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IBC IPv6 conference
IPv6 for mobile users
Dipl.-Ing. Wolfgang Fritsche
IABG
London, 28.06.01
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Diversity of today's available mobile devices
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Mobile Subscriber
1800
1600
1400
Mobile Internet
Subscriber
Mobile Subscriber
1000
800
600
400
200
0
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
[million]
1200
year
Source: UMTS-Forum
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Growing together: Internet and cellular communication
Proceedings of Barcelona:
• 96 out of 226 documents contained IP
• 23 of those IPv6
Proceedings of Washington:
• 20 out of 32 presentations mentioned Mobility
• 5 of those only
IAB Wireless Workshop (RFC 3002):
• Recommendation for the use of IPv6
• Recommendation for the use of Mobile IPv6
Enabling UMTS / 3G Services and Applications (No. 11)
• Suitability of Mobile IPv6 for cellular networks
• Mentioning of missing functionality (e.g. AAA)
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Cooperation
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Mobility in the
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Mobile IPv6 -
Mobility in the
Next Generation Internet
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Mobile IPv6
Mobility
Transparency
Routing
• Growing number of mobile Internet users
• Mobility support in the Internet needed
• Transparent mobility for all layers above IP
• Compatible with each routing protocol
• Influences routing of packets
network A
Internet
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network B
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Protocol stack
Applications
User-Mode
Socket
Interface
TCPv4
UDPv4
TCPv6
IPv4
IPv6
Link Layer Interface
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UDPv6
Mobile IPv6
Kernel-Mode
Terms used in Mobile IPv6
Mobile Node
Node, which can change its access point to
the Internet while still being reachable under
its Home Address.
Home Address
Static IP Address of the Mobile Node valid at its
home network.
C/o-Address
Temporary IP Address of the Mobile Node valid at the
actually visited network of the Mobile Node (c/o = care-of).
Binding
Association of the Home Address with the c/o-Address.
Home Agent
Router located at the Mobile Node’s home network
used by the Mobile Node for registering its c/o-Address.
Binding Cache
Cache for received Bindings.
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Example
Network B
R
Home
network A
R
Internet
Home Agent
Network C
R
Corresp.
Node C
R
Router
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Mobile Node registers at its Home Agent
Network B
R

Network A

R
Internet
Mobile Node
Home Agent
R
 Mobile Node sends Binding Update
 Home Agent replies with Binding Acknowledgement
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Network C
Corresp.
Node C
Triangle Routing
Network B
R
Network A

R
Internet
Mobile Node

Home Agent
Network C
R

 Corresp. Node C initiates communication with Mobile
Node and sends packets to MN‘s home address
 Home Agent intercepts packets and forward them to
the Mobile Node (proxy functionality)
 Mobile Node replies directly to Corresp. Node C
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Corresp.
Node C
Route Optimization
Network B
R

Network A
R
Internet
Mobile Node
Network C
Home Agent
R

 Mobile Node sends Binding Update to Corresp. Node C
 Corresp. Node C sends following packets directly to c/o
address of Mobile Node
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Corresp.
Node C
Mobile IPv6 Roaming
Network B
R
Network D
Network A
R
R
Internet

Network C
Home Agent
R
 Mobile Node sends Binding Updates to Home Agent and
all Corresp. Nodes, which already received a previous
Binding Update from this Mobile Node
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Corresp.
Node C
Dynamic Home Agent Address Discovery
Home Agents List
Priority
Home Agent 3
Home Agent 1
Home Agent 2
9
2
-3
R
Home Agent 3
R
Home Agent 1


Internet
Mobile Node
Home Agent 2
Mobile Node sends Binding Update to the Home Agents
Anycast Address of its home network
One Home Agent answers with Binding Acknowledgement
containing a list of available Home Agents
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Registration at selected Home Agent
Home Agents List
Priority
Home Agent 3
Home Agent 1
Home Agent 2
9
2
-3
R
Home Agent 3
R
Home Agent 1


Internet
Mobile Node
Home Agent 2
Mobile Node sends Binding Update to the first Home Agent
contained in the Home Agents List
Binding Acknowledgement completes Registration process
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Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 -
Further optimizations to
Mobile IPv6
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Hierarchical Mobile IPv6
• Extension to Mobile IPv6
Hierarchy
• Introduces hierarchical registration scheme
Scalability
• Not always registration to Home Agent necessary
Handoff
• Local registration decreases Handoff delay
Internet
AR
MAP B
R
AR
AR
Home Agent
Mobile Node
MAP A
MAP
Mobility Anchor Point
AR
Access Router
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AR
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AR
Example 1: Mobility within Domain
Home network
R
Internet
Home Agent
Mobility
Domain A
Mobility
Domain B
MAP
MAP
AR
AR
AR
BU
AR
BU
Binding Update
Mobile Node
Mobile Node
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AR
Example 2: Mobility between Domains
Home network
R
Internet
Home Agent
Mobility
Domain A
Mobility
Domain B
MAP
MAP
AR
AR
AR
BU
AR
AR
BU
Binding Update
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Mobile Node Mobile Node
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Advantages Mobile IPv6 vs. Mobile IPv4




128 bit IPv6 address space enables global address
assignment to large user groups
Using Stateless Address Autoconfiguration and
Neighbor Discovery neither FAs nor DHCP server
are necessary
IPv6 enables an efficient and dynamical
localization of the HA
IPv6 Routing Header enables an efficient Route
Optimization
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Advantages Mobile IPv6 vs. Mobile IPv4 (ctnd.)




IPv6 Destination Option enables co-existence of
Mobile IPv6 and Ingress-Filtering
Mobile IPv6 control messages can be sent
piggybacked with IPv6 packets
Due to parallel standardization of Mobile IPv6 and
IPv6 special requirements are easier to regard
...
draft-ietf-mobileip-ipv6-13.txt
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Mobile IPv6 implementations
Windows NT,
Windows 2000
Linux
BSD
Windows NT,
IP Edge Device
... and others
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Standardization
within IETF
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Standardization
Mobile IP WG
• WG in the Routing Area of the IETF
• Dealing with Macro-Mobility issues
• Mobile IPv6 on Internet Draft status (version 13)
• Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 on Internet Draft status (Version 2)
• AAA Requirements for Mobile IPv6 on RFC status (2977)
Seamoby WG
• New WG in the Transport Area of the IETF
• Dealing with Micro-Mobility issues
• Investigation in Handoff mechanisms
• Investigation in Context Transfer (AAA, QoS, Security) during Handoff
• Investigation in Paging Possibilities at IP layer
• Close co-operation with 3G
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Mobility in the
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3GPP
All-IP Reference Architecture
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All-IP Reference Architecture
Mh
Mm
Cx
CSCF
Gr
R
Um
Gi
Gn
UTRAN
MT
R
T-SGW *)
Mc
GGSN
SGSN
Iu
TE
MGCF
Gi
Gc
Iu-ps'
Gi
MRF
Gf
GERAN
MT
Mg
Mr
Gi
EIR
TE
Mw
Ms
HSS *)
Multimedia
IP
Networks
CSCF
R-SGW
Iu
PSTN/
Legacy/Externa
l
MGW
MGW
Uu
Nb
Iu
Mc
Mc
Nc
MSC server
GMSC server
T-SGW *)
MAP
MAP
Mh
HSS *)
no IPv6
IPv6 optional
Source: 3GPP
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R-SGW *)
IPv6 mandatory
GSM and Mobile IP
in the UMTS IP Core Network
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Mobile IP in the UMTS IP Core Network
UTRAN
UTRAN
HA
RNS
IP network
FA
R
IGSN
Iur
IGSN
FA
HA
HA
MAP
IP
RNS
HLR
etc.
IGSN FA
RNS
R
R
filter
Internet
R
Iu
IGSN
R
HA
FA
Mobile IP
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Source: 3GPP
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Internet GPRS Support Node
Router
Home Agent
Foreign Agent
Mobility in the
5. Framework
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Information Societies
Technology
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Characteristic
Core data
• Start: 01.01.2001
• Project duration: 24 months
• Total project costs - 5.9 M€
• EU partner plus partner from Switzerland, USA, Canada, Japan and
Korea
Content
• Wireless (Wireless LAN und 3G) and wired transmission techniques
• Establishment of an European testbed
• Use of IPv6 as much as possible
• Investigation in Mobility, Location based Services, Security, ...
• Support of medical applications
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Partner
RUS
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Road Warrior
?
Internet
company
site 1
company
site 2
IPSec
Gateway
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IPSec
Gateway
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Summary
Both “sides”, Internet and Cellular Communication, have
recognized the promising potential of the Mobile Internet market
Co-operation between organizations of the Internet and Cellular
Communication side are established
IPv6 and Mobile IPv6 are seen as an efficient and scalable
solution for the future Mobile Internet
Numerous research activities take place in the area of IPv6 for
mobile users
From the technical side not all problems are solved now - but we
are doing a good job here
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Links
www.ipv6.iabg.de
www.6winit.com
www.ietf.org
www.3gpp.org
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Introduction of Mobile IP in the 3GPP CN - Step1
Mobile IP
functionality
Source: 3GPP
• FA functionality is located at GGSN
• One FA in a PLMN is enough ==> Mobile IP roaming between different PLMNs
• Mobile Node is informed about FA and care-of address by PDP context set-up
• Additional support of GPRS roaming (support of PLMNs without FAs)
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Introduction of Mobile IP in the 3GPP CN - Step2
Mobile IP
functionality
Source: 3GPP
• More FAs can be present in a single PLMN
• FA closest to SGSN should be used 
single PLMN possible
Mobile IP roaming also within a
• Still additional support of GPRS roaming (support of PLMNs without FAs)
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Introduction of Mobile IP in the 3GPP CN - Step3
Mobile IP
functionality
Source: 3GPP
• SGSN and GGSN functionality combined into IGSNs
• Each IGSN supports Mobile IP (together with NAI, AAA, ...)
• Mobile IP roaming used inside CN and between PLMNs
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