Download No Slide Title - Network Insight Institute

Convergence of Wireless Access
and Spectrum Allocations
Mar. 19, 2001
a Network Insight seminar, Sydney
Seungtaik Yang
Preisident, Information and Communications
University
P.O. Box 77 Yuseong, Daejon, KOREA
e-mail: [email protected]
Contents





Directions to Wireless Multimedia Era
Prospects for the Future Mobile Communications
Requirement for Future Spectrum Management
Korean Perspectives on Spectrum Management
Final Remarks
Directions to Wireless Multimedia Era
 Evolution of Mobile Communications
Cordless Telephone
Satellite
GMPCS
CT-2
CT-1
PHS
DECT
Analog Cellular
AMPS
NMT
TACS
Digital Cellular
PCS
GSM
DCS1800
ADC(IS-54)
IS-54 based
PCS
8 kbps
‘80
1st Generation
- W-CDMA
- cdma2000
Mobile
Multimedia
PDC
Upband
IS-95
PCS(CDMA)
CDMA
IS-95
Data Rate
IMT-2000
8 - 114 kbps
‘90
2nd Generation
Up to 2 Mbps
2000
3rd Generation
Over 2 Mbps
2010 (?)
4th Generation
Traffic Increase in 21 Century (Bandwidth Explosion)
Broadband
Mobile
800
Man-Man Comm.
600
1,000
Cyber Network
Machine-Machi
ne Comm.
IMT-2000, B-WLL
Telephone
800
600
Next Gen.Internet
400
Mobile
Information
Explosion
Cellular, PCS
200
400
200
Internet
0
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Communication Traffic (arb. unit)
Subscribers (Million)
1,000
0
(year)
IMT-2000 Service Coverage
9.6 kbps
< 144 kbps
Zone 4: Global
< 384 kbps
Zone 3: Suburban
< 2 Mbps
Satellite
Zone 2: Urban
Zone 1:
In-Building
Mega-Cell
Macro-Cell
remote
vehicular
stationary/indoor
Micro-Cell
pedestrian
Pico-Cell
IMT-2000 Services
 Services : Voice, Data, Video,& Multimedia as
Mobile Internet
Video Conference
Video Telephony
Teleshopping
Electronic Newspaper,
Data Service(Image,Music)
Service
Telebanking
Data Base Access
IPS
e-mail
Voice
Data
Rate
10 kbps
100 kbps
1 Mbps
10 Mbps
Prospects for the Future Mobile
Communications
 As voice is concerned, “anywhere access” is fully realized with
2-G mobiles, PABX phones, and cordless telephones.
 As we enter into knowledge-based information society at the
turn of the century, main focus on communication is being
shifted towards ubiquitous high speed wireless
multimedia/internet. “Anywhere access for data” will be the
major topics for the next generation mobile systems like IMT2000.
 But, nobody is sure how much high speed data services will be
needed when one is on move. While it is feasible to predict the
ever-growing needs for high speed data, wherever one is
located stationary. Mobility on fixed network is as important as
that on mobile network.
Converging Wireless Access as Last Mile Access

Public Land Mobile Systems like 2-G and 3-G :


Advantage :
“wherever service” possible
Disadvantage : limited data speed and capacity, and relatively high
tariffs
 No tariffs and high data speed



Broadband Wireless LAN *: within campus or large premise, and
offices
Home R.F.* or Personal LAN like Bluetooth : at home or on personal
move
SRD (Short Range Communication Device)
 Low Tariffs and high data speed, where the fixed system is not
conveniently accessible


Broadband Fixed Wireless Access*
Broadband Satellite Internet Service*
 Low tariffs and very high data speed

