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Transcript
Lesson 11 Coexistence and Migration Understanding IPv6 Slide: 1 Lesson Objectives Coexistence and migration overview Coexistence mechanisms Tunneling configurations 6over4 6to4 ISATAP PortProxy Migrating to IPv6 Understanding IPv6 Slide: 2 Coexistence and Migration Overview The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 will take years Some hosts will use IPv4 indefinitely Migration is the long term goal, coexistence in the interim Transition criteria: Existing IPv4 hosts can be upgraded at any time independent of the upgrade of other hosts or routers New hosts using only IPv6 can be added at any time without dependencies on other hosts or routing infrastructure Existing IPv4 hosts with IPv6 installed can continue to use their IPv4 address and do not need additional addresses Little preparation is needed to upgrade existing IPv4 nodes to IPv6 or to deploy new IPv6 nodes Understanding IPv6 Slide: 3 Node Types IPv4-only node IPv6-only node IPv6/IPv4 node IPv4 node IPv6 node Understanding IPv6 Slide: 4 Compatibility Addresses IPv4-compatible addresses IPv4-mapped addresses Interface ID of ::WWXX:YYZZ 6to4 addresses ::FFFF:w.x.y.z 6over4 addresses ::w.x.y.z Prefix of 2002:WWXX:YYZZ::/48 ISATAP addresses Interface ID of ::0:5EFE:w.x.y.z Understanding IPv6 Slide: 5 Coexistence Mechanisms Dual IP layer IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling DNS infrastructure Understanding IPv6 Slide: 6 Dual IP Layer Architecture Application Layer Transport Layer (TCP/UDP) IPv6 IPv4 Network Interface Layer Understanding IPv6 Slide: 7 Dual Stack Architecture Application Layer TCP/UDP TCP/UDP IPv6 IPv4 Network Interface Layer Understanding IPv6 Slide: 8 IPv6 over IPv4 Tunneling IPv6 Packet IPv4 Header IPv6 Header Extension Headers Upper Layer Protocol Data Unit IPv6 Header Extension Headers Upper Layer Protocol Data Unit IPv4 Packet Understanding IPv6 Slide: 9 DNS Infrastructure Address records Pointer records A records for IPv4 nodes AAAA records for IPv6 nodes PTR records in IN-ADDR.ARPA domain for IPv4 nodes PTR records in IP6.INT domain for IPv6 nodes Address selection rules Choosing the “best” set of addresses with which to communicate Understanding IPv6 Slide: 10 Tunneling Configurations Router-to-Router Host-to-Router and Router-to-Host Host-to-Host Understanding IPv6 Slide: 11 Router-to-Router Tunneling IPv4 or IPv6 Infrastructure IPv4 Infrastructure IPv4 or IPv6 Infrastructure IPv6 over IPv4 Tunnel IPv6 Node IPv6 Node IPv6/IPv4 Router IPv6/IPv4 Router Understanding IPv6 Slide: 12 Host-to-Router and Router-to-Host Tunneling IPv4 Infrastructure IPv4 or IPv6 Infrastructure Node A Node B IPv6 over IPv4 Tunnel IPv6/IPv4 IPv6 IPv6/IPv4 Router Understanding IPv6 Slide: 13 Host-to-Host Tunneling IPv4 Infrastructure IPv6 over IPv4 Tunnel IPv6/IPv4 Node IPv6/IPv4 Node Understanding IPv6 Slide: 14 Types of Tunnels Configured Automatic Manual configuration of tunnel endpoints Tunnel endpoints determined from use of logical tunnel interfaces, routes, and source and destination IPv6 addresses IPv6 Automatic Tunneling Uses IPv4-compatible addresses Understanding IPv6 Slide: 15 6over4 Overview Host-to-host, host-to-router, and router-to-host automatic tunneling technology 6over4 address: [64-bit prefix]::WWXX:YYZZ Link-local 6over4 address FE80::WWXX:YYZZ 6over4 treats an IPv4 multicastenabled infrastructure as a single multicast-capable link Used for unicast and multicast IPv6 traffic over an IPv4 infrastructure Understanding IPv6 Slide: 16 6over4 IPv4 Multicast-Enabled Infrastructure Host A Host B 6over4 