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THE INTERNET: A NURSING
RESOURCE
Introduction
The internet ’ s tremendous impact on society
• Changing the way we communicate
• Conduct business
• Obtain information
• Manage life
Internet
• describes as a network of computer networks
-provides the ability for computes attached in
some way to one of the wires or cables on the
system to send and receive information from
computer networks regardless of the location.
1957
• Russian launch sputnik, the result was the
creation of Advanced Research Project Agency
( ARPA) by President Eisenhower. Packet
Switching- devised system result of dividing
message into smaller pieces, each individually
addressed, invented by Paul Barran
1962
• Dr. J.C.R licklider lead the research to improve
military use of computer technology. This
visionary moved ARPA work from the private
sector to universities.
1969
• Dr. J.C.R put his brainchild into operation in
the fall and named ARPANET, after its DoD
pentagon sponsor the ARPA. first node was
installed at the university of California, Los
Angeles.
1973
• The first step to this outcome were taken by
Vint Cerf and Bob kahn - leading to the
creation of the Transmission Control Protocol
and the internet protocol (TCP/IP). This
decentralized structure together with
standard communication methods made
expansion easy.
1980’s and 1990’s
• 1980’s - Many networks had adopted the
standards, and internet became reality
• 1990’s - Commercial networks such as
CompuServe and Prodigy became part of the
internet; users of these networks could only
communicate with those using the same
service.
Who controls the internet?
• The internet itself has no owners, censors,
bosses, board of directors, or stockholders.
• In principle, any computer or network that
obeys the protocols, which are technical, not
social or political, can be an equal player.
ISOC ( www.isoc.org )
• The overall organizing force an international,
nonprofit,
professional
membership
organization
with
no
governmental
allegiances. The society works to maintain
standards, develop public policy, provide
education, and increase membership.
Protocols
• Protocols- determined two devices how data will be
transmitted between two devices. The main protocols
on which the functioning of the internet is dependent
are referred to as TCP and IP.
– IP- the lower level protocol, responsible for making
decisions about packets.
– TCP- data grams, detects and reorder the packets as
necessary.
– HTTP- Hypertext transmission protocol, supports the
World Wide Web (www)
– FTP- file transmission protocol, permits users to send all
types of electronic files over the internet.
THE DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS)
• The internet’s DNS permits us to give globally
unique “names” to networks and computers.
BENEFITS: Easier to remember than long string
of numbers. Allows for a change of physical
location that is transparent to the user.
CURRENT TOP LEVEL DOMAIN (TLD ’ S)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
.AERO for the air transport industry
.BIZ for business
.COM commercial/ business organization
.COOP cooperative
.EDU 4-year degree granting institution
.INFO for all users
.NAME for individuals
.NET for network resources
.PRO for professions
• The internet had over 109 million hosts in 230
countries as released by the Internet Software
Consortium in March 15, 2001 from data
collected during January 2000.
• The growth rate of the internet is estimated
to be between 46 and 67% annually.
• Net is growing worldwide at the amazing rate
of 63 new hosts and 11 new domains per
minute.
USE OF INTERNET Then and How
• The first e-mail software appeared in 1972
today’s e-mail software allow users to list,
selectively read, file, forward, and respond to
message. During the next decade, e-mail was the
largest network application.
• The e-mail was made freely available to anyone
who wanted it.
• Anyone connected to internet could use the FTP
protocols to connect to the host computer and
download any of the available files.
• Archie sites - they pooled the information
from their searchers and made it available to
users at other sites.
• Gopher system - developed at the University
of Minnesota, provides users a menu of items
available on internet servers globally.
FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
• The FTP was mentioned use to download and
upload files from distant computers and
transferring data. This protocol is still in use
today for exchange of data but most use is
transparent to the user.
TELNET
• is one of the protocols used in internet, a
terminal emulation program that is part of the
TCP/IP protocols.
• allows a connecting computer to behave like a
terminal for a distant computer regardless of
the type of computer that is target or
originator of the telnet session.
• used to control web servers remotely
ELECTRONIC MAIL (E-MAIL)
• One of the most popular users for internet
remains the ability to send and receive e-mail.
• Many individual uses e-mail for different
purposes.
THE ANATOMY OF ELECTRONIC MAIL
• An e-mail address has two parts separated by
“@” sign:
– Username
– Name of the computer that assigned the
username.
Example:
[email protected]
(Mara.clara – username)
(Redcross.org- name of computer)
EMOTICONS
• To accurate judge the mood of the sender the
practice of typing characters available on a
standard keyboard to form a picture, these
small icons is called emoticons or smiley that
use to denote a mood.
ABBREVIATIONS
• Cautiously used in e-mails
messaging applications
• Examples:
– AFK- Away from the keyboard
– BTW- By the way
– FTF- face to face
– HTH- Hope this helps
and
other
ORGANIZING RECEIVED FILES
• This allows keeping “inbox” or mailbox area
clear for messages that still have to attend and
keeps messages you want in future. Very
helpful feature when “cleaning out” your
mailbox.
• Lawrence Lessing - law professor warns that
the internet is having an impact on the
concept of privacy.
FILE ATTACHMENTS
• Plain text e-mails that can be read by all e-mail
software and all word processors.
• Has a Proprietary files format that can only be
read by the program that created it. After
creating file you can directly attach file and
send to the recipient.
MAILING LIST
• able to send one message to many people or
group.
• Eric Thomas - created the first software that
automated many of the functions necessary to
maintain a list.
– List fundamentals
– Finding a list
– List etiquette
Two address of mailing list:
1. The address of the software that manages
the list, used to subscribe to the list,
unsubscribe, or use some of the functions
that the software makes available.
2. The one that subscribers use to post a
message to the mailing list.
THE WORLD WIDE WEB WWW
• It is not just some passing
trend but an integral part
of the world today.
• Tim Berners -lee - inventor
of the WWW named as
one of the top 20 thinkers
of 20 th century.
• Browser - is a client
program that translates
files to the image you see
on the screen .
ORIGIN OF THE WWW
• First proposed in 1989 by Tim Berners -lee
while working with Robert Cailliau
• First prototype appeared in 1990 but released
in 1991.
• Browser was released in 1992 to the public as
freeware and there were only 50 Web servers.
• By the end of 1995 there had been
improvements in browser
FUNCTIONS OF WWW
• Has special software that allows
receiving, interpreting, and sending
to the client computer the request
file.
• Web’s use of HTTP enables the
transmitting and interpretation of
all types of files.
• Hypertext is a system which permits
objects to be linked to another.
• Credibility - what is the source of the
information, how current is it, useful and
relevant; what was the process for editorial
review.
• Content - to help judge accuracy examines the
hierarchy of evidence, presence of original
source.
• Disclosure - what is the purpose of the site;
who is sponsoring it, and what will the site
owners will do with any information that they
collect.
• Links - what is the quality of the links provided