve to support Enhanced Data Rates for GSM
Evolution (EDGE), which provides significant
improvements over GPRS.
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
3
GSM Supplementary
Services - I
• Advice of Charge: provides the mobile
subscriber with an estimate of the call charges
• Call Forwarding: This service gives the
subscriber the ability to forward incoming calls to
another number
• Barring of outgoing calls: This service makes it
possible for a mobile subscriber to present all
outgoing calls
• Barring of incoming calls: This function allows
the subscriber to prevent incoming calls
• Call Hold: This service enables the subscriber to
interrupt an ongoing call and then subsequently
reestablish the call
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
4
GSM Supplementary
Services- II
• Call Waiting: This service enables the mobile
subscriber to be notified of an incoming call. The
subscriber can answer, reject, or ignore the
incoming call
• Explicit Call Transfer
• Multiparty Service: The multiparty service
enables a mobile subscriber to establish a
multiparty conversation-that is, a simultaneous
conversation between three and six subscribers
• Closed user groups (CUGs): CUGs are
generally comparable to a PBX. They are a group
of subscribers who are capable of only calling
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
5
GSM -> GPRS -> EDGE -> CDMA
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
6
Evolution Toward Third Generation Wireless Networks
1-G / 2-G: Capable of providing voice and low-rate data networks
while air interfaces are inadequate for satisfying the high data rates
specified.
3-G requirements:
•High data rates and QoS metrics.
•GSM is far the most popular standard in the World and particularly
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
7
GSM Services - Phase 1
Service Category
Service
Comments
Teleservices
Speech
Emergency
SMS (Short Message Service)
Group 3 Fax
Asynchronous Data
Synchronous Data
Call Forward
Call Barring
Full Rate 13Kbps
Point to Point & Cell Broadcast
Bearer Services
Supplementary Services
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
300 – 9600bps
300 – 9600bps
Subscriber Busy, Not Reachable
International & Incoming Calls
8
GSM Services - Phase 2
Service Category
Service
Comments
Teleservices
Speech
Emergency
SMS (Short Message Service)
Group 3 Fax
Synchronous Packet Data Access
CLI (Calling Line Identification)
Call Waiting
Call Hold
Multiparty
USSD (Unstructured Supplementary
Service Data)
Operator Barring
Advice on charge
Half Rate 6.5Kbps
Point to Point & Cell Broadcast
Bearer Services
Supplementary Services
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
2400 – 9600bps
9
GSM Services - Phase 2+
• Primarily concerned with the improvement of
Bearer (data!) services
– Full data rate @ 14.4 kb/s
– High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD)
– General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
• Some additional supplementary services also
specified
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
10
GPRS Vs. EDGE
General Packet Radio Services
• Allows GSM mobile subscribers to connect to an IPbased or X.25-based network.
• new network elements are introduced with GPRS to
the GSM architecture
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)
• EDGE reuses the GSM/GPRS time slot structure
• 200 kHz carrier and multi-slot operation allow service
providers to deploy EDGE transceivers among existing
GSM/GPRS transceivers.
• Adaptive radio link protocol will be employed to take
advantage of the better channel quality.
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
11
GPRS MS
– Two Components
– Mobile Terminal (MT)
– SIM card
– Three Classes of terminal
– Class A - simultaneous circuit switched (GSM) and
packet switched (GPRS) traffic
– Class B- supports both GSM and GPRS
connections but not both at the same time. One
call is suspended for the duration of the other
– Class C - handless both GPRS or GSM but can
only be connected to one at the same time.
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
12
Architecture of a GSM Network
Mobile Station
Base Station
Subsystem
Network Subsystem
Other Networks
PSTN
ME
SIM
BTS
BSC
MSC/
VLR
GMSC
PLMN
EIR
SD
HLR
AUC
Internet
+
Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
13
What the names mean
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
MS: Mobile Station
BTS: Base Transceiver Station
BSC: Base Station Controller
HLR: Home Location Register
VLR: Visitor Location Register
MSC: Mobile Switching Centre
BSS: Base Station System
EIR: Equipment Identity Register
SIM: Subscriber Identity Module
IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity
GMSC: Gateway Mobile Switching Centre
AuC: Authentication Center
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
14
CDMA BASICS
• CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) splits
calls into fragments and send them over
different frequencies simultaneously
• The use of multiple frequencies gives CDMA
effective protection against interference and
lost calls
• CDMA supports true packet switching and does
not use time slots, therefore is more
bandwidth efficient than TDMA -- also a more
direct path to 3G
• Current CDMA penetration in the world market
is about 27%
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
15
Overview of cdma2000-1x System
CDMA is a new mobile communication mode.
CDMA digital mobile communication network can satisfy the requirements of the secondgeneration mobile communication system for subscriber
capacity and narrow-band services. It can also transmit smoothly to the thirdgeneration mobile communication system
Compared with GSM mobile communication system
CDMA mobile communication system provides obvious technical advantages for the
operator, CDMA mobile communication system provides high frequency usability
fine coverage and convenient frequency planning. For subscribers
CDMA mobile communication system provides fine voice quality
low disconnection rate, small transmission power and strong security.
CDMA2000 is the 3rd generation successor to IS-95 networks
It provides up to twice the capacity of earlier CDMA systems, with peak data rates
of up to 153.6 kbps in Release 0, planned to increase to 307.2 kbps in Release A.
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
16
cdma2000-1x System Solution Benefits
End to End Overall System Solution, Perfect Services Provided
>> Large Capacity, High Reliability, Flexible Configuration
>> Abundant Protocols Supported, Flexible Networking Modes
>> Provide Custom-built Services According to the Requirements of Operators
>> Support R-UIM Completely
>> Lower costs to upgrade/add capacity
cdma2000-system services capability
>> Common Telephone Services
>> Voice Mail Services
>> Fax Services
>> Alternating Voice and Fax
Bearer Services
>> 1200-14400 bit/s Asynchronous Data
>> 1200-144000 bit/s Packets Data
Alternating Voice and 1200-14400 bit/s Data
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
17
3G Systems Overview
3G Migration
SOURCE: CDMA Development Group (CDG) CDG Migration Diagram
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
18
Why do carriers want to
move to 3G?
• Faster speeds--able to handle more calls
• Efficiencies in data handling (Integration with
the Internet technologies)
• More capable, multi-media handsets and
devices
• Global interoperability and roaming*
• Advanced services and more profitable revenue
opportunities**
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
19
3G - UMTS
Mobile Station
ME
SIM
Base Station
Subsystem
BTS
BSC
Network Subsystem
MSC/
VLR
EIR
Other Networks
GMSC
PSTN
HLR
AUC
PLMN
RNS
ME
USIM
SD
+
Node
B
RNC
SGSN
GGSN
Internet
UTRAN
Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
20
Supplementary Services
>> Call Forwarding-Unconditional (CFU)
>> Call Forwarding-No Answering (CFNA)
>> Call Forwarding-Busy (CFB)
>> Call Forwarding-Default (CFD)
>> Call Waiting (CW)
>> Three-Way Call (3WC)
>> Calling Name Identification Presentation (CNIP)
>> Calling Name Identification Restriction (CNIR)
>> Do Not Disturb (DND)
>> Call Transfer (CT)
>> Voice Message Retrieval (VMR)
>> Message Waiting Notification (MWN)
>> Conference Calling (CC)
>> Voice Message Retrieval (VMR)
>> Message Waiting Notification (MWN)
>> Conference Calling (CC)
>> Subscriber PIN Access (SPINA)
>> Subscriber PIN Intercept (SPINI)
Short Message Services
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
21
Short Message Services
1)Basic Services
>> User Examination
>> Message Submitting and Forwarding
>> Repeated Forwarding Attempts
>> Message Priority Management
>> Message Validity Management
>> Message Transmission Status Report
>> Chinese Message
>> Virtual Short Message Center
>> Manual Joint
>> .Automatic Joint
2) Expanded Services
>> Multiple Destination Sending
>> Transmitting of User Defined Messages
>> Payment Prompt
>> Secretary Service
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
22
>> Mobile Email
>> Stock Information on Demand
>> Comprehensive Information on Demand
Voice Mail Service
>> Initiative Leaving Message
>> Forward Call Leaving Message
>> Short Message Notification
>> Listening to Voice Message
>> Replying Voice Message
>> Forward Voice Message
>> Build on Web Function
Intelligent Services
>> Pre-Paid Charging Service
>> Wireless Virtual Private Network
>> Wireless Freephone Services
>> Flexible Routing and Charging
>> Rejection of Undesired Annoying Calls
>> Advice of Charge
>> Premium Rate Charging
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
23
G-points in Mobile History
1G
Analog
-voice only
-inflexible
-not optimized
-very
transparent
2G
Digital/Analog
-voice (data)
-inflexible
-optimized
-transparent
3G
3.5G
Digital
-data + voice
-very flexible
-‘optimisable’
-not transparent
Digital
-more data (IP)
-very flexible
-‘optimisable’
-not transparent
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
2.5G
Digital
-voice + data
-flexible
-optimized
-transparent
4G
digital/analog?
-even
more
data
-very flexible
-‘optimisable’
-transparent
24
3rd Generation Wireless
Vision
• Extends current data applications & devices
• Enables breakthrough data services
3rd Generation
2nd Generation
Web Browsing
Full Web browsing
Streaming
Audio & Video
E-mail
E-mail w/
Attachments
Online Games
Richer
E-Commerce
Video
Telephony
Multimedia
Messaging
Music Download
E-Commerce
Telemetry
Messaging
Vertical Solutions
Vehicle Location
9.6 Kbps
28.8 Kbps
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
384 Kbps
25
New Phones Have MMS, WAP, Java
(GSM) or BREW (CDMA)
400 million plus in 2005
Mobile Technologies:
Consumer Perspective
26