Host 6over4 Host IPv6 Infrastructure IPv6/IPv4 Router Logical Equivalent Host B IPv6 Infrastructure Host A IPv6/IPv4 Router Understanding IPv6 Slide: 17 Source and Target Link-Layer Address Options for 6over4 Type Length Address =1 Zero Understanding IPv6 IPv4 Address Slide: 18 6to4 Overview Address assignment and router-torouter automatic tunneling technology 6to4 address: 2002:WWXX:YYZZ:[SLA ID]:[Interface ID] 6to4 treats the IPv4 Internet as a single link Used for unicast traffic over the IPv4 Internet Understanding IPv6 Slide: 19 6to4 Components 6to4 Relay Router IPv6/IPv4 IPv6 Internet IPv6 Host D IPv6-only 6to4 Host C IPv6/IPv4 Internet Site 2 6to4 Router IPv6/IPv4 6to4 Router IPv6/IPv4 6to4 Host A IPv6/IPv4 6to4 Host B IPv6/IPv4 Site 1 Understanding IPv6 Slide: 20 6to4 Support in Windows With public IPv4 address, automatic configuration as a 6to4 host/router Able to communicate with other 6to4 sites Able to communicate with IPv6 Internet With ICS, automatic configuration as a 6to4 router Enables forwarding Sends routing advertisements with 6to4 prefixes SLA ID = Interface index of intranet interface Understanding IPv6 Slide: 21 6to4 for Windows 6to4 Relay Router IPv6/IPv4 IPv6 Internet IPv6 Host D IPv6-only 6to4 Host C IPv6/IPv4 Internet Site 3 Site 2 6to4 Router 6to4 Host/Router E IPv6/IPv4 IPv6/IPv4 6to4 Router IPv6/IPv4 6to4 Host A IPv6/IPv4 6to4 Host B IPv6/IPv4 Site 1 Understanding IPv6 Slide: 22 ISATAP Overview Address assignment and host-to-host, host-to-router, and router-to-host automatic tunneling technology ISATAP addresses: [64-bit prefix]:0:5EFE:w.x.y.z ISATAP treats an IPv4 infrastructure as a single link Used for unicast traffic across an IPv4 intranet Understanding IPv6 Slide: 23 Link-Local ISATAP Configuration ISATAP Host A FE80::5EFE:10.40.1.29 IPv4 Infrastructure ISATAP Host B FE80::5EFE:192.168.41.30 Understanding IPv6 Slide: 24 ISATAP Router Configuration Example prefix: 3FFE:2900:D005:7::/64 IPv6 network IPv4 Infrastructure ISATAP Router ISATAP Host B 3FFE:2900:D005:7:5EFE:192.168.41.30 ISATAP router Responds to tunneled router solicitations from ISATAP hosts Forward traffic between ISATAP hosts and other IPv6 subnets Understanding IPv6 Slide: 25 ISATAP and 6to4 Example ISATAP Host A 2002:9D36:1:2:0:5EFE:192.168.12.9 192.168.12.9 Site A IPv4 Infrastructure Part 1 192.168.204.1 6to4 Router A IPv6/IPv4 157.54.0.1 Internet Part 2 131.107.0.1 6to4 Router B IPv6/IPv4 192.168.39.1 Site B IPv4 Infrastructure Part 3 192.168.141.30 ISATAP Host B 2002:836B:1:2:0:5EFE:192.168.141.30 Understanding IPv6 Slide: 26 PortProxy Service TCP proxy for: IPv4 to IPv4 IPv4 to IPv6 IPv4-only host can communicate with IPv6-only server or application IPv6 to IPv6 IPv6 to IPv4 IPv4-only host can communicate with IPv6-only server or application Use to “IPv6-enable” IPv4-only applications running on a Windows .NET Server computer Understanding IPv6 Slide: 27 PortProxy Coexistence Scenarios An IPv4-only node can access an IPv6only node An IPv6-only node can access an IPv4only node An IPv6 node can access an IPv4-only service running on an IPv6/IPv4 node Understanding IPv6 Slide: 28 Migrating to IPv6 1. Upgrade your applications to be independent of IPv4 or IPv6 2. Update the DNS infrastructure to support IPv6 addresses and PTR records 3. Upgrade hosts to IPv4/IPv6 nodes 4. Upgrade routing infrastructure for native IPv6 routing 5. Convert IPv4/IPv6 nodes to IPv6-only nodes Understanding IPv6 Slide: 29 Review Coexistence and migration overview Coexistence mechanisms Tunneling configurations 6over4 6to4 ISATAP PortProxy Migrating to IPv6 Understanding IPv6 Slide: 30