Download Competency 003

Competency 003
Santos Delgado
The Master Technology Teacher
knows and applies basic strategies
and techniques related to web site
mastering.
The Master Technology Teacher:
• Demonstrates knowledge of mechanism for
navigating, accessing, transferring, sharing,
and storing Web-based information across
networks (e.g., the internet, intranets)
Navigation:
• The importance of your navigation
structure cannot be over-emphasized.
Without some sort of navigation, a site
loses all sense of structure and
organization. There are many ways of
presenting your navigation: in a bar down
one side of the screen, along the top and
bottom, or in a frame that stays with you
throughout your visit to a site. It is
important to allow access to the rest of
your site from anywhere. Ideally, you
should be able to go to any page in a
maximum of two or three clicks, with
your main pages accessible in one.
Navigation:
• Primary navigation must be clear, structured and
intuitive. This means breaking your site’s subject areas
into categories and groups and presenting them in the most
logical way possible.
• First and foremost is a link back to your homepage.
Accessing:
• To use
• To visit a Web site, you enter an Internet address in a
format called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) in the
Web browser. The Web browser then downloads that Web
page from the Web server, and formats the page. Every
page on the Web has a unique address, much like the one
for your house. The URL uniquely identifies the exact
location of a Web page on the Web. Note that the term
Uniform Resource Indicator (URI) is often used in place
of the term URL.
Transferring
• Type of protocol used to transfer data.
• A protocol is the set of rules that describes how
information is transferred across the Internet between
clients and servers. The protocol used by the Web to
transfer data is called the Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP). The Internet, and most Web browsers, support
other protocols.
The most common protocols are :
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file://Opens a file on a mounted disk volume
http://Opens a World Wide Web page
ftp://Connects to a server using the File Transfer Protocol
gopher://Connects to a Gopher server
telnet://Connects to a server using Telnet
news: Connects to a Usenet newsgroup
mailto: Sends an electronic mail message
snews: Opens a secure newsgroup connection
shttp://Opens a secure World Wide Web connection
Sharing and Storing Web-based
information across networks
• local-area networks (LANs) : The
computers are geographically close together
(that is, in the same building).
• wide-area networks (WANs) : The
computers are farther apart and are
connected by telephone lines or radio
waves.
• campus-area networks (CANs): The
computers are within a limited geographic
area, such as a campus or military base.
Sharing and Storing Web-based
information across networks
• metropolitan-area networks MANs): A
data network designed for a town or city.
• home-area networks (HANs): A network
contained within a user's home that
connects a person's digital devices.
Internet
• An international network of over 30 million
computers. People often refer to the Internet
by one of its parts, the World Wide Web or
simply the Web. It is also known as
cyberspace.
Intranets
• An intranet is a private network that is contained
within an enterprise. It may consist of many
interlinked local area networks and also use leased
lines in the wide area network. Typically, an
intranet includes connections through one or more
gateway computers to the outside Internet. The
main purpose of an intranet is to share company
information and computing resources among
employees. An intranet can also be used to
facilitate working in groups and for
teleconferences.
The master Technology Teacher:
• Knows how to create and edit Web pages
using appropriate tools, design principles
(e.g., size and type of graphic files, font size
and color, backgrounds), and page elements
(e.g., hyperlinks, HTML tags, alt tags for
accessibilities).
Create and edit Web pages
• Primary audience
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needs
interests
technology level of audience
computer equipment (special software requirements, available
memory, speed/mhz)
• Purpose for the site
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personal
profit earning business
non-profit organization
educational
entertainment
• Location of the site
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commercial Internet service provider (ISP)
educational institution server
organization server
personal server
• Types of content
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text
graphics
video
applets
sound
forms or surveys for users to fill out (some servers do not accommodate
forms).
• Information provided on the "home" page
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a "who we are" or "who I am" message
a mission or purpose statement
contact information *
update notice
copyright notice
disclaimer (for ex: Though we try to keep the information up-to-date,
some information may not be the most current. OR "This list does not
constitute an endorsement of any one or more of the products .")
• * If the site is for a business or organization, it is important to include an
address, phone number and email contact.
If the site is a personal site, disclosing an address or phone number is not
advised because of privacy issues.
• Content ( the key to a good site):
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should match the purpose
should be well organized
should be spellchecked
should observe correct English (or the appropriate
language). Some sites have information in more than
one language, depending upon the possible audiences.
• should be current information
• should be appropriate for the audience
• Level of Web technology to best suit the
purpose:
• Minimal style - mostly text, little or no graphics (quick loading,
does not require lots of memory or a high end graphic card)
• Middle of the road style - some graphics to add an element of
design or style, which compliments the information, but does not
detract from the main purpose (still easy to load, may be more
appealing than minimalism
• High tech style - Lots of graphics, animation, java applets, "art"
text, video clips, etc. (could be suitable for an audience of tekkies
with high-end equipment, but could lose the average audience
waiting for the images to load or trying to navigate links not
clearly identified as such).