SCS (Stratospheric Communication System)*
* possible application of microwave and mm-wave technology
4G as the Integration
Wireless
Digital
Convergence
Satellite/HAP
S
Satellite
WPAN
HAPS
SDR
IPv6
DVB
DAB
W-CDMA
CDMA2000
GPRS
Broadcasting
PCS
GSM
Cellular
IS-95
Broadband
Wireless1394
W-LAN
BWA
HIPERLAN Bluetooth
LMDS
WLAN
MMDS
Wireless Local Loop
W-LAN
Indoors
Hierarchical Layered Convergence
Global
•Outdoor
• Mobile / still / fixed
• Coverage :100Km ~
• Max. Data rate : ~155Mbps
• L,S,C,Ku,Ka, mm Wave band
Satellite, HAPS / DVB, DAB
Global layer
Cellular / Macro
•Outdoor /Indoor
• Mobile / still
• Coverage : ~ 3Km
• Max. Data rate : ~2Mbps
• 800MHz ~ 2GHz
handover
Macro layer
CDMA
GSM
PCS
Wireless LAN / Micro
IMT2000
CDMA2000
• Outdoor / Indoor
• Still / fixed
• Coverage : ~ 300M
• Max. Data rate : ~ 54Mbps
• 2.4GHz ~ 5.8GHz
WCDMA
Micro layer
WLAN
LMDS
MMDS
•Indoor
• Still / fixed
• Coverage : ~ 10M
• Max. Data rate : ~1Mbps
• 2.4GHz
Broadband Wireless Access
WPAN
Bluetooth
fixed (wired) layer
Wireless PAN / Pico
BWA
handover
Pico layer
HIPERLAN
Wireless 1394
All-IP Network
• Outdoor
• Fixed
• Coverage : ~ 12.5Km
• Max. Data rate : ~155Mbps
• 20GHz ~ 60GHz (mm Wave band)
Converging Stage of Various Wireless
Access
in the Future
O
u
t
D
o
o
r
Vehicle
Pedestrian
Converging Stage
IMT-2000
Phase1
System Beyond
IMT-2000
Still
LMDS
I
n
D
o
o
r
IMT-2000
Phase2
Still
Broadband/Satellite
Wireless Access
Wireless PAN
Fixed
Ultra High Speed
WLAN
Wireless
WirelessLAN
LAN
Wired Line
0.1
1
10
Data Rate (Mbits/sec)
100
Requirements for Next Generation(4-G) System
 High speed data rate :


Vehicular : 2 Mbps
Pedestrian/ Indoor : 20 Mbps





IP based network structure : QoS guaranteed
Next generation Internet support : IPv6, Mobile IP
High Capacity : 5 ~ 10 times to 3-G
Lower system cost
Seamless services with fixed, and private networks like
Wireless LAN, BWA etc.
 Frequency band : 3 ~ 8 GHz, possibly higher
 Frequency Spectrum Requirements :

ITU-R recommends additional 180 MHz bands for IMT-2000
services by 2010.

For 4-G, conservative estimates is at least 1,000 MHz by
2015
Requirement for Future Spectrum
Management
 Facing More and More Complications
 Ever Increasing Demands and Values for
Frequency Spectrum
 Convergence of Diverse Services
 Differentiation among Services or Systems ambiguous
 Especially for the 4-G Services
 Appearance of New Unpredicted Services
 Flexibility of Spectrum Use needed
 Globalization and De-regularization Trends
 Need of Long-and–Medium Term Frequency
Spectrum Planning
Korean Perspectives on Spectrum
Management
Status of Telecommunications in Korea
Population
: 46 Millions / 99,300 sq. km
Seoul : 11.0 Millions / 605 sq. km
Pusan : 4.0 Millions / 436 sq. km
Status of Telecommunications
- Wireline Operators :
KT (Korea Telecom)
: Major PTT, IMT-2000
DACOM : PSDN, International & Long Distance
Hanaro
: Local Loops, WLL
Onse Telecom : International & Long Distance
- Wireless Operators :
SK Telecom
: Cellular, IMT-2000
Shinsegi Telecom
: Cellular
KT Freetel, KTM.com & LG Telecom : PCS
8 Regional Pager Operators
: Pager
TRS Operators ( 2 national, and 9 regional) : Digital TRS
3 Mobile Data Operators
: Wireless Data
Regulator :
MIC
( Ministry of Information & Communication )
Cellular & PCS Subscribers in Korea
30
( *1 M )
cdma pcs
cdma cellular
amps
25
20
15
10
5
0
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99 2000
MIC’s Policy on Spectrum Management
 Provision of Spectrum Resources for Future
Demands
 Technology Development and Incentive to Utilize for
Higher Frequency Bands like Millimeter-wave Band
 Publishing Long-term Frequency Planning
 Efficiency Spectrum Utilization for Existing Bands of
Use
 Narrower Channel Bandwidth
 Frequency Spectrum Sharing for Different Services
 Trunking for Similar Services from Different
Entities/Organizations
 Clean Electromagnetic Environment
 Maximization of Spectrum Resource
Utilization
 Improvement of Spectrum Allocation Method
 Adoption of Global Standards or Trends in Spectrum
Allotment
 Spectrum Reassignment through Actual Frequency Usage
Statistics
 Spectrum Allocation by Market-based
Mechanism
 Public Access to Current Frequency Database
 Electronic Filing System for Procedure of Radio
Station Licensing
Current Spectrum Allocations Policy
1. Appraisal of Proposals with Pre-fixed Pricing (hybrid
form)



