Download Mobile Commerce

Bab 5
TRANSAKSI DAN
E-DAGANG
E-Dagang
E-Perniagaan
Perdagangan bergerak (Mobile Commerce)
Pertukaran Data Elektronik
Mekanisme Pembayaran
Internet
Rangkaian luas sedunia yg menggunakan model
pengkomputeran pelayan/pelanggan dan model
rujukan TCP/IP
Merupakan cara yang berkesan bagi individu dan
organisasi utk menawarkan maklumat dan produk
melalui antaramuka pengguna grafik web mudah
guna diseluruh dunia
Faedah Internet kepada Organisasi
Kebersambungan dan capaian global
Mengurangkan kos komunikasi
Kos urusniaga yang lebih rendah
Mengurangkan kos agensi
Interaktif, anjal, dan penyesuaian
Mempercepatkan pengedaran pengetahuan
Internet & Perdagangan Elektronik
Internet menyediakan satu set teknologi yg sedia
ada untuk perdagangan elektronik yg boleh
digunakan utk mewujudkan laman-laman baru
bagi pasaran, jualan dan sokongan pelanggan
dan menghapuskan orang tengah semasa urusan
jual beli.
Model-model Perniagaan Internet
KATEGORI
CONTOH
Kedai hadapan maya
Amazon.com, Virtual Vineyards, Security
First, Network Bank
Penumpu tempat elektronik
Internet mail, DealerNet, Industrial
Marketplace, InsureMarket
Broker maklumat
PartNet, Travelocity, Auto-by-Tel
Broker transaksi
E*Trade, Ameritrade
Rumah penjelasan elektronik
Bid.com, OnSale
Lelongan elektronik
Priceline.com
Penghantaran produk digital
Build-a-Card, PhotoDisc, Sonic Net
Penyedia kandungan
Wall Street Journal, Interactive,
Quote.com, Tripod
Penyedia khidmat secara tahan
Cyber Media, Tune Up.com
E-Commerce
E-Commerce
Doing business online
The online process of developing, marketing,
selling, delivering, servicing, and paying for
products & services transacted on
internetworked, global marketplaces of
customers, with the support of a worldwide
network of business partners.
More than on-line shopping, encompasses other
business activities
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
Categories of Electronic Commerce
• Business-to-customer (B2C): Retailing
of products and services directly to
individual customers
• Business-to-business (B2B): Sales of
goods and services among businesses
• Consumer-to-consumer (C2C):
Individuals use Web for private sales or
exchange
B2C
Location is not a factor
Must build customer satisfaction, loyalty, &
relationships
Success factors
Selection and value
Offer a good selection of attractive products and services
Build a reputation for high quality, guaranteed satisfaction,
and top customer support
Performance and service
Site must be efficiently designed for ease of access,
shopping, and buying
Service must be friendly and helpful
B2C
Success factors
Look and feel
Attractive storefront, shopping areas, and multimedia product catalogs
Advertising and incentives
Targeted, personalized ads
Incentives include
– Coupons, Discounts, Special offers, Vouchers for other web services
Personal attention
Encourages customers to buy and make return visits
Welcomed by name, Greeted with special offers
Guided to the parts of the site that you are most interested in
Relationship building
B2C
Success factors
Community relationship
a feeling of belonging to a unique community
Virtual communities
– Discussion forums, Newsgroups, Chat rooms, Message boards
– Cross-links to related web communities
Security and reliability
Customers must feel confident regarding the security of
their…
– Credit card, Personal information, Transaction details
Must feel that you are dealing with a trustworthy business.
Reliability: information asymmetry
B2B
The wholesale and supply side of the commercial
process
Businesses buy, sell, or trade with other
businesses
Includes…
Electronic data interchange
Electronic funds transfer
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
Benefits to the Consumer
Cost/
Sweate
r
Manufacturer
Manufacturer
Manufacturer
Distributor
Retailer
Customer
$48.50
Retailer
Customer
$40.34
Customer
$20.45
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
Electronic Commerce Information Flows
E-Commerce Revenue Model
How is google making money?
How is yahoo making money?
How is amazon.com making money?
How is 50below.com making money?
E-business
E BUSINESS
The use of nearly any information technologies or
systems to support the business.
The use of Internet technologies to internetwork and
empower business processes, Electronic commerce,
and, Enterprise communication & collaboration within a
company & with its customers, suppliers, & other
business stakeholders.
Is not synonymous with e-commerce. It is much broader
in scope, going beyond transactions to signify the use of
the internet. Any type of business activities.
Benefits of Intranet
Connectivity: accessible from most computing
platforms
Can be tied to internal corporate systems and core
transaction databases
Can create interactive applications
Scalable to larger or smaller computing platforms
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM
Benefits of Intranets
Easy-to-use, universal Web interface
Low start-up costs
Richer, more responsive information environment
Reduced information distribution costs
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM
Functional Applications of Intranet
Finance and accounting
Human resources
Sales and marketing
Manufacturing and production
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM
Functional Applications of Intranets
Figure 4-8
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM
Finance and Accounting
General ledger reporting
Project costing
Annual reports
Budgeting
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM
Human Resources
Company
On-line publishing of corporate policy
Job postings and internal job transfers
Company telephone directories, and training
Employees
Healthcare
Employee savings
Competency tests
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM
Sales and Marketing
Competitor analysis
Price updates
Promotional campaigns
Sales presentations
Sales contracts
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM
Manufacturing and Production
Quality measurements
Maintenance schedules
Design specifications
Machine outputs
Order tracking
Mobile Commerce
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
M-Commerce and Next Generation Marketing
Mobile commerce (m-commerce):
• Wireless devices used to conduct both
business-to-consumer and business-tobusiness e-commerce transactions over
the Internet
• Extend personalization by delivering new
value-added services directly to
customers at any time and place
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
Customer Personalization
Figure 4-4
Electronic Data Interchange
Electronic Data Interchange
Enables the computer-to computer exchange
between two organizations of standard
transaction
Examples:
Transactions are through the network, eliminating
the printing and handling of paper at one end and
the inputting of data at the other
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
Business-To-Business Electronic Commerce
Automation of purchase, sale transactions
from business to business
• Private industrial networks (private
exchanges): Coordination between
companies for efficient supply chain
management and collaborative activities
• The network is owned by the buyer and it
permits the firm and designated suppliers,
distributors and others business partners to
share product design and development,
marketing and others
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
A Private Industrial Network
Figure 4-5
Net marketplaces: On-line marketplaces, pointto-point connections, integrated information
Also called e-hubs : provide a single digital
marketplace based on Internet technology for
many different buyers and sellers
more transaction oriented than private industrial
network, generating revenue from purchase and
sale transactions and other services provided to
clients
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
A Net Marketplace
Figure 4-6
Electronic Payment Processes
Electronic Payment Processes
Processes are complex
Near anonymous nature of transactions
Security issues
Wide variety of debit and credit alternatives
Wide variety of financial institutions and intermediaries
Web payment processes
Credit cards
Purchase orders
Electronic shopping chart
Electronic Payment Processes
Electronic funds transfer (EFT)
Uses a variety of IT to capture and process money and
credit transfers between banks and businesses and
their customers
ATMs
Pay-by-phone
Web-based
– PayPal & Bill Point (cash transfers)
– CheckFree and PayTrust (automatic bill paying services)
Electronic bill payment
Point-of-sale terminals linked to bank EFT systems
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
Electronic Commerce Payment Systems
PAYMENT SYSTEM
DESCRIPTION
DIGITAL CREDIT CARD
PAYMENT
SECURE SERVICES FOR CREDIT CARD PAYMENTS
ON INTERNET
DIGITAL WALLET
SOFTWARE STORES CREDIT CARD AND OTHER
INFORMATION
ACCUMULATED BALANCE
PAYMENT SYSTEM
ACCUMULATES MICROPAYMENT PURCHASES AS
DEBIT BALANCE TO BE PAID PERIODICALLY
STORED VALUE PAYMENT
SYSTEMS
ENABLES CONSUMERS TO MAKE INSTANT PAYMENTS
BASED ON VALUE STORED IN DIGITAL ACCOUNT
DIGITAL CASH
DIGITAL CURRENCY USED FOR MICROPAYMENTS OR
LARGER PURCHASES
PEER-TO-PEER PAYMENT
SYSTEMS
SENDS MONEY VIA WEB TO PERSONS OR VENDORS
NOT SET UP TO ACCEPT CREDIT CARD PAYMENTS
DIGITAL CHECKING
PROVIDES ELECTRONIC CHECK WITH SECURE
DIGITAL SIGNATURE
ELECTRONIC BILLING
PRESENTMENT &
PAYMENT
SUPPORTS ELECTRONIC PAYMENT FOR ONLINE AND
PHYSICAL STORE PURCHASES
Introduction
What is Enterprise Information Portal?
Benefit
CIGNA.com Enterprise Portal
About CIGNA
Benefits
Recommendation
Introduction
What is Enterprise Information Portal?
The Enterprise Information Portal (EIP) is a concept for a Web
site that serves as a single gateway to a company's
information and knowledge base for employees and possibly
for customers, business partners, and the general public as
well
In one model, an EIP is made up of these elements:
Access/Search,
Categorization,
Collaboration,
Personalization,
Expertise and profiling,
Application integration,
Security
Benefits of Portals
Increase Productivity and Efficiency
Integrate information and applications in central location with single and
simple User Interface (UI).
Eliminate info glut through centralized organization and clean
presentation.
Speed revisioning, improve time-to-market through closer collaboration.
Increase Employee Satisfaction
Provide self-service access to benefits info, company news, employee
directory, training, IT helpdesk, travel booking;
Find information fast — better UI, personalization.
Improve Communication and Collaboration
Cost-effective platform for corporate communications, company/industry
news;
Speed decision-making, work across functions and geographies;
Eliminate redundant processes, preventable mistakes.
Benefits of Portals
Reduce Costs
Reduce demands on IT, administrative costs of redundant processes;
Save money from printing and distribution by publishing directly to the
intranet;
Roll out new applications and services faster without associated training
costs.
Create New Revenue Opportunities
Build and foster customer relationships;
Increase sales through new direct channel;
Offer "sticky" services that build loyalty within existing customer base
About CIGNA.com
CIGNA was formed in 1982 through the combination of INA
Corporation and Connecticut General Corporation. Our name
mixes the letters INA and CG together. Today, CIGNA's service
mark, the Tree of Life, symbolizes the corporation's culture,
mission and products. Like a strong and healthy tree, CIGNA
has deep roots
For more than 125 years, the CIGNA companies have been
helping people lead healthier, more secure lives. CIGNA
Corporation's subsidiaries are leading providers of employee
benefits in the United States. Their products and services
include managed and indemnity health care coverage; group
life, accident and disability insurance; retirement services; and
investment management. They also offer life insurance and
employee benefits in selected international markets.
CIGNA.com
Benefits of CIGNA.com
Improved Customer Satisfaction
With the personalization and self-service capabilities of the
portal, CIGNA plan participants can manage their retirement
plans and access their health care information online.
Instantly review medical and dental claims to better
manage their health plans
Perform online transactions, such as ordering medications
or choosing a doctor
Manage their retirement and investment accounts,
including view balance details, move 401(k) funds between
accounts and change contributions
Access a consolidated, interactive snapshot of their
investment plans
Receive personalized health and investment
Questions
Thanks You