• Style to best suit the purpose
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professional
scholarly
casual
child friendly
teen oriented
artistic
• Page design - consistency, clarity, user
friendliness:
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Include a "back to home" link
Use a consistent template on each page
Create a uniform color scheme (with limited color palate)
Be sure there is sufficient contrast between background and text
Avoid a too large font that SHOUTS*
Avoid a too small font that is hard to read*
Place important information near the top
Avoid long lists of links if possible.
Categorize lists in smaller chunks and provide internal tags
Provide a table of contents (with links to find information in a long list)
Organize your material to too much scrolling to find content
• Resolution:
• Standard for screen resolution is 800 (width) by
600 (height). If you design for a higher
resolution the user may have to scroll back and
forth or up and down to view your full content.
• Graphics:
• .jpg image format (compressed file format for high quality images
- photographs). While working on photographs, save in .tiff
format, or program default, until the final quality and size is
achieved, then save in .jpg. This saves the image quality.
• .gif image format (for graphics files, buttons, clip art not
photographic quality). The quality does not degrade when working
with .gif files.
• animated .gif files (Use sparingly. Is animation appropriate to the
theme or a distraction from your main purpose?
• flash animation (Provide a "turn off" option for flash). Too many
"bells and whistles" can be overpowering. Does the flash
compliment the site? Or is it there to say "See what I can do?"
• Background and text colors:
• Patterned backgrounds produce "noise" that interferes with reading
the text.
• Provide sufficient contrast between background and text
• Limit your font colors - "Hot" colors (like bright pink and orange)
are, in general less professional for business sites. (If the business
is "hot" graphics, however, that caution would probably not apply.)
Primary colors (red, blue, green) might be best suited for sites that
appeal to children. Black backgrounds can give a "hard edge" to a
site or make it seem "gloomy" or counterculture.
• Use of frames (out of favor):
• Hard to bookmark
• Hard to navigate
• Hard to figure out which frame you are in to
print content.
• Search engines can't always index their
contents
The Master Technology Teacher:
• Knows how to establish and access a
folder/directory hierarchy for the
management of a Web site and its related
files.
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folder/directory hierarchy for the
management of a Web site and its
related
files
Electronic folders are used to organize your electronic data in the same
way that paper folders and file cabinets are used to organize your paper
documents.
• There are two types of links found in a web document:
• Absolute links have paths that are prefaced by http:// and contain the full
web address. An absolute web address must be used for links to Web
pages on other servers.
• A relative address should be used for links to other Web documents on the
same server, especially when the files are all part of a larger project you
are developing. Using relative addresses will also make your Web
document more portable and easier to maintain.
• A structured system is the most common system of links. In the
simplest terms, a structured system is a hierarchy. It gives the viewer a
idea of where their position is within your site and makes it easier for
them to navigate successfully. It is best to keep your hierarchies two to
three levels deep, otherwise viewers will become frustrated.
• Before you begin your first HTML document, you should
storyboard your site. Storyboarding is comparative to
charting your course on a map before undertaking a crosscountry trip by car. It is a rough outline of the finished
product and shows the overall structure of your website.
Your storyboard should include which topics go on which
pages, the primary links, and a conceptual idea of more
prominent images. This allows several people to develop
certain portions of web site at same time, which minimizes
the duplication of work.
The Master Technology Teacher:
• Demonstrates knowledge of network,
security, and access issue (e.g., firewalls,
password controls) related to the
maintenance of a Web site.
Network
Network
• A group of two or more computer systems
linked together. There are many types of
computer networks, including:
Networks
• local-area networks (LANs) : The computers are geographically
close together (that is, in the same building).
• wide-area networks (WANs) : The computers are farther apart and
are connected by telephone lines or radio waves.
• campus-area networks (CANs): The computers are within a limited
geographic area, such as a campus or military base.
• metropolitan-area networks MANs): A data network designed for a
town or city.
• home-area networks (HANs): A network contained within a user's
home that connects a person's digital devices.
Mesh Topology
• Devices are connected with many redundant
interconnections between network nodes. In
a true mesh topology every node has a
connection to every other node in the
network.
Star Topology
• All devices are connected to a central hub.
Nodes communicate across the network by
passing data through the hub.
Bus Topology
• All devices are connected to a central cable,
called the bus or backbone.
Ring Topology
• All devices are connected to one another in
the shape of a closed loop, so that each
device is connected directly to two other
devices, one on either side of it.
Tree Topology
• A hybrid topology. Groups of starconfigured networks are connected to a
linear bus backbone.
Security
• In the computer industry, refers to techniques for
ensuring that data stored in a computer cannot be
read or compromised by any individuals without
authorization. Most security measures involve data
encryption and passwords. Data encryption is the
translation of data into a form that is unintelligible
without a deciphering mechanism. A password is a
secret word or phrase that gives a user access to a
particular program or system.
Firewall
• A system designed to prevent unauthorized access
to or from a private network. Firewalls can be
implemented in both hardware and software, or a
combination of both. Firewalls are frequently used
to prevent unauthorized Internet users from
accessing private networks connected to the
Internet, especially intranets. All messages
entering or leaving the intranet pass through the
firewall, which examines each message and blocks
those that do not meet the specified security
criteria.
Vocabulary
• BUS: A collection of wires through which data is
transmitted from one part of a computer to
another.
• backbone : Another term for bus, the main wire
that connects nodes.
• Node: In networks, a processing location. A node
can be a computer or some other device, such as a
printer. Every node has a unique network address,
sometimes called a Data Link Control (DLC)
address or Media Access Control (MAC) address.
Vocabulary
• Internet : A global network connecting millions of
computers. More than 100 countries are linked into
exchanges of data, news and opinions.
• ISP : Short for Internet Service Provider, a company that
provides access to the Internet
• Log on: To make a computer system or network recognize
you so that you can begin a computer session
• Intranet: A network based on TCP/IP protocols (an
internet) belonging to an organization, usually a
corporation, accessible only by the organization's
members, employees, or others with authorization
• TCP/IP : Short for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol, the suite of communications protocols used to
connect hosts on the Internet.
• Communication Protocol : All communications between
devices require that the devices agree on the format of the
data.
• Web Author Web Author is the person (or company) who
designed the web site and programmed the code to make it
work.
• Web Server The Web server is the actual computer that
contains all the information and files relating to a Web
site. Web servers are generally fairly powerful machines
that are designed to handle a large volume of traffic from
the Internet and search for and retrieve information
quickly.
• Page It’s the basic unit of the Web. A page is the document
displayed on your screen, but it is by no means limited to
the size of your monitor. (usually we use scroll bars)
A collection of Web pages and associated files are called a
Web site.
• Home page or Start Page Web sites are composed of
several pages. To organize these pages, most Web sites
have a home page that is used as an introduction and a
table of contents and provides the means to reach the other
pages contained within that site.
• Browser/Viewer Programs such as Netscape or Microsoft
Internet Explorer are used to browse the Internet or view
Web pages. They are commonly referred to as browsers.
• URL URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator (or
sometimes Universal Resource Locator) and is an address
to connect you to different sites on the Internet. The URL
gives the browser the information it needs to go out and
find the site on the Net.
URLs all consist of the document’s protocol, a host name,
and sometimes the document’s path and file name.
• Hit Every time someone visits a Web page, it registers as a
hit. (reload, cache)
• Hypertext and links Hypertext is regular text that, when
clicked with a mouse, takes you somewhere else.
Hypertext can be linked with other part of the web page, or
another web page, e-mail address or ftp address, etc.
Hypertext is generally shown in a different color from the
rest of the text on the document, and links are usually
underlined.
• Frames Frames allow Web authors to
design pages with two or more independent
sections. Borderless frames, Non scrolling
frames and floating frames.
• HTML, VRML HTML stands for
Hypertext Markup Language; VRML stands
for Virtual Reality Modeling Language.
VRML is used to create 3-D Web Page.
• Network Computers connected to each
other to provide and/or exchange
information.
• Hypertext Highlighted text or image which
allows the user to go from one site to another
creating a link.
• Domain Includes the company (.com),
organization (.org), network (.net), school (.edu),
government (.gov), military (.mil) or other
institution producing the site. DNS refers to
Domain Name System.
• Link A connection from one page to another. The
cursor changes to a pointing finger as it moves
over the link. You can bring a linked page to your
screen by clicking once on the highlighted text,
image or icon. This transfers page content from a
server location to your location.
References
Alan Stewart. (08). WWW.zerocut.com. Retrieved April 8, 2007, from
http://www.zerocut.com
Brooks, S., & Byles, B. (2005-2006). Helping teachers use the
internet correctly. Retrieved from
http://www.internetforclassrooms.com
Basic Web Terminology)Computer , Science. (). Basic Web
Terminology. Retrieved April 8, 2007, from http://www.cs.albany.edy
Geldon, M. (11). Basic Website Vocabulary. Retrieved April 8, 2007,
from http://www.mcps.k12.md.us
Montencino, V. (2004, 2). Educational Technology Resources.
Retrieved April 7, 2007, from http://mason.gmu.edu
Competencies)Newell , L. (). Competencies. Retrieved April 9, 2007,
from http://www.lindanewell.net/comp.pdf
Pidgeon, N. (04). How Ethernet Works. Retrieved April 7, 2007, from
http://computer.howstuffworks.comCompetency 003)San Antonio,
ISD. (). Competency 003. Retrieved April 8, 2007, from
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• http://www.coba.unr.edu/class/is301/IS301Vocabu
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• http://www.wtvi.com/teks/exchange/netop/default.
htm
• http://mason.gmu.edu/~montecin/webdesign.htm
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ml
• http://www.webopedia.com