Download Interactive Mobile TV: Group and Resource Management

22 November 2005
Interactive Mobile TV:
Group and Resource
Management
Haitham Cruickshank
University of Surrey
www.mobilevce.com
© 2005 Mobile VCE
Introduction
 Multicast concept attracts growing attentions from mobile operators
due to its capability of efficient service delivering:
 Unlike unicast in which data are send to individual receivers, in multicast
one copy of data is transmitted from source to multiple receivers.
 Unlike broadcast (such as TV service), multicast distribution focused on
group services.
 Interworking of multicast-enabled networks is an interesting solution
for Beyond 3G systems.
 Examples of multicast services:
 Audio and video streaming: such as on demand video and web TV/radio
 Content delivery: such as electronic newspaper and notification system for
sport news, up-to-date business information e.g. stock rates
 Multiplayer games
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Challenges for Multicast User Services
Content Provider
External PDN / Internet
UMTS Core
SRAN
UTRAN
U/D/W
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© 2005 Mobile VCE
(U)
WLAN
U/D/W
(D)
WLAN Core
DVB Distribution
Network
AP
DVB-T/H
U
(U)
U/W
(W)
U/D
(D)
U: UMTS
D:DVB
W:WLAN
Requirements for Successful Interworking
 Advanced resource management and session
management functionality to achieve desired multicast
delivery coordination.
 Mechanism that allow:
 Selection of suitable delivery networks
 Selection of appropriate service flows
 Dynamically act on network conditions, e.g. load balancing
 Awareness of interested receivers and their
heterogeneity expressed by receiver context
information.
 Scalable mechanisms for network initiated:
 Multicast bearer establishment and release
 Vertical network handover for groups of receivers
 Flow handover for groups of receivers
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Resource Management
Concepts
for Interworking Networks
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Resource Management – Objectives
Provide efficient multicast services delivery in a
heterogeneous infrastructure comprising multicastenabled wireless networks.
Provide efficient multicast services to heterogeneous
receivers with various QoS capabilities and network
interfaces.
To maximize “profit” for the network operator,while
respecting the user’s preference (e.g. acceptable
level of delay and QoS).
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Resource Management - mechanisms
 Service Scheduling:
Batch multiple requests for the same content
into a group for a specific batching duration and
then serve them over one common channel
 Dynamic Access Network Selection:
Select the suitable access network and
transmission QoS, which satisfies the user’s
QoS requirements whilst offering the highest
“profit” for the service provisioning
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© 2005 Mobile VCE
Resource Management Architecture
Home Network
Content request
RM
Selected
access
network and
QoS
N
MSS
Other cooperative networks
NS/QoSA
RM 3
RM 2
RM 1
RCC
LM
GM
service
user
profile
profile
RM: resource manager
MSS: multicast service scheduling
NS: network selection
QoSA: QoS adaptation
RCC: resource cost calculation
GM: group manager
LM: local monitor
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Service Scheduling Signalling
RM
GM
ISS
NS&
QoSA
User requests
Scheduling request (content and
user profiles)
N
Service scheduling
Construct content delivery
request
Content
delivery
request
(content and
user profiles)
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Network Selection Signalling
home network provider
NS&
QoSA
Content
delivery
request
RCC
LM
cooperating network
providers
RCC
RCC
RCC
cost quote request
Require network
status
Cost quote reply
cost quote request
Require
network
status
Cost quote reply
Network selection
and QoS adaptation
Content
delivery
reply
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Network resources reservation and configuration for contents delivery
LM
LM
LM
Group Management
Concepts
for Interworking Networks
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Group Management - Objectives
 Assist resource management by aggregating
useful context information of interested
receivers of a multicast user service.
 Provide mechanisms to implement resource
management decisions efficiently by:
 Network initiated multicast bearer establishment/release
 Network initiated vertical network handover for groups of
receivers
 Flow handover for groups of receivers
 Scalable delivery of interworking signalling to
large receiver groups.
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© 2005 Mobile VCE
Group Management Architecture
User side
Network side
GMs in
cooperating
networks
Group manager (GM)
Application
Signalling CH
SCF
Multicast Middleware
UDP
IGMP
GMMF
IP
NMF
IIGI
Group Subscription,
e.g. via HTTP
Resource
Management
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IGMII
Device
Presence
Service
Group Manager Functional Blocks:
SCF: Session Control Function
GMMF: Group Membership Management Function
NMF: Network Management Function
Network
entities
Interfaces:
MSC: Multicast Signalling Channel
IGMII: Interworking GM Interaction Interface
IGII : Interworking Internal Gateway Interfac
Multicast Signalling Channel
 Motivation
 Reduce signalling cost - efficient delivery of control signalling
for required interworking to a large group of receivers
 Principles
 Instead of sending separate message to every receiver,
control signalling is delivered to a group via a multicast
signalling channel (MSCH)
 Each user for a multicast user service subscribes to the IoNMSCH for the duration of a session
 Novel mechanism for efficient receiver subset addressing of
receivers on the IoN-MSCH to minimise required signalling
load:
 Based on context information receivers have in common
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Signalling Example: Session Setup
Access Router Group Manager
UE
UE
GMMF
SCF
RM
Service Announcement/Discovery
Group Subscription
IGMP join (MSC)
Establish control
plane
Scheduling and
network selection
ESTABLISH (IP Multicast Address, Network)
IGMP join (IP Multicast Address)
IGMP join (IP Multicast Address)
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Establish user
plane
Signalling Example: Vertical Handover
AR old AR new
UE
UE
Group Manager
GMMF
SCF
RM
Load balancing
decision
MIGRATE (IP Multicast Address, new Network)
IGMP join (IP Multicast Address)
IGMP leave (IP Multicast Address)
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Switch user plane
Multicast Middleware (on user terminal)
 Provides transparently a seamless multicast
socket service to application.
 On group subscription, it starts listening to a
multicast signalling channel to receive control
information from group manager.
 Manages multicast session over terminal
interfaces as requested by GM:
 Establishment, release, migration of multicast bearers by
remote subscription approach
 Flow mobility
 Forwards incoming data flows to application.
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Not Just Concepts:
Implementation
Demonstration
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What is required from the
network to perform
interworking ?
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Implementation Demonstration:
Scheduling and Network Selection
 Each group membership subscription triggers
scheduling function:
 Scheduling either size- or time-based
 When threshold is reached Network Selection is invoked
 GMMF provides Network Selection with user
group and relevant context information.
 Network Selection algorithm selects
appropriate QoS and network for each user in
the group.
 Network Selection notifies Session Control
Function in group manager to initiate session
establishment.
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© 2005 Mobile VCE
Implementation Demonstration :
Session Control Signalling
 Session Control Function (SCF) determines
subgroups based on selected networks and
QoS.
 Extracts common context information for
receivers of each subgroup and creates
addressing expression uniquely identifying
each subgroup.
 Sends a control message for
establishment/release for each subgroup via
the Interworking-MSCH for the multicast user
service
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What is required from the
terminal to perform
interworking ?
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Implementation Demonstration :
Bearer Setup on Receiver
 Multicast middleware in receiver obtains
control message via interworking-MSCH.
 Middleware evaluates addressing expression:
 it joins the identified multicast group on the specified
network interface.
 Incoming multicast session data is forwarded
by the middleware to the application.
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© 2005 Mobile VCE
Implementation Demonstration :
Multicast Middleware
 Middleware for session layer functionality
 Based on TESLA toolkit (same as Migrate)
 Dynamic library interposition principle
 Code complexity ~ 2000 LoC (Lines of Code)
Application
Multicast Middleware
C-library/OS
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Tesla
Middleware: Bearer Establishment - 1
1,
2.
Gets IP multicast address/port of Interworking-MSCH via
announcement
Opens and binds socket
Application
Multicast Middleware (MM)
C-library/OS
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3. Multicast middleware opens real socket using
provided IP multicast address/port
4. Starts listening to commands from group manager
Middleware: Bearer Establishment - 2
7. Starts forwarding incoming data to application
Application
Interworking-MM
C-library/OS
6. Establishes multicast socket on
Identified interface for data plane
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5. Receives establish request
(IP Multicast address/port/network)
Middleware: Vertical Handover - 1
3. Still forward data from old socket until data from new one arrives
Application
Interworking-MM
C-library/OS
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1. Receives migrate request
2. Establishes new multicast socket on
Old and new
Identified interface for new data plane
(IP Multicast address/port/network)
Middleware: Vertical Handover - 2
6. Application receives data from new socket
Application
Interworking-MM
C-library/OS
5. Old data plane
is released
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4. New data arrives
What is the complexity to
perform interworking ?
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University of Surrey: Wireless Network
Testbed
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© 2005 Mobile VCE
Implementation Demonstration:
Network Architecture
IoN Gateway
(Home Network)
UMTS Cell 3
UMTS Cell 1
UMTS Cell 2
Content
Provider
DVB Cell 1
IoN Gateway
(Visting Network)
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Implementation Demonstration:
Network Equipment
 Network infrastructure
 2 Cisco routers (2600 series)
 1 GigabitEthernet Layer3 switch
 Layer 2 switches
 1 WLAN access point
 Servers
 Interworking gateway (GM/RM)
 Streaming servers
 Web server
 Clients
 3 Laptops with Ethernet/WLAN card
 Fedora Core 3 Linux
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Implementation Demonstration:
Gateway Implementation
Implementation language C++ and QT
library:
Portable to any platform
Code complexity ~ 8000 LoC
Features:
Multithreaded group management server
Service Manager for service creation
Each service provides:
its own grouping, and up to 2 different service flows
scheduling (size and timeout based)
network selection function (by the RM function)
its own Interworking-MSCH (messages XML based)
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User context information data base and browser
Other components
 Webserver
 Apache 2
 HTML fronted for user subscription
 Python script as subscription backend to group manager
 Streaming Server
 Video LAN Client (VLC) as video server
 Currently streaming UDP however RTP also possible
 User request simulation
 Python script
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© 2005 Mobile VCE
Conclusions
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© 2005 Mobile VCE
Resource and Group Management:
Conclusions
In interworked heterogeneous wireless
networks:
Resource management focuses on service
scheduling, and network selection
Group management focuses on aggregation of
receiver context information to support RM in its
decision making
Close interaction between resource and group
management during set-up and handover.
Combined interworking and multicast is
a promising solution to extended
services in existing wireless networks.
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© 2005 Mobile VCE
Thank you !
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© 2005 Mobile VCE