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Transcript
Local Area Network IntroductionIn general terms LAN refers to group of computers interconnected into a network so that they are able to communicate,exchange informaion and share resources.for eg.printer,file server.In other words the same computer resources can be used by multiple users in the network.Each computer in LAN can effectively send and receive any information.This information is in form of data packets. The LAN is high speed network that covers relatively small geographic area.such as single room,college campus etc.Every p.c.has a circuit board known as network interface card for interconnecting computer to each other.The server of a LAN system should have large capacity hard disk known as network server. Components of LAN1]Network devices- such as workstation,printers,file server which are normally accessed by all other computers. 2]Network communication devices-such as hubs,routers, