Download Overview of the Program Slides

SIAC 2000 Program
1
SIAC 2000 at a Glance
AM
Lunch
PM
Mon
NOW
HPC
Tue
PVMMPI
Clusters
Wed
Condor
HPVM
Sun
Dinner
Condor
Globus Clusters
HPVM
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SIAC 2000 Materials: Book 1
• David Spector, “Building Linux
Clusters: Scaling Linux for
Scientific and Enterprise
Applications,” August 2000
• CD-ROM RedHat Linux, PVM, …
• O'Reilly & Associates, ISBN:
1565926250
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SIAC 2000 Materials: Book 2
• Rajkumar Buyya (Editor), “High
Performance Cluster Computing:
Programming and Applications”
Volume 2, June 1999
• Prentice Hall; ISBN: 0130137855
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SIAC 2000 Materials: Book 3
• Selection of papers
– Linux clusters
– Beowulf HOWTO
– PVM, MPI
• FAQs
• Handouts from speakers
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Introduction to
Cluster Computing
Prabhaker Mateti
Wright State University
Dayton, Ohio
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Overview
• High performance computing
• High throughput computing
• NOW, HPC, and HTC
• Parallel algorithms
• Software technologies
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“High Performance” Computing
• CPU clock frequency
• Parallel computers
• Alternate technologies
– Optical
– Bio
– Molecular
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“Parallel” Computing
• Traditional supercomputers
– SIMD, MIMD, pipelines
– Tightly coupled shared memory
– Bus level connections
– Expensive to buy and to maintain
• Cooperating networks of
computers
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“NOW” Computing
• Workstation
• Network
• Operating System
• Cooperation
• Distributed (Application) Programs
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Traditional Supercomputers
• Very high starting cost
– Expensive hardware
– Expensive software
• High maintenance
• Expensive to upgrade
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Traditional Supercomputers
No one is predicting their demise,
but …
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Computational Grids
are the future
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Computational Grids
“Grids are persistent environments
that enable software applications
to integrate instruments, displays,
computational and information
resources that are managed by
diverse organizations in
widespread locations.”
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Computational Grids
• Individual nodes can be
supercomputers, or NOW
• High availability
• Accommodate peak usage
• LAN : Internet :: NOW : Grid
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Globus: A Computational Grid
• Lee Liming, Argonne
• Monday,
Aug 21, 2000,
1:00 – 5:30 PM
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“NOW” Computing
• Workstation
• Network
• Operating System
• Cooperation
• Distributed+Parallel Programs
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Workstation? PC? Mac?
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“Workstation Operating System”
• Authenticated users
• Protection of resources
• Multiple processes
• Preemptive scheduling
• Virtual Memory
• Hierarchical file systems
• Network centric
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Network
• Ethernet
– 10 Mbps obsolete
– 100 Mbps common
– 1000 Mbps desired
• Protocols
– TCP/IP
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Cooperation
• Workstations are “personal”
• Others use slows you down
•…
• Willing to share
• Willing to trust
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Distributed Programs
• Spatially distributed programs
– A part here, a part there, …
– Parallel
– Synergy
• Temporally distributed programs
– Compute half today, half tomorrow
– Combine the results at the end
• Migratory programs
– Have computation, will travel
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Technological Bases of
Distributed+Parallel Programs
• Spatially distributed programs
– Message passing
• Temporally distributed programs
– Shared memory
• Migratory programs
– Serialization of data and programs
23
Distributed Shared Memory
• “Simultaneous” read/write access
by spatially distributed processors
• Abstraction layer of an
implementation built from
message passing primitives
• Semantics not so clean
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Technological Bases for
Migratory programs
• Same CPU architecture
– X86, PowerPC, MIPS, SPARC, …, JVM
• Same OS + environment
• Be able to “checkpoint”
– suspend, and
– then resume computation
– without loss of progress
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Development of
Distributed+Parallel Programs
• New code + algorithms
• Old programs rewritten in new
languages that have distributed
and parallel primitives
• Parallelize legacy code
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New Programming Languages
• With distributed and parallel
primitives
• Functional languages
• Logic languages
• Data flow languages
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Parallel Programming Languages
• based on the shared-memory
model
• based on the distributed-memory
model
• parallel object-oriented languages
• parallel functional programming
languages
• concurrent logic languages
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PVM, and MPI
• Message passing primitives
• Can be embedded in many existing
programming languages
• Architecturally portable
• Open-sourced implementations
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PVM, and MPI
• Prabhaker Mateti, WSU
• Tuesday
Aug 22, 2000
8:30 – 12:00
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OpenMP
• Distributed shared memory API
• Implementations: Real soon now
• http://www.openmp.org/
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SPMD
• Single program, multiple data
• Contrast with SIMD
• Same program runs on multiple
nodes
• May or may not be lock-step
• Nodes may be of different speeds
• Barrier synchronization
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Condor
• Cooperating workstations
• Migratory programs
– Checkpointing
– Remote IO
• Resource matching
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Condor
• Prabhaker Mateti, WSU
• Wednesday
Aug 22, 2000
8:30 – 12:00
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Clusters of Workstations
• Inexpensive alternative to
traditional supercomputers
• High availability
– Lower down time
– Easier access
• Development platform with
production runs on traditional
supercomputers
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Linux Clusters
• Kumaran Kalyanasundaram, SGI
• Monday Aug 21, 2000
6:30 – 9:00 PM
• Tuesday Aug 22, 2000
1:00 – 5:30 PM
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HPVM Clusters
• Mario Lauria
• Wednesday
Aug 23, 2000
1:00 – 4:00 PM
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