Based on Economic Values and Technical Effectiveness
Existing Competitions in the Market
Needs for Accelerating Commercial Services
 Price Range Pre-fixed, and Fund Contributed for
Telecommunication Development
 Exclusive Right to Use for Specific Services, and Renewable
with Additional Prices after Licensing Period of less than 20 yrs
2. Allocation by Conventional Review Process
with No Price




Based on Effectiveness of Intended Spectrum Use
Fairness and Conformity to Public Interest
Needs of Applicants
Technical and Financial Capabilities of Applicants
3. Spectrum Auction (X)
 Once considered, but discarded due to
negative reactions of general public, and
many other adverse effects
Status of Hot Service Licensing's
 IMT-2000 Services ( Method 1)
 Will license 3 Operators, each with 2*20 MHz
Duplex Bands
 1 for cdma2000 system, 1 for W-CDMA system, and
1 with option to take either
 Telecom. Development Fund ranged between 1 billon ~
1.1 billion US$
 Commercial Services due by May, 2,002, but possibilities
of delay
 Result among 4 Applicants: ( Dec., 2,000)
- 2 W-CDMA Licenses to SK Telecom and KT, with fund
of
1.1 billion US$, each
- a cdma2000 applicant disqualified, and procedure
postponed
 Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Services (method 2)


ATSC standard adopted in 1997
Test Transmitting during 1999 ~ 2000, and
at present, Trial Services in Seoul
 Full Commercial on-air in late this year beginning from Seoul
 Incumbent TV Broadcasters provided with Digital Channels
on condition that after 2,006, returning existing analog
channels
 Satellite Broadcasting Service (method 1)

1 license on Platform of KoreaSat II and III
 Broadcasting Development Fund fixed at 17 million US$
 Administered by Independent Broadcasting Commission
 Result among 2 Applicants : (Dec., 2,000)
KT/KBS Consortium to be licensed with 17 million $ fund
Frequency Allocation in Korea
894M-960
M
Cellular
1.71G -1.885G
CT
GMPCS
824M-894M
1.53G-1.66G
2.17G-2.2G
IMT2000
(MSS
Downlink)
PCS
2.4G-2.48G
2.7G-2.9G
3G
IMT2000 IMT2000
WLL (802.11bGMPCS
(New)
(New)
Bluetooth)
2.5G-2.69G
10G
IMT2000
IMT2000
(MSS (TDD)
(TDD)
(Uplink)
uplink)
1.90G -1.92G - 1.98G
WLAN
2.16G-2.2G 2.3G-2.4G
1.98G-2.02G-2.025G
TV
(Korea)
11.7G-12.2G
HIPER
WLAN
WLAN
(HIPER
(HIPER
LAN/1)
LAN/2)
LINK
4G ?
WLAN
(802.11a)
24.25G-26.7G
WLAN
(reserved) (reserved)
17.1G - 17.3G
2.11G - 2.17G
5.725G-5.875G
5.15G-5.35G
WLAN
(Downlink)
5.47G-5.725G
17.7G-17.735G
Sat.
IMT2000
19.2G-19.3G
BWLL
WATM
(project)
40G-60G
Final Remarks
 Each country has its own regulation and customs for frequency
allocation, but globalization and roaming requirements ask for
more conformance to global standards.
 As demands for frequency use accelerated, harmful interference
may occur between neighboring countries unless close
frequency planning coordination worked out.
 As more diverse services merged vertically or horizontally,
spectrum management becomes more complicated. The
worldwide study is required to resolve.
 Perhaps, economic values of spectrum use may be deemed
differently from country to country. Trend is to levy some price
tags.
 Spectrum cap or specific use of certain bands will be removed
for improving flexibility of spectrum utilization.