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P.702 Internet Protocol version 6 - Opportunities for Service Providers and PNOs - End-User Bandwidth on Demand - Telebit Communications A/S [email protected] March 1998 1 Partner Profile Telebit • Europe’s only independent router manufacturer • Design and shipment of ATM Switches and MPR Routers • Technological leadership in the integration of routing and switching focusing on IPv6 and ATM University of Lancaster • IPv6 centre of expertise • Multi-media R&D 2 Partner Profile 3 Partner Profile UNI-C: 4 Why IPv6 ? IPv4 Problems: • Lack of class B IPv4 address space => CIDR addressing • Circa 1,800 active Autonomous Systems • Inject nearly 43,000 Routable Prefixes • Inadequate address aggregation • Ballooning BGP databases, and Router memory exhaustion • Increased forwarding table look up time • Ubiquitous but simplistic 5 Why IPv6 ? • Expanded Routing and Addressing capabilities – Relief of address shortage – Support of more addressing hierarchy – Addition of anycast address to give multicast efficiencies • Header length fixed to 40 bytes – 64 bits + 128 bits source & destination address – Easier to process in hardware and easier to compress. • Improved support for Options – Use of Extension Headers and improved coding give more efficient forwarding • Multihoming possibilities – Enables users to switch between providers (auto-readdressing) – Offers increased security and cost optimisation 6 Why IPv6 ? IPv6 Mandates Auto-Address Configuration: • IPv4 Configuration Process : 1) IPv4 Address 2) Default Gateway 3) Subnet Mask / Prefix Number 4) Domain Name Server and Domain Name 5) Solutions => Bootstrap (Static) & DHCP (Dynamic / Server based • IPv6 Configuration Process: 1) Neighbor Discovery (stateless configuration) 2) DHCPv6 (statefull configuration) 7 Why IPv6 ? Security: • IPv4 Security Problems: 1) Denial of service attack (BGP / RIP hijacking) 2) Address spoofing 3) Use of source routing defeats address authentication • IPv6 Security: 1) Mandated at the Kernel level => IPSEC 2) Authentication Header (Default to MD5) 3) Encryption ( Default to DES-CBC) 4) Security Parameter Index (Defines non-default security association) 5) Repudiation features 8 Why IPv6 ? IPv6 QoS Advantages: • QoS becoming an issue as real time services emerge: 1) Need for lower latency and jitter, but improved tolerance to lost packets 2) Less emphasis on re-transmission of lost data 3) More emphasis on timing relationships (time-stamping) • 20-bit Flow Label enables identification of traffic flows • Class of Service field to manage conflicts • RSVP used by routers to deal with requests 9 Why IPv6 ? Customers and Partners: •Tele Denmark (DK) •DSC Communications (US/DK) •UNI-C (DK) •European Commission (EU) •France Telecom (F) •Eurescom (EU) •Internet For Business (UK) •Microsoft (US) •DFN (D) •Ellemtel (S) •NIST (US) •University of Lancaster •CSELT (IT) •FAA (US) •ARINC (US) •AEROTHAI (THAI) •Nav Canada (CAN) •Politecnico di Torino •EENET •LATNET •LITNET •ARNES 10 IPv6 - The Killer App ? Objectives: End-User Bandwidth on Demand over multiple backbone technologies (P.702) Partners: Consortia of 23 European Telcos (Sponsor) University of Lancaster (Application development) Telebit Commications A/S (Router development) 11 P.702 - Objectives Motivators and Objectives: • Most general voice/video/data services available with IP • Need for user-initiated multiple service levels with QoS/CoS • Integration of IP services with all backbone/trunking technologies • Needed to make optimum use of network resources and facilitate growth in multimedia services. – Doesn’t ADSL promise 6 Mbps to everyone ? – But how will the backbone network carry traffic ? 12 P.702 - How it works The Concept: Cut-through Data Policy Flow spec Policy Internet Signal decision D Signal data D ATM ISDN © Eurescom 13 P.702 - How it works The Demonstrator: Marlin 3030 Marlin 3030 Public switched ISDN network ISDN1 ISDN2 IPv4 Router IPv4 Router Ethernet Ethernet H1 H3 DP1 ATM Line (155 Mbps) ATM Line (155 Mbps) ATM Switch IPv6 Router Ethernet DP3 IPv6 Router 1xTBC2000/3 1xTBC118 1xTBC107 1xTBI104 SWIP & SWATM 1xTBC2000/3 2xTBC118 2xTBI104 1xTBB102D SWIP & SWATM Serial Line 1xTBC2000/3 1xTBC118 1xTBC107 1xTBI104 SWIP & SWATM Ethernet Serial Line DP2 IPv6 Router 1xTBC2000/3 1xTBC101 SWIP Ethernet © Eurescom DP: Decision Point H : Host (PC or Sun SPARC) H2 14 P.702 - How it works 1) Customer selects video from menu, and clicks on PLAY 2) Client in host signals to the server to start video Video Select Service Select Video 1 Video 2 Video 3 Video 4 Video 5 Default Bronze Silver Gold Platinum PLAY 15 P.702 - How it works 3) Video server starts and assigns random IPv6 flow label. This is combined with the source address => unique Flow ID 4) Client initiates RSVP sequence signalling reqd BW to server 5) Server sends RSVP PATH_MESSAGE, signalling the BW requirement to the first Decision Point (DP1). 6) PATH_MESSAGE routed using QoS Routing Table mapping BW to port no. 7) Path through network installed. 16 P.702 - How it works QOS Routing table: Source Prefix Dest Prefix BW Max xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx Interface Next Hop Min 64K 8K Internet 2M 64K ISDN 8M 2M ATM :: :: :: 17 P.702 - How it works 8) Client then sends reservation message back through network following the initial RSVP PATH_MESSAGE 9) Remote Decision Point then sets up connection and installs reservation 10) All subsequent packets with identical Flow ID are identified and forwarded using the Reservation Table - RSVP scaleability problems avoided by using its end-end signalling properties, rather than hop by hop reservation features - Note: Service provision under the control of policy and subscription information held by a PNO controlled NMC. 18 P.702 - How it works 19 P.702 - How it works 20 P.702 - Other Technologies CISCOs tag switching /IPSILON’S IP flows: • • • • Work at an IP level with few ATM / FR / ISDN possibilities Signalling not extended to the user, so no bandwidth on demand facility Focus on priority access to finite resource - overbooking problems not resolved Do not consider ITU / ATM forum standards, thus ill suited to broader telco environments • Until MPLS is ratified by the IETF, they are proprietary solutions • Little opportunity for system administrator to control user access • Rely on point-point soft-state connections throughout a network, and distribution of QoS information - scalability ? 21 IPv6/P.702 - Conclusion • Could revolutionise relationship between PNO & End-User • Requires no specific link-layer technology • Facilitates new and differentiated services: – High bandwidth on demand with existing infrastructures – Real time services (Voice over IP / Video) – Multicast services • • • • Options for spontaneous purchase of BW Could easily be deployed Standards based implementation Software developed by group available for experimentation 22