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National Transportation
Communications for ITS Protocol
1
National Architecture & NTCIP
NTCIP Center-to-Field
2
ITS Standards Perspective
Communications
Standards
Message Set
Standards
Data Element
Standards
Message
Data
Element
Data
Element
Data
Element
Data
Element
3
Data Elements Standards
1. Traffic Management Data Dictionary (TMDD)
2. NTCIP- Data Dictionary for Each Device
3. TCIP- Data Dictionary for each Transit Application
4
Message Sets Standards
4. Message Sets for
External TMC Communications (MS/ETMCC)
5. Message Sets for Incident Management
5
Communications Protocol Standards
6. Center to Field Communications Protocols
7. Center to Center Communications Protocols
DATEX-ASN ; CORBA
6
ITS Derived
Standards
• Message Set Standards
• External TMC (ITE)
• Incident
management (IEEE)
• ATIS (SAE)
• Data Element Standards
• TMDD (ITE)
• NTCIP (AASHTO, ITE, NEMA)
• Object definitions
for traffic signals,
message signs,
transit (a.k.a. TCIP)
• ATIS (SAE)
Center, roadside,
traveler, vehicle
subsystems
TMC
Message
• Communications
Standards
• IP, HDLC
framing
(NTCIP effort)
• DSRC (ASTM)
• NTCIP Class B
(NTCIP)
Data
Element
Data
Element
Data
Element
Data
Element
7
Class D Profile
Communications
Standards
Message Set
Standards
Data Element
Standards
•
•
•
•
Class B
SP-PPP
TP-Internet
AP-STMF
Traffic
Controller
Standards
Topics
• Message Sets for External Traffic
Management Center Communications
(MS/ETMC2)
• TMDD Section 3 - Traffic Control
• NTCIP NEMA TS 3.4 - Global
• NTCIP NEMA TS 3.5 - ASC
8
Class D Profile
Communications
Standards
Message Set
Standards
Data Element
Standards
• SP-PPP
• TP-Internet
• AP-STMF
DMS
Standards
Topics
• Message Sets for External Traffic
Management Center Communications
(MS/ETMC2)
• TMDD Section 3 - Traffic Control
• NTCIP NEMA TS 3.4 - Global
• NTCIP NEMA TS 3.6 - DMS
9
Building Blocks From
International Standards Organization
ISO
– Language to Define Data Elements : ASN.1
10
Building Blocks From
The Internet Authority
2. Rules ( Protocols) to Transport Data
Elements
–
SNMP, TCP/IP, UDP etc.
11
Open System Interconnect- Reference Model OSI-RM
Each layer independently performs a specific task
API
message data stream
dialog connection
segments
network address
packets
data frames
bits
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Link
Physical
12
Off-the-Shelf Protocols Examples
Application
SNMP
UDP
IP
PPP
HDLC
RS 232
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Link
Physical
13
First NTCIP Objective is:
Develop Data Dictionaries
&
Communications Protocols
USER Work Station
Communications
Profiles
System
14
Second NTCIP Objective is:
Develop Communications Protocols for
Center to Center Information Exchange
Communications
Protocols
System
System
15
1
NTCIP Standards Organization
Protocols
2
Dictionaries
NEMA
1206
mgmt
1
experiment
al 2
private
3
Devices
2
protocols
1
layers
1
transportat
ion
4
profiles
2
dynObjMgmt
3
Class B
1
dynObjDef
1
dynObjData
2
asc
1
ramp
2
dms
3
rs232
1
trans
4
rs232Async
2
snmp
5
camera
4
hdlc
3
system
6
sensors
5
global
28
6
16
NTCIP Standards Framework
Center-to-Field
Center-to-Center
ITS Data Model
ITS Data Dictionary
Reference Model
ITS Message Sets
Files
Data Objects
Dynamic Objects
Information
Information
CORBA
DATEX
TFTP
FTP
SNMP
STMP
Application
Application
TCP
UDP
Null
IP
Transport
Transport
ATM
FDDI
Ethernet
SONET
SLIP
PPP
V Series Modem
PMPP
FSK Modem
Subnetwork
Subnetwork
*
Fiber
Plant
Coax
* Not all Subnetwork / Plant combinations are feasible
Twisted Pair
Telco Line
Wireless
Plant
Topic- 2
NTCIP Roadmap
An Analogy that
Describes the
“Mechanics of NTCIP”
NTCIP Roadmap Analogy
Completion of a medical history form that uses a
dictionary of terms and mails the form to a medical
professional for action.
History
#1 - Objects Are NTCIP Data Building
Blocks
1
NTCIP “Speak”
Analogy
Def•i•ni•tion \ def- -nish- n\
n: a word or phrase
expressing the essential
nature of a person or thing.
phaseWalkOBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..255)
ACCESS read-write
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION "Phase Walk
Parameter in seconds (0-255 sec). This
shall control the amount of time the
Walk indication shall be displayed. "
e
e
::= { phaseEntry 8 }
Word
Definitions are structured with
syllabic spelling, pronunciation,
grammatical usage, definition, etc.
Object
NTCIP data elements are defined
for transmission using ASN.1
structure and are called objects.
#2 - NTCIP Data are Hierarchically
Organized
Analogy
NTCIP “Speak”
ROOT
ABCDEFGH
IJKLMNOP
QRSTUVW
XYZ
ISO, 1
ISO-CCITT, 2
Organization, 3
Country, 16
DOD, 6
USA, 640
Internet, 1
Organization, 1
Private, 4
Enterprises, 1
Alphabet
Organizes definitions
in an alphabetical
structure.
NEMA, 1206
ISO Tree
Organizes objects
in a hierarchical
structure.
2
#3 - Device Standards are
Subject Matter Dictionaries
Analogy
3
NTCIP “Speak”
TS 3.4
TS 3.5
TS 3.6
TS 3.7
Subject Matter Dictionaries
NTCIP Standards
Collections of definitions
in alphabetical
structure for subjects.
Collections of objects
in hierarchical
structure for subjects.
#4 - Object Subset Needed for
Application
4
NTCIP “Speak”
Analogy
History
MIB for
Signals
in City “A”
Words Needed for a Specific Use
Subset of a subject area for a specific
purpose. E.G., heart disease history
uses only some medical terms.
Management Information
Base (MIB) Module
MIB Module is a collection of
objects for a specific application
(agency specific).
#5 - Objects Are Written According To
Procedures
NTCIP “Speak”
Analogy
1. Print all
responses.
2. Use a no. 2
pencil.
3. Answer parts
1 & 2 only.
4. Write from top
to bottom, left
to right.
History
Filling In a Form
A paper form might be the
“device” on which we would
write a heart disease history.
MIB for
Signals
in City “A”
SNMP
get
set
get-next
trap
Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP)
SNMP is a set of rules for
reading and writing MIB
objects to a device.
5
Example of Object: Number of Permanent Messages Parameter
Page 2-14 TS 3.6
dmsNumPermanentMsg
OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX
INTEGER(0...65535)
ACCESS
read-only
STATUS
mandatory
DESCRIPTION “Indicates the current number of Messages stored in non-volatile, non—chargeble memory(
e.g. EPROM). For CMS and BOS , this number is the diffent messages that can be assembled.”
::={dmsMessage 1}
OID location in the tree
1.3.6.1.4.1.1206.4.2.3.5.1
This is not a IP Address, only a IN number for data element
Both values are encoded as a pair
Note: OID is only a references to data, it is not IP address
25
#6 - Objects Are Transmitted Using
Rules
NTCIP “Speak”
Analogy
• US postal
service rules.
Mailing Rules
To transmit the heart history form
to a doctor, a patient follows a
mailing system’s rules.
6
• Application
• Presentation
• Session
Data
processing rules
• Transport
• Network
Data
transport
rules
• Data Link
• Physical
Physical network rules
Open System Interconnect (OSI)
OSI 7 layer reference model
(OSI-RM) has rules for transporting
and processing the information.
7
#7 - Physical Layer Defines Media
NTCIP “Speak”
Analogy
History
?
Media Choice
The heart disease history info
could be submitted on paper,
on a disk, on a voice tape, etc.
Ethernet
Sonet
Physical Media Choices
Defines how to get the bits
across the connection
(copper, fiberoptic, coaxial).
#8 - Data Link Layer Defines
Data Packages
NTCIP “Speak”
Analogy
History
8
MIB for
Signals
in City “A”
Info
Flag
Packaging
Specifies the packaging
rules used to transmit
the information.
Address Control
FCS
Flag
High Level Data Link Control
(HDLC) Frames
Describes the data package
transmitted over a single
link & checks for errors.
9
#9 - Network & Transport Layers Define
Data Addressing and Delivery
NTCIP “Speak”
Analogy
Town, State,Zip,
Country
Return Receipt
Required
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Internet Protocol (IP)
User Name
Address
Flag
IPI
Control
Info
FCS
Flag
Add Recipient Name
Internet Protocol (IP)
Addresses the mail. Names the
person at the address & repackages
into smaller packages if needed.
Network layer routes through
interconnected network links using
Internet compatible rules.
#10 - Top 3 Layers Perform
Data Processing
Analogy
History
NTCIP “Speak”
SNMP
get
set
get-next
trap
Reading the Form
Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP)
Read the heart disease
history form and provide
info for physician to act.
SNMP reads & writes MIB
objects that have been
transmitted using OSI-RM.
10
Roadmap Summary - The Data
• Data elements are called objects and defined using a
structure called ASN.1.
• Dictionaries of objects for specific applications are
arranged by an ISO hierarchy instead of by alphabet.
• The subset of objects needed by an agency is collected
into a database called a MIB.
• The procedure for reading and writing this database is
termed SNMP. A more efficient version called STMP is
applicable in many transportation applications.
31
Roadmap Summary - Moving the Data
• The rules for transmitting the data follow the OSI
reference model.
• Data is “packaged” into HDLC frames.
• Data packages are moved through communications
networks using rules compatible with the Internet
Protocols.
32
Topic-3
Center to Field (Device Level)
Communications Profiles
NTCIP Standards Framework
Center-to-Field
Center-to-Center
ITS Data Model
ITS Data Dictionary
Reference Model
ITS Message Sets
Files
Data Objects
Dynamic Objects
Information
Information
CORBA
DATEX
TFTP
FTP
SNMP
STMP
Application
Application
TCP
UDP
Null
IP
Transport
Transport
ATM
FDDI
Ethernet
SONET
SLIP
PPP
V Series Modem
PMPP
FSK Modem
Subnetwork
Subnetwork
*
Fiber
Plant
Coax
* Not all Subnetwork / Plant combinations are feasible
Twisted Pair
Telco Line
Wireless
Plant
NTCIP Overview
SNMP Objects
Dynamic Obj’s
SNMP
STMP
UDP
NULL
IP
PPP
PMPP
RS-232
Modem
Phone
RS-232
Radio
Air
FSK
Cable
TWP
35
Use of Existing Standards
• Why does the NTCIP re-define all of these
standards?
– There are unique requirements within the
transportation environment
• There are options that are not appropriate for our
environment
• There are features that our environment requires that are
not defined in existing standards
36
ISO - NTCIP Relationship
ISO
Information Level
NTCIP
Application
Presentation
Application Level
Session
Transport
Transport Level
Class Level
Network
Data Link
Subnetwork Level
Physical
Plant Level
37
Profiles
• A standard that further restricts the
interpretation/use of other standards
• May specify how to combine multiple standards
together into a standard package
• Primarily developed to promote interoperable
implementations
38
Historic Class Profiles
Application
Transport
Subnet
Class B
STMF
Null
HDLC
RS232
Class A
STMF
UDP/IP
HDLC
RS232
Class C
STMF
TCP/IP
HDLC
RS232
39
Subnet Profiles
• Defines how data is physically transmitted
across a link, including
–
–
–
–
–
Physical signals
Addressing
Bit error checking
Permission to speak
Multiplexing of Transport Profiles
40
Subnet Profiles
• PMPP232—low-speed, multi-drop via 232
• Others Under Development
– Near-Term
• PMPP/FSK—Low-speed, multi-drop, over twisted pair
• PPP—Dial-up
• Ethernet—LANs and other Ethernet systems
– Long Term
• FDDI—Fiber systems
• SONET—Another fiber option
• Metropolitan Area Networks—Equivalent to a LAN
41
Transport Profiles
• Routing across a network
– Logical to physical address mapping
– Delivery times
– Error handling
• Fragmentation and re-assembly
• Multiplexing of Application Profiles
42
Transport Profiles
• Transportation (Null)—Low-speed connections
• Internet—Computer industry standard
– UDP/IP
– TCP/IP
43
Application Profiles
• Defines structure for information exchange
– Overall structure of each message
– What information gets exchanged
– Under what conditions can information be
exchanged
– Byte-level encoding formats
44
Application Profiles
• Field Communications
– SNMP—Computer industry standard
– STMP—Low-speed, high data exchange req’ts
• Center-to-Center Communications
– DATEX-ASN—Simple structured solution based on
messages
– CORBA—Advanced object-oriented solution
• General Use
– FTP—Standard file transfer
– TFTP—Simple file transfer where TCP not available or
frequent transfers
45