Download Computer Literacy for IC3

Computer Literacy for
3
IC
Unit 3: Living Online
Chapter 1:
Understanding the Internet
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
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© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Learning Outcomes
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Identify how traditional telephone systems work
Identify why the Internet was created
Identify how packets are labeled
Identify how packet switching works
Identify relationships between computers in a
Local Area Network
• Identify how computers are connected
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Learning Outcomes (cont’d)
• Identify characteristics of a Wide Area Network
• Identify types of cables and their characteristics
• Identify how networks are connected to make
super networks
• Identify the parts of an Internet address
• Search online for available domain names
• Identify the role of a domain name server
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Learning Outcomes (cont’d)
• Identify functions of computers on the Internet as
hosts, gateways, and routers
• Identify the benefits and risks of networking
• Identify the relationship between the Internet
and the World Wide Web
• Identify the functions of a gateway and an
Internet Service Provider
• Identify measurements used to describe
transmission rates
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Learning Outcomes (cont’d)
• Identify methods of connecting to the Internet via
a telephone company
• Identify methods of connecting to the Internet via
a cable television company
• Identify methods of connecting to the Internet via
a wireless radio or satellite company
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Learning Outcomes (cont’d)
• Identify the organization that coordinates domain
names
• Identify elements of the code of ethical conduct
of system administrators
• Identify the characteristics of strong passwords
• Identify the function of a firewall
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Traditional Phone Systems
• Circuit Switching
• wires leading back to a
central office
• Star Configuration
• Switchboard Operator
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
System to Survive Major Losses
• Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
• Created by J.C.R. Licklider in 1962
• Concept of a “Galactic Network”
• Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
(ARPANET)
• Network of Networks
• Keep one path alive
• Computer provided millions of instructions per second
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
TCP/IP – Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol
• Data divided into small packets
• Consisting of bits (b) and bytes (B)
• Checksum – sum of numbers in packet
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Data Travels – Increased Survival
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
TCP/IP
• Protocol
• Groups of rules used to manage data exchange
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Enables users to transfer files between computers
• Telnet
• Enables users to logon to remote computer
• E-mail (1972)
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Networks of Computers
• Local Area Network (LAN)
• Small geographical connection of PCs to share files
and resources (printers, scanners, etc).
• Each element is a node
• Connected to a network server
• Peer-to-Peer network
• Computers are connected directly to each other
without a server
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Servers on a Network
• File server – storing and retrieving files
• Print server – coordinating use of a shared
printer
• Web server – storing and providing Web pages
• Database server – interpreting requests and
retrieving data from a database
• Mail server – managing electronic mail
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Client – Server Relationship
• Client
• A computer connected
to a server in a
client/server network
• Server
• A computer that
manages a network and
all its devices
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Methods of Connections
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Infrared (IR)
Twisted pair
Coaxial cable
Wireless
Fiber optic cable
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Type
Cost
Distance
Security Speed
Twisted
Pair
Lowest
<100
meters
Good
Good
Coax
Medium
100-500
meters
Good
Good
Radio
(wireless)
Low
Up to
miles
Poor
Fair
Infrared
Low
Short and
line of
sight
Excellent
Excellent
Fiber
optic
High
Many
miles
Excellent
Excellent
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Network Wire Codes
• 10BASE-T
• 10 – indicates speed = 10
MBPS
• T – indicates twisted pair
• 10BASE-T4
• 4 – indicates 4 twisted
pairs
• 1000BASE-T
• 1000 MBPS
• 10Base-2
• (Thin Coax)
• 10Base-5
• (Thickwire Coax)
• 10Base-F
• (Fiber)
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Wide Area Networks (WAN)
• Further apart than a hundred meters
• Connections
• Twisted pair for short distances (inside buildings or
small offices)
• Broadband coax, fiber optic, or radio for intermediate
distances
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Connections Between Networks
• Bridge
• Used to send and receive data when networks are
connected and use the same protocols
• Gateway
• Used to send and receive data when networks are
connected and use different protocols
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Addresses on the Internet
World Wide Web
• http://www.australia.gov.au
http
Protocol
australia
Domain name
gov
g (TLD)
Generic Top Level
Domain
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
au
cc (TLD)
Country
Code Top
Level
Domain
Role of Domain Name System
• Host
• Internet Protocol (IP) address
• Domain Name System (DNS)
• Domain Name Server
• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
and Numbers (ICANN)
• Registry
• Internet Service Provider (ISP)
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Internet Backbone
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Birth of World Wide Web
• Browser
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Mosaic
Netscape
Microsoft Internet Explorer
Mozilla Firefox
Apple’s Safari
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• <b>hello<b> - the word hello bolded
• Hyperlinks – www.weather.com
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Connecting to the Internet
• Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• Modem
• Wired
• Wireless
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Connections
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Dial-up Telephone Service
DSL Telephone Service
T1 Telephone Service
Cable Modem/Television
Service
• ISP by Radio (Wireless)
• Satellite
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Financing and Controlling
• Paying for Backbone Services
• Increase in Usage
• Large Bandwidth for videos and pictures
• Caps on Data
• Monthly caps
• Cell phone usage
• Coordination of Domain Names
(ICANN)
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Security and Ethics
• Usernames
• Unique name on the
network
• May be known, but should
not be shared
• Passwords
• Easily remembered but not
easily guessed
• Change periodically
• Must be safeguarded
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Network Administrator’s Ethical Code
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Professional behavior
Personal Integrity
Privacy
Laws and Policies
• Communication
• System Integrity
• Education
• Responsibility
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Firewall
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.
QUESTIONS & ASSIGNMENTS
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.