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Autonomous Tele-Information
Network for Power Systems
Switchgear Equipment e-Diagnostics
A. Lisowiec1, A. Nowakowski1,
Z. Kołodziejczyk1, B. Miedziński2
1Centre For Tele-Information Systems and Hardware Applications, Tele and Radio Research Institute
2Institute of Electric Power Engineering, Wrocław University of Technology
The research work presented in this paper is part of a development project cofounded by European Union
within the European Union Structural Funds, POIG (Operational Programme Innovative Economy), project
number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08.
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Reasons for developing a comprehensive
system for Circuit Breaker diagnosis
•
•
•
Circuit breakers have to be reliable since
the safety of power network operation
depends directly on them,
Circuit breakers are the elements of
power network that are more susceptible
to damage than other equipment,
Circuit breakers are expensive to replace
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Basic requirements on the diagnostic system
•
•
•
•
The diagnosis of the CB has to be done
on-line basing on the signals available
during normal operation,
Data acquisition has to be carried out by
devices that can also perform other
functions like protection relay,
The transmission of all data within the
system has to be carried out according to
IEC 61850 standard,
The decision/diagnosis of the CB has to
be carried out autonomously by the
network without any interference from
human operator
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
System architecture
SUBSTATION 1
SUBSTATION ETHERNET BUS
CT
D
CT
D
CONC
CB
GWAY
CB
TCT/IP
TCT/IP
TCT/IP
INTERNET
SUBSTATION
2
TCT/IP
TCT/IP
REMOTE
OPERATOR
CORPORATE
CONTROL
CENTRE
SUBSTATION
N
CDB
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Control device, CTD, architechture
CB
SIGNAL
CONDITIONING
D/A
TRANSMISSION
MICROPROCESOR
CONVERTER
CONTROLLING
DEVICE
CIRCUIT
PROTECTION
FUNCTIONS
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
ETHERNET
CONTROLLER
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Conventional method of CB monitoring
Signals acquired from Circuit Breaker
can be grouped according to different
criteria:
1. analog signals,
2. digital signals
1. high speed signals,
2. slowly varying signals
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
1. signals at high voltage,
2. signals at low voltage
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Main signals acquired from CB
•
•
•
auxiliary contact signals:
• truck position contacts,
• main spring tension state
contact
sensor signals,
• eg. sulfur hexafluoride
pressere sensor signal,
• vibration signals,
• temperature measurement
sensors,
dc voltages
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Main signals acquired from CB
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
phase currents,
currents and voltages of tripping
and closing coils,
movement monitoring sensors
signals,
acceleration sensors signals,
digital signals,
open initiate,
close initiate,
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Concentrator software architecture
DIGITAL FILTERING
MODULE
SIGNAL
PARAMETRIZATION
MODULE
EXSPERT SYSTEM
MODULE
ALARMS NOTIFICATION
AND REPORT
GENERATION MODULE
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Signal parametrization methods
• Digital filtering,
• Resampling in digital domain – for protection
functions realization,
• Decimation – for recorder purposes,
• Spectrum analysis, FFT,
• Wavelet analysis
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Analysis of current and voltage signals
•
•
•
•
Contacts bounce time,
Contact opening time and its
dependence on load current,
Contact closing time and its
dependence on load current,
Simultaneity of contacts closing
in three phases and its
dependence on load current,
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Analysis of current and voltage signals,
cnt.
•
•
Contact closing time averaged
over last 10 operations,
Contact closing time averaged
over last 10 operations,
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Expert system operation
EVENT CLASSIFICATION
e.g. CB tripping;
Based on the event, appropriate set of rules customized for each CB operation is used
SIGNAL CHARACTERIZATION AND VERIFICATION
Each signal describing the event is analyzed based on the rules of the expert system
knowledge base. The purpose of this is to verify that the values of extracted signal
features conform to the expected values within given tolerances
VERIFICATION OF CAUSE – EFFECT RELATIONSHIP AMONG SIGNALS
the relationships involving multiple parameters and possibly multiple signals are analyzed
to determine the causes of observed signal features
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Expert system operation, cnt.
CB OPERATION VERIFICATION
The actual breaker operation is compared with the patterns stored in the rules of the
expert system and the settings, each of them customized for particular type of circuit
breaker and operation and specified by user
ANALYSIS REPORT GENERATION
At the end of the analysis, expert system creates the report in the form of a text file. The
report clearly describes the operation and performances of the circuit breaker, as well as
maintenance and repair recommendations if problems are detected.
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Opening coil current
Operating coil current diagram
8
5
7
6
6
4
5
2
4
3
7
1
2
3
1
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
t [ms]
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
New non invasive methods of Circuit
Breaker monitoring
•
Temperature distribution monitoring
•
Spectroscopic methods
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Temperature distribution monitoring
DETECTOR
FIBRE
CB
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Temperature distribution monitoring
Taking the temperature distribution
within the contact body
Comparing the taken temperature
distribution with the reference
temperature distribution
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Temperature distribution within the
contact body
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Spectroscopic method setup
DETECTOR
FIBRE
CB
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Spectroscopic methods
Special construction of the contact body
Knowledge of the characteristic spectral lines
of the materials used for contact construction
Selective diode detectors
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Special construction of the moving part of
the contact
contact coating
soldered layer
contact base
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Emission spectrum of contact compound made of Molybdenum
4500
4000
3500
arc Mo
glow Mo
dat Mo
Intensity
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
800
700
600
500
400
300
Wavelength [nm]
arc – arching discharge, glow – glowing discharge, dat – data from physico-chemical tables
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Emission spectrum of contact compound made of Tantalum
3500
3000
arc Ta
glow Ta
dat Ta
Intensity
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
800
700
600
500
400
300
Wavelength [nm]
arc – arching discharge, glow – glowing discharge, dat – data from physico-chemical tables
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Emission spectrum of contact compound made of Nickel
4500
4000
arc Ni
glow Ni
dat Ni
3500
Intensity
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
800
700
600
500
Wavelength [nm]
400
300
arc – arching discharge, glow – glowing discharge, dat – data from physico-chemical tables
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND
Conclusion
•
•
•
The developed network is a very comrehensive
system for CB testing and diagnosis on-line; it
employs traditional as well as new methods of CB
monitoring
The cost to the final user has been minimalized
because of the integration of protective, control
and monitoring function in one device
The system uses modern approach through the
adoption of IEC 61850 standard
The research work presented in this paper is part of a development project cofounded
by European Union within the European Union Structural Funds, POIG (Operational
Programme Innovative Economy), project number: WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08.
Project Number:
WND-POIG.01.03.01-14-141/08
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND