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Network Configuration in RHEL5 Network Configuration Module Management List all pci devices List all Modules lsmod Load Modules lspci modprobe or insmod Remove Modules rmmod Network Configuration Configuration at Command Prompt Permanent set the address System-config-network-tui Temporary set the Address Ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.110 netmask 255.255.128.0 up Network Configuration Configuration at Graphical Tool Permanent set the address System-config-network-gui Neat System menu --> Administrattion --> Network Network Configuration Dhcp server testing Dhclient eth0 Network Configuration Configuration file locations /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /etc/sysconfig/network /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf Network Configuration Ping ping 127.0.0.1 PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.028 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.018 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.024 ms --- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics --4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3003ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.018/0.032/0.061/0.018 ms configure the network card GUI tool (X Windows required) - system-confignetwork Command line text based GUI tool (No X Windows required) - system-config-network Edit configuration files stored in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ directory. GUI tool system-config-network GUI tool system-config-network Command line tool system-confignetwork-tui Command line tool system-confignetwork-tui (2) Edit configuration # cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ # vi ifcfg-eth0 # Intel Corporation 82573E Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=static DHCPCLASS= HWADDR=00:30:48:56:A6:2E IPADDR=10.10.29.66 NETMASK=255.255.255.192 ONBOOT=yes Edit configuration # vi /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=www1.nixcraft.in GATEWAY=10.10.29.65 # /etc/init.d/network restart Edit configuration # vi /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 10.0.80.11 nameserver 10.0.80.12 Nameserver 202.67.222.222 $ ping 10.0.80.12 $ nslookup cyberciti.biz Network Configuration ethtool Network Configuration Telnet telnet 192.168.1.110 80 Trying 192.168.1.110... Connected to 192.168.1.110. Escape character is '^]'. Then press ctr+] to quit from this, then type quit Network Configuration Nmap nmap 192.168.1.110 Starting Nmap 4.53 ( http://insecure.org ) at 2008-12-14 08:29 IST Interesting ports on 192.168.208.1: Not shown: 1711 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 22/tcp open ssh 80/tcp open http 111/tcp open rpcbind Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 13.253 seconds Network Configuration Virtual ip Temporary set the Address ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.1.110 netmask 255.255.128.0 up Permanent set the address cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:1 vi ifcfg-eth0:1 Change device eth0 to eth0:1 Change ip address Network Configuration Gateway Settings To see current gateway entry To add new gateway route del -net 192.56.76.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 To add default gateway route add -net 192.56.76.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0 To remove exist gateway route -n route add default gw mango-gw To remove default gateway route del default Network Configuration DNS Entries Client config file is /etc/resolv.conf Nameserver ip-address of dns server Network Configuration DNS troubleshooting nslookup yahoo.com root@laptop:~# nslookup yahoo.com Server: 192.168.1.3 Address: 192.168.1.3#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: yahoo.com Address: 68.180.206.184 Name: yahoo.com Address: 206.190.60.37 root@laptop:~# Network Configuration mtr Network Configuration Traceroute [root@sleipnir root]# traceroute www.pcuser.com.au traceroute to www.pcuser.com.au (203.18.241.23), 30 hops max, 38 byte packets 1 dvalin (192.168.168.252) 0.705 ms 0.289 ms 0.391 ms 2 midgard.lesbell.com.au (203.97.202.158) 1.829 ms 1.553 ms 1.673 ms 3 Loopback1.ken10.Sydney.telstra.net (165.228.2.1) 18.125 ms 17.887 ms 19.615 ms 4 GigabitEthernet2-1.ken17.Sydney.telstra.net (203.50.20.27) 20.833 ms 20.587 ms 19.583 ms 5 austra426.lnk.telstra.net (139.130.238.198) 21.840 ms 21.336 ms 20.195 ms 6 *** 7 *** [root@sleipnir root]# Network Configuration wireshark Network Configuration Arping [root@server ~]# arping 192.168.208.1 ARPING 192.168.208.1 from 192.168.0.227 eth0 Unicast reply from 192.168.208.1 [00:16:D3:FB:5A:00] 1.374ms Unicast reply from 192.168.208.1 [00:16:D3:FB:5A:00] 0.868ms Sent 2 probes (1 broadcast(s)) Received 2 response(s) [root@server ~]# Network Configuration Tcpdump Capture only eth0 Capture only UDP packets tcpdump udp Capture only TCP packets Tcpdump -i eth0 tcpdump tcp Capture only UDP packets with source & destination port 53 (DNS requests & replies) tcpdump udp port 53 Understanding run-level scripts System Startup and Shutdown During system startup, a series of scripts are run to start the services that you need. These include scripts to start network interfaces, mount directories, and monitor your system. Most of these scripts are run from subdirectories of /etc/rc.d. The program that starts most of these services up when you boot and stops them when you shut down is the /etc/rc.d/rc script. The following sections describe run-level scripts and what you can do with them. Starting run-level scripts As previously mentioned, the /etc/rc.d/rc script is integral to the concept of run levels. Any change of run level causes the script to be executed, with the new run level as an argument. Here's a quick run-down of what the /etc/rc.d/rc script does: * Checks that run-level scripts are correct -- Therc script checks to find each run-level script that exists and excludes those that represent backup scripts left by rpm updates. * Determines current and previous run levels -- Determines the current and previous run levels to know which run-level scripts to stop (previous level) and start (current level). * Decides whether to enter interactive startup -- If the confirm option is passed to the boot loader at boot time, all server processes must be confirmed at the system console before starting. * Kills and starts run-level scripts -- Stops run-level scripts from the previous level, then starts run-level scripts from the current level. Understanding run-level scripts Each script representing a service that you want to start or stop is linked to a file in each of the run-level directories. For each run level, a script beginning with K stops the service, whereas a script beginning with S starts the service. The two digits following the K or S in the filename provide a mechanism to select the priority in which the programs are run. For example, S12syslog is run before S90crond. However, the file S110my_daemon is run before S85gpm, Configuring the Default RHEL Runlevel # Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are: # 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this) # 1 - Single user mode # 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking) # 3 - Full multiuser mode # 4 - unused # 5 - X11 # 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this) # id:3:initdefault: All of the programs within the /etc/rcX.d directories (where X is replaced by a run-level number) are symbolic links, usually to a file in /etc/init.d. The /etc/rcX.d directories include the following: * /etc/rc0.d: Run level 0 directory * /etc/rc1.d: Run level 1 directory * /etc/rc2.d: Run level 2 directory * /etc/rc3.d: Run level 3 directory * /etc/rc4.d: Run level 4 directory * /etc/rc5.d: Run level 5 directory * /etc/rc6.d: Run level 6 directory Service Not Required Anacron Atd Bluetooth Crond Cups Dhcpd Dovecot Firstboot Haldaemon Hplip Netfs Nfs portmap Service Not Required (2) Routed Sendmail Smb Spamassassin Squid Vsftpd After saving the file and exiting the editor, you can reboot the machine or just run any of the following three commands to begin using the new batch threshold value: # service atd reload # service atd restart # service atd stop ; service atd start Organised run-level scripts from the GUI # system-config-services # chkconfig --list | less # ntsysv # chkconfig --add my_daemon # chkconfig --list my_daemon # runlevel