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Wireless control that simply works
Open House, Seattle
May 19, 2003
Bob Heile
Chairman, Zigbee Alliance
Hosted by
Corporation
Today’s Agenda
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Today’s Agenda (2)
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The Wireless Market
INTERNET/AUDIO
LONG
TEXT
>
802.11b
ZigBee
Bluetooth 2
Bluetooth1
LOW
< ACTUAL THROUGHPUT
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MULTI-CHANNEL
DIGITAL VIDEO
802.15.3/WIMEDIA
802.11a/HL2 & 802.11g
SHORT
< RANGE
COMPRESSED
VIDEO
>
HIGH
What is the ZigBee Alliance?
• An Organization with a mission to define
reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly
networked, monitoring and control products
based on an open global standard
• Primary drivers are simplicity, long battery life,
networking capabilities, reliability, and low cost
• Alliance provides interoperability, certification
testing, and branding
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Applications
security
HVAC
AMR
lighting control
access control
patient
monitoring
fitness
monitoring
BUILDING
AUTOMATION
CONSUMER
ELECTRONICS
TV
VCR
DVD/CD
remote
ZigBee
PERSONAL
HEALTH CARE
asset mgt
process
control
environmental
energy mgt
Wireless Control that
Simply Works
INDUSTRIAL
CONTROL
RESIDENTIAL/
LIGHT
COMMERCIAL
CONTROL
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PC &
PERIPHERALS
mouse
keyboard
joystick
security
HVAC
lighting control
access control
lawn & garden irrigation
Who is supporting the ZigBee Alliance?
• Seven promoter companies
– Ember, Honeywell, Invensys, Mitsubishi,
Motorola, Philips and Samsung
• A rapidly growing list (now over 70
participants) of industry leaders worldwide
committed to providing ZigBee-compliant
products and solutions
– Companies include semiconductor
manufacturers, wireless IP providers, OEMs,
and end users
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How is ZigBee related to IEEE
802.15.4?
• ZigBee takes full advantage of a powerful
physical radio specified by IEEE 802.15.4
• ZigBee adds logical network, security and
application software
• ZigBee continues to work closely with the
IEEE to ensure an integrated and
complete solution for the market
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Why do we need ZigBee
technology?
• ONLY standards-based technology that
– Addresses the unique needs of most remote
monitoring and control network applications
– Enables the broad-based deployment of
wireless networks with low cost, low power
solutions
– Provides the ability to run for years on
inexpensive primary batteries for a typical
monitoring application
– Capable of inexpensively supporting robust
mesh networking technologies
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Protocol Stack Features
• 8-bit microcontroller
(e.g. 80c51)
• Full protocol stack <32 k
• Supports Simple nodeonly stack
• Coordinators
require extra RAM
– Node device database
– Transaction table
– Pairing table
APPLICATION/PROFILES
ZigBee or OEM
APPLICATION FRAMEWORK
NETWORK/SECURTIY
LAYERS
ZigBee
Alliance
Platform
MAC LAYER
PHY LAYER
IEEE
Application
ZigBee Platform Stack
Silicon
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Frequencies and Data Rates
2.4 GHz
BAND
COVERAGE
DATA RATE
ISM
Worldwide
250 kbps
16
Europe
20 kbps
1
Americas
40 kbps
10
868 MHz
915 MHz
ISM
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# OF CHANNEL(S)
Basic Network Characteristics
• 65,536 network (client) nodes
• 1 fully functional network
coordinator (master)
• Optimized for timing-critical
applications
– New slave enumeration:
30 ms (typ)
– Sleeping slave changing to
active: 15 ms (typ)
– Active slave channel access
time: 15 ms (typ)
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Network coordinator
Full Function node
Reduced Function node
Communications flow
Virtual links
Topology Models
Mesh
Star
PAN coordinator
Full Function Device
Reduced Function Device
Cluster Tree
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Mesh networks overcome barriers
to wireless adoption
Barrier #1: reliability
• People can move when
wireless reception is
poor; machines typically
cannot
• Humans tolerate garbled
communication;
machines do not
Barrier #2: wireless
expertise
• Customers (and some
installers) do not want to
become wireless experts
• Want “wireless control
that simply works”
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Why ZigBee?
• Reliable and self healing
• Supports large number of nodes
• Easy to deploy
• Very long battery life
• Secure
• Low cost
• Can be used globally
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Advantages of ZigBee over
proprietary solutions?
• Product interoperability
• Vendor independence
• Increased product innovation as a result
of industry standardization
• A common platform is more cost
effective than creating a new proprietary
solution from scratch every time
• Companies can focus their energies on
finding and serving customers
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Working Groups
• Marketing (Venkat Bahl)
• Architecture (Don Sturek)
• Network (Monique Bourgeois)
• Security (Larry Puhl)
• Qualification (Jon Adams)
• Application Framework (Phil Jamieson)
• Gateway Working Group (Pat Kinney)
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Organization Structure
Technical Steering
Committee
Chair: Bob Heile
Program Management
Office
Jose Gutierrez
Application
Framework
Working
Group
Chair: Don Sturek
Architecture
Working Group
Project Manager:
Profile
Task
Groups
Chair:
Phil Jamieson
Vice Chair/
PM:
Bernd
Grohmann
Network
Layer
Working
Group
Chair:
Monique
Bourgeois
Security
Working
Group
Qualification
Working
Group
Gateway
Working
Group
Chair:
Larry Puhl
Chair:
Jon Adams
Chair:
Pat Kinney
Vice Chair:
Vice Chair:
Bhupender Virk
Vice Chair:
Vice Chair:
Myung Lee
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Marketing
Working Group
Chair:
Venkat Bahl
Vice Chair:
Ernie Hartland
Benefits of Membership
• If your company is planning to produce a low-power
wireless product or service, you can’t afford not to join!
