Download chapter4 - Blog Paul Sidarta

Chapter 4
Telecommunications
and the Internet
Information Systems Today
Leonard Jessup & Joseph Valacich
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-1
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-2
Chapter 4 Objectives
Understand the role of telecommunications
in organizations
 Understand the evolution of computer
networks
 Understand the Internet and how it works
 Understand basic Internet services
 Understand the use of the World Wide Web

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-3
The Role of Telecommunications
and Networks in Organizations

Definitions
 Telecommunications – the transmission of all
forms of information, including digital data,
voice, fax, sound, and video, from one location
to another over some type of network
 Network – a group of computers and associated
peripheral devices connected by a
communication channel capable of sharing
information and other resources (e.g., like a
printer) between users
 Bandwidth – the carrying capacity of
telecommunications networks
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-4
The Role of Telecommunications
and Networks in Organizations

Interpersonal Communication Applications
E-mail
 Internet Relay Chat (IRC) = instant messaging
 Facsimile (fax)
 Voice mail
 Videoconferencing

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-5
The Role of Telecommunications
and Networks in Organizations

Common Business Applications
E-Commerce
 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
 Telecommuting
 Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT)
 Distance Learning
 Telemedicine

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-6
Evolution of Computer Networking

Sharing Information
 Senders and receivers
 Transmission media
 Rules or protocols
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-7
Evolution of Computer Networking

Computer Networks



Centralized Computing



Digitizing
Modem
Terminals
Distributed Computing
Collaborative Computing
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-8
Evolution of Computer Networking
 Types of Networks
 Private Branch Exchange (PBX)
 Local Area Network (LAN)
 Wide Area Network (WAN)
 Global Networks
 Enterprise Networks
 Value-Added Networks (VANs)
 Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)
 Personal Area Networks (PANs)
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-9
The Internet
 How

did the Internet Get Started?
ARPANET
U.S. Defense
 Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
 NSFNET
 National Science Foundation

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-10
The Internet
 Internet
Technologies
Packet-Switching Technology
 TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol
 IP Datagram


Connecting Independent Networks
Routers
 Backbone Network

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-11
The Internet
 Web
Domain Names and Addresses
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
 Common domain extensions

.edu .org .mil .com .net
 .ca .th .no (country codes)


IP Addresses
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-12
The Internet
 Who
Manages the Internet?
The Internet Registry – acts as a central
repository for Internet-related
information and which provides central
allocation of network system identifiers
 Domain Name System (DNS) – a system
used to associate Internet host names
with their Internet IP addresses

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-13
The Internet
 Who

Manages the Internet?
Internet Corporation for Assigned
Names and Numbers (ICANN) – a non-
profit corporation manages IP addresses,
domain names, and root server system
management
 InterNIC Registration Service – assigns
Internet addresses
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-14
The Internet
 How
Do You connect to the
Internet?
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
 Network Access Points (NAPs)
 Internet backbone

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-15
The Internet

How Fast Is Your Connection?
Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)
 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
 Digital Subsciber Line (DSL)
 Cable Modems
 Satellite Connections
 T1 Lines
 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-16
The Internet
 Security
in the Internet Age
Encryption
 Firewalls
 Authentication

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-17
The Internet
 State
of the Internet
 What are people doing on the Internet?
E-mail
 What next for the Internet?

Internet2
 Abilene network backbone

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-18
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-19
The Internet

Internet Tools
E-mail
 Telnet
 File transfer
 Listserv
 Usenet
 Archie
 WAIS



Gopher
Voice over IP
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-20
World Wide Web







Web browser
Hypertext
Hyperlinks
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Web servers
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-21
World Wide Web


World Wide Web Architecture
World Wide Web Applications
 Electronic brochure
 Online ordering
 Electronic marketplaces
 Online customer service
© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
4-22