* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY
Passive optical network wikipedia , lookup
Piggybacking (Internet access) wikipedia , lookup
Registered jack wikipedia , lookup
Asynchronous Transfer Mode wikipedia , lookup
Net neutrality law wikipedia , lookup
Zero-configuration networking wikipedia , lookup
IEEE 802.1aq wikipedia , lookup
Network tap wikipedia , lookup
Deep packet inspection wikipedia , lookup
Airborne Networking wikipedia , lookup
Wake-on-LAN wikipedia , lookup
List of wireless community networks by region wikipedia , lookup
Computer network wikipedia , lookup
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet wikipedia , lookup
Cracking of wireless networks wikipedia , lookup
Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA) wikipedia , lookup
Internet protocol suite wikipedia , lookup
NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES (II) (Week 9, Thursday 3/8/2007) BUS3500 - Abdou Illia, Spring 2007 1 LEARNING GOALS Describe networking protocols and identify the major protocols used in business. Describe and contrast types of transmission techniques used in data networks and voice networks. 2 Protocols An agreed upon set of rules that govern communications in a network Example: TCP/IP suite, Ethernet, Token Ring Computer 1 Computer 2 Rules for Task 1 Rules for Task 1 Rules for Task 2 Rules for Task 2 Rules for Task 3 Rules for Task 3 Rules for Task 4 Rules for Task 4 Rules for Task 5 Rules for Task 5 3 TCP/IP TCP/IP suite is named after its two main protocols: TCP and IP Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Provides a reliable byte-stream transfer service between two endpoints on an internet Internet Protocol (IP) Defines a delivery mechanism for packets of data sent between all systems on an Internet It’s the protocol suite for the Internet Task Sample rules/protocols Application HTTP, FTP, SMTP Transport TCP, UDP Internet IP Physical Ethernet, Token Ring, PPP, Modem standards 4 Ethernet A set of rules for transmitting messages in LANs Most widely used protocol for LANs Uses a method called CSMA/CD* for wired LANs CSMA/CD* 1) 2) 3) 4) All computers (“carriers”) listen (“sense”) for traffic on the LAN If no traffic, computer that wishes to transmit may transmit If collision occurs, computers must wait a random amount of time The computer with smallest random number send again first. * Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection 5 Ethernet standards 802.3 CSMA/CD Speed: 10 Mbps 802.3 Ethernet 802.3u Fast Ethernet 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet 10Base-2 10Base-5 10Base-T 10Broad-36 100Base-TX 100Base-FX 100Base-T4 1000Base-SX 1000Base-LX 1000Base-CX 1000Base-CX + New 10Gbps standards 10Base-2 Distance: Signal type: 185 meters Baseband transmission - Speed: 10 Mbps - Signal type: Baseband w coaxial cable 10Base-2 - Distance: 185 meters/segment - No more than 30 nodes per segment - Nodes must be spaced at least 0.5 meters apart Thin Ethernet or Thinnet Speed: 10 Mbps 10Base-5 Distance: Signal type: 500 meters Baseband transmission - Speed: 10 Mbps - Signal type: Baseband w coax. cable 10Base-5 - Distance: 500 meters/segment - No more than 100 nodes per segment - Nodes must be spaced at least 2.5 meters intervals Thick Ethernet or Thicknet 6 Ethernet standards 802.3 CSMA/CD 802.3 Ethernet 10Base-2 10Base-5 10Base-T 10Broad-36 Speed: 10 Mbps 802.3u Fast Ethernet 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet 100Base-TX 100Base-FX 100Base-T4 1000Base-SX 1000Base-LX 1000Base-CX 1000Base-CX + New 10Gbps standard 10Base-T Medium: Signal type: Twisted Pair Baseband transmission 100Base-TX: Two Twisted-pairs of Category 5 UTP or STP 10Base-T - Speed: 10 Mbps - Signal type: Baseband - Distance: 100 m between Hub/Switch and node - No more than 1024 nodes per Hub/Switch - Star topology: physical star, logical bus - Uses CAT3 or better UTP with RJ-45 connectors 100Base-FX: Fiber-optic cabling using 2-strand cable 100Base-T4: Four Twisted-pairs of Category 3,4, or 5 UTP 1000Base-CX: Uses Twinaxial cable 1000Base-LX: Uses single-mode Fiber-optic cable (5 km) 1000Base-T: 4 Twisted-pairs of Cat. 5 UTP in full-duplex 7 Token Ring Other set of rules for transmitting messages in LANs Only one node “talks” at a time A node only transmit when it receives a special packet called a “Token” Only one Token on the ring No collisions 8 Transmitting Data in a Network Two major techniques: 1) Circuit switching network Traditionally used for voice transmission 2) Packet switching network Used for computer data transmission. 9 Voice & Data Communications Originally, There was a Sharp Distinction: Voice Communication Data Communications, in which one or both parties is a computer Database Electronic mail World Wide Web Distinction is fading because voice communication is increasingly computer-based 10 Circuit Switching Circuit capacity is reserved during duration of each call At each switch Reserved Capacity On each trunk line Reserved Capacity Circuit 11 Circuit Switching Nothing like congestion on the Internet Reserved Circuit Capacity is Expensive Pay for it whether you use it or not Good for voice, because conversations are fairly constant Bad for data, because most data transmission is bursty; e.g., in World Wide Web, download, then stare at screen for a long time until next download 12 Packet-Switching Data Networks Packet Switching Large messages are broken into small pieces called packets (or frames) Packets are short (averaging a few hundred bytes) because switches handle short messages efficiently Message Packets 13 Packet-Switching Data Networks Multiplexing Packets from many conversations are mixed (multiplexed) over each trunk line Packet Switching Multiplexing on Transmission Line 14 Summary Questions Malaga Notes 1) (a) What is a protocol? (b) Name few protocols used in network. 2) Could collisions occur in: (a) Ethernet LANs? (b) Token Ring LANs? 3) (a) What is the maximum speed in a 100BaseTX Ethernet LAN? (b) What kind of transmission media it uses? 4) Is Token Ring widely used? 5) What kind of switching technique is traditionally used in: (a) data networks? (b) voice networks 6) How do Circuit-Switching networks differ from PacketSwitching networks? 15 16 Problem Four students share a dorm. They would like to set up a network in order to share programs and data files. Three of the students own PCs and the fourth student has a laptop computer. a) What computing equipments they need to buy in order to set up the network with a star topology? b) Suppose that they decided to set up a P2P wired network. They have purchased a 4-port 10/100BASE-TX Ethernet hub at www.cdw.com. What kind of physical media they need to buy? 17