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Transcript
LAN Protocols and TCP/IP © N. Ganesan, Ph.D. Module A Preview of Major LAN Protocols Major Protocols • TCP/IP – De facto protocols of the Internet • IPX/SPX – Used in Novell networks • NetBEUI – A non routable local protocol NetBEUI • Supported by – Windows 9X, Windows NT, Windows 2000 and Windows XP • Non-routable protocol used for setting a local LAN that does not require Internet access • Can be used for an internal peer-to-peer or client-server network IPX/SPX Compatible Protocol • Used in Novell networks • Required for interoperability of Windows network with Novell networks • Routable protocol • IPX/SPX can be used for peer-to-peer or client-server networking TCP/IP • An important protocol used widely on the Internet • A routable protocol • Supports communication with UNIX networks or any other network that work under the TCP/IP protocol – The base protocol in UNIX networks is TCP/IP • Can be used for configuring peer-to-peer as well as client-server networks of very large scale A TCP/IP Application Scenario Lab Workstation Workstation Local Router Internet Router The Internet Configure the workstation for Internet access by Installing TCP/IP. End of Module Module Basic TCP/IP Installation and Configuration TCP/IP Installation and Configuration • A two-step process • First, install the protocol – With many modern OSs such as Windows XP, it is automatically installed • Second, configure its properties – When TCP/IP is automatically installed, the properties are set to be obtained from a DHCP server – However, it is also possible to manually set the properties TCP/IP Installation Steps Start From Network Neighborhood/ Properties. Choose Network/ Properties TCP/IP protocol installed. Install Protocol Add Choose TCP/IP OK End Accessing the Window for TCP/IP Properties • Under different Windows operating systems the TCP/IP properties are accessed in different ways – The best and the most consistent way to access TCP/IP properties Windows is to go through the Control Panel and then select the Network Icon – Another way to access the properties is to go through Network Neighborhood – Thereafter, select the network properties (Based on the NIC) and then then continue to select the TCP/IP properties Accessing TCP/IP Properties Tab Start From Network Neighborhood/ Properties. Choose Network TCP/IP/ Properties Proceed Define TCP/IP properties TCP/IP Configuration Options • Dynamic IP – A DHCP server must be present in the network to issue dynamic IP – In a number of cases, the MAC address of the client is registered to prevent unauthorized leasing of IP addresses to clients • Static IP – Obtain the IP address specifications from the network administrator DHCP and TCP/IP Configuration • Without a DHCP server – Requires the static assignment of IP addresses and properties – The DHCP server need not reside on the same subnet • With a DHCP server – IP addresses etc. are automatically assigned by the DHCP server – Select the appropriate option for the TCP/IP address to be dynamically assigned by the DHCP server IP Address TCP/IP Properties Subnet Mask Gateway DNS TCP/IP Properties Advanced Assignment of Properties for TCP/IP • • • • IP address Subnet mask Gateway address DNS address – Preferred – Alternate, if available Alternate IP • If the computer is used on another network as well, an alternate IP address may also be set – It can be a private IP address – Or, it could well be a static IP address that is manually set IP Addresses for Restricted Internal LANs • For an internal network, only the IP addresses and the subnet masks need to be assigned – Note that subnet mask is not an IP address • Such networks will not have access to the outside world meaning that it would not have a connection to the Internet • There are also some IP addresses reserved for internal use that are known as private addresses – An example is 192.168.0.1 • For internal access, private IP addresses should preferably be used Facilitating External Access • A gateway address is required to facilitate external address • A gateway is generally a router that directs the traffic to the next segment of the network that would eventually be linked through a series of hops over network segment to its destination • There can be more than one gateway present in a network meaning that multiple gateway addresses can be entered in the TCP/IP properties window IP Address Assignment Summarized IP Address DHCP Obtain IP Address automatically Non-DHCP Specify IP Address IP Address 123.345.678.90 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 Gateway, DNS and WINS addresses End of Module Module Advanced TCP/IP Settings Accessing Advanced Properties • Advanced properties can be accessed from the tab marked advanced Advanced Properties of TCP/IP • IP settings • DNS • WINS • Options – Security related IP and Gateway Settings • Multiple IP addresses for the same NIC • Multiple gateways DNS • Multiple DNSs • Search suffix order • Registering current computer with the DNS server WINS • Setting multiple WINSs • Add LMHOST lookup • Set NetBIOS over TCP/IP to cater for older applications that rely on NetBIOS More on WINS • WINS Configuration – This can be configured if there is a WINS server on the network – The purpose of the WINS server is to resolve Windows client names into IP addresses – Windows names are not common in today’s environment as all computer names are based on TCP/IP Options • Set TCP/IP filtering by limiting access to certain ports for certain protocols TCP/IP Implementation and Configuration End Result • The workstation is ready for Internet access • Tasks possible – Access Internet • Note: The computer may have a name generated by the OS such as Windows XP The End