– ZigBee Alliance membership allows you and your
company to influence the direction of standards
development and to promote the wireless industry.
– You get early access to the specifications and to other
companies with complementary skills and capabilities
– You get the invaluable opportunity to test new products
and services with other industry companies
– You get the ability to capitalize on the ZigBee brand
and promotional activities
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Benefits of Membership
But wait, there’s more-– Membership allows you and your company to learn
early on about the latest products and services being
developed and tested in the industry.
– Membership assists you and your company with
networking opportunities among other member
companies and industry standards bodies.
– Membership also allows for participation in ZigBee
Alliance–sponsored events that address factors that
are critical to the development and adoption of the
industry.
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Member Growth &
Geographical Distribution
Region
Asia/Pacific
Europe/Middle East
North/South America
Total Member
Companies
Dec. 2002
Dec. 2003
May 2004
3 (8%)
12 (19%)
14 (19%)
9 (25%)
14 (22%)
18 (25%)
24 (67%)
37 (59%)
41 (56%)
36
63
73
56%
Asia/Pacific
Europe/Middle East
25%
North /South America
19%
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ZigBee Champions
• OEM
• Pat Gonia – Honeywell
• Ernie Hartland – Leviton
• Silicon
• Tim Kubitschek – Atmel
• Bill Craig – ZMD
• Software / IP
• Bhupender Virk – CompXs
• John Morris - Figure 8 Wireless
• VC / Analyst
• Deepak Kamlani – Global Inventures
• ZigBee Membership / General
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• Bill Chase – Global Inventures
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More Information
ZigBee Alliance web site
http://www.ZigBee.org
IEEE 802.15.4 web site
http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html
Bob Heile, Chair
[email protected]
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More Information
ZigBee Alliance web site
http://www.ZigBee.org
IEEE 802.15.4 web site
http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html
Bob Heile, ZigBee Alliance Chairman
[email protected]
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State of the Alliance
• ONE YEAR AGO…
– Berlin, Germany meeting
– 2nd Open House – hosted by Nanotron
– 5 Promoters, 45 ZigBee Participant Member
Companies
• TODAY…
– Open House #3– Hosted by Ember
• Over 200 Registered, 12 company demos, ZigBee
stacks and silicon available
– 7 Promoters, 66 Participant Member
Companies
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ZigBee and Bluetooth
Competitive or Complementary?
ZigBee and Bluetooth
Address Different Needs
• Bluetooth is a cable
replacement for items
like Phones, Laptop
Computers, Headsets
• Bluetooth expects
regular charging
– Target is to use
<10% of host power
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ZigBee and Bluetooth
Address Different Needs
• ZigBee is better for
devices Where the
battery is ‘rarely’
replaced
– Targets are :
• Devices where only a tiny
fraction of host power is
available
• New opportunities where
wireless not yet used
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ZigBee and Bluetooth
Optimized for different applications
• ZigBee
– Smaller packets over large
network
– Mostly Static networks
with many, infrequently
used devices
– Rapid Network Join
• Bluetooth
– Larger packets over small
network
– Ad-hoc networks
– Long Network Join Times
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ZigBee and Bluetooth
Timing Considerations
ZigBee:
• Network join time = 30ms typically
• Sleeping slave changing to active = 15ms typically
• Active slave channel access time = 15ms typically
Bluetooth:
• Network join time = >3s
• Sleeping slave changing to active = 3s typically
• Active slave channel access time = 2ms typically
ZigBee protocol is optimized for
timing critical applications
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ZigBee and Bluetooth
Comparison Overview
AIR INTERFACE
PROTOCOL STACK
BATTERY
DEVICES/NETWORK
LINK RATE
RANGE
Bluetooth
ZigBee
FHSS
DSSS
250 kb
28 kb
rechargeable non-rechargeable
8
2^16
1 Mbps
250 kbps
~10 meters
(w/o power amp)
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~70meters
(w/o power amp)
A Light Switch Example
Battery Life & Latency in a Light Switch
• Wireless Light switch –
– Easy for Builders to Install
• A Bluetooth Implementation
would either :
– keep a counter running so
that it could predict which
hop frequency the light
would have reached or
– use the inquiry procedure to
find the light each time the
switch was operated.
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Light switch using Bluetooth
• Option 1: use counter to predict hop frequency reached
by light
– The two devices must stay within 60 us (~1/10 of a hop)
– With 30ppm crystals, devices need to communicate once a
second to track each other's clocks.
– Assume this could be improved by a factor of 100 then
devices would need to communicate once every 100
seconds to maintain synchronization.
– => 900 communications / day with no information
transfer + perhaps 4 communications on demand
– 99.5% Battery Power wasted
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Light switch using Bluetooth
• Option 2: Inquiry procedure to locate light
each time switch is operated
– Bluetooth 1.1 = up to 10 seconds typical
– Bluetooth 1.2 = several seconds even if
optimized
– Unacceptable latency
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Light switch using ZigBee
• With DSSS interface, only need to
perform CSMA before transmitting
– Less than 15ms of latency
– Highly efficient use of battery power
ZigBee offers longer battery
life and lower latency than a
Bluetooth equivalent.
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ZigBee and Bluetooth-- Conclusion
• Protocols are substantially different and
designed for different purposes
• ZigBee designed for low to very low duty
cycle static and dynamic environments
with many active nodes
• Bluetooth designed for high QoS, variety
of duty cycles, moderate data rates in
networks with limited active nodes
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