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Autonomous Tele-Information Network for Power Systems Switchgear Equipment e-Diagnostics A. Lisowiec1, A. Nowakowski1, Z. Kołodziejczyk1, B. Miedziński2 1Centre For Tele-Information Systems and Hardware Applications, Tele and Radio Research Institute 2Institute of Electric Power Engineering, Wrocław University of Technology The research work presented in this paper is part of a development project cofounded by European Union within the European Union Structural Funds, POIG (Operational Programme Innovative Economy), project number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08. Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Reasons for developing a comprehensive system for Circuit Breaker diagnosis • • • Circuit breakers have to be reliable since the safety of power network operation depends directly on them, Circuit breakers are the elements of power network that are more susceptible to damage than other equipment, Circuit breakers are expensive to replace Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Basic requirements on the diagnostic system • • • • The diagnosis of the CB has to be done on-line basing on the signals available during normal operation, Data acquisition has to be carried out by devices that can also perform other functions like protection relay, The transmission of all data within the system has to be carried out according to IEC 61850 standard, The decision/diagnosis of the CB has to be carried out autonomously by the network without any interference from human operator Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND System architecture SUBSTATION 1 SUBSTATION ETHERNET BUS CT D CT D CONC CB GWAY CB TCT/IP TCT/IP TCT/IP INTERNET SUBSTATION 2 TCT/IP TCT/IP REMOTE OPERATOR CORPORATE CONTROL CENTRE SUBSTATION N CDB Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Control device, CTD, architechture CB SIGNAL CONDITIONING D/A TRANSMISSION MICROPROCESOR CONVERTER CONTROLLING DEVICE CIRCUIT PROTECTION FUNCTIONS Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 ETHERNET CONTROLLER EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Conventional method of CB monitoring Signals acquired from Circuit Breaker can be grouped according to different criteria: 1. analog signals, 2. digital signals 1. high speed signals, 2. slowly varying signals Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 1. signals at high voltage, 2. signals at low voltage EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Main signals acquired from CB • • • auxiliary contact signals: • truck position contacts, • main spring tension state contact sensor signals, • eg. sulfur hexafluoride pressere sensor signal, • vibration signals, • temperature measurement sensors, dc voltages Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Main signals acquired from CB • • • • • • • phase currents, currents and voltages of tripping and closing coils, movement monitoring sensors signals, acceleration sensors signals, digital signals, open initiate, close initiate, Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Concentrator software architecture DIGITAL FILTERING MODULE SIGNAL PARAMETRIZATION MODULE EXSPERT SYSTEM MODULE ALARMS NOTIFICATION AND REPORT GENERATION MODULE Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Signal parametrization methods • Digital filtering, • Resampling in digital domain – for protection functions realization, • Decimation – for recorder purposes, • Spectrum analysis, FFT, • Wavelet analysis Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Analysis of current and voltage signals • • • • Contacts bounce time, Contact opening time and its dependence on load current, Contact closing time and its dependence on load current, Simultaneity of contacts closing in three phases and its dependence on load current, Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Analysis of current and voltage signals, cnt. • • Contact closing time averaged over last 10 operations, Contact closing time averaged over last 10 operations, Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Expert system operation EVENT CLASSIFICATION e.g. CB tripping; Based on the event, appropriate set of rules customized for each CB operation is used SIGNAL CHARACTERIZATION AND VERIFICATION Each signal describing the event is analyzed based on the rules of the expert system knowledge base. The purpose of this is to verify that the values of extracted signal features conform to the expected values within given tolerances VERIFICATION OF CAUSE – EFFECT RELATIONSHIP AMONG SIGNALS the relationships involving multiple parameters and possibly multiple signals are analyzed to determine the causes of observed signal features Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Expert system operation, cnt. CB OPERATION VERIFICATION The actual breaker operation is compared with the patterns stored in the rules of the expert system and the settings, each of them customized for particular type of circuit breaker and operation and specified by user ANALYSIS REPORT GENERATION At the end of the analysis, expert system creates the report in the form of a text file. The report clearly describes the operation and performances of the circuit breaker, as well as maintenance and repair recommendations if problems are detected. Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Opening coil current Operating coil current diagram 8 5 7 6 6 4 5 2 4 3 7 1 2 3 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 t [ms] Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND New non invasive methods of Circuit Breaker monitoring • Temperature distribution monitoring • Spectroscopic methods Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Temperature distribution monitoring DETECTOR FIBRE CB Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Temperature distribution monitoring Taking the temperature distribution within the contact body Comparing the taken temperature distribution with the reference temperature distribution Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Temperature distribution within the contact body Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Spectroscopic method setup DETECTOR FIBRE CB Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Spectroscopic methods Special construction of the contact body Knowledge of the characteristic spectral lines of the materials used for contact construction Selective diode detectors Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Special construction of the moving part of the contact contact coating soldered layer contact base Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Emission spectrum of contact compound made of Molybdenum 4500 4000 3500 arc Mo glow Mo dat Mo Intensity 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 800 700 600 500 400 300 Wavelength [nm] arc – arching discharge, glow – glowing discharge, dat – data from physico-chemical tables Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Emission spectrum of contact compound made of Tantalum 3500 3000 arc Ta glow Ta dat Ta Intensity 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 800 700 600 500 400 300 Wavelength [nm] arc – arching discharge, glow – glowing discharge, dat – data from physico-chemical tables Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Emission spectrum of contact compound made of Nickel 4500 4000 arc Ni glow Ni dat Ni 3500 Intensity 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 800 700 600 500 Wavelength [nm] 400 300 arc – arching discharge, glow – glowing discharge, dat – data from physico-chemical tables Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND Conclusion • • • The developed network is a very comrehensive system for CB testing and diagnosis on-line; it employs traditional as well as new methods of CB monitoring The cost to the final user has been minimalized because of the integration of protective, control and monitoring function in one device The system uses modern approach through the adoption of IEC 61850 standard The research work presented in this paper is part of a development project cofounded by European Union within the European Union Structural Funds, POIG (Operational Programme Innovative Economy), project number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08. Project Number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08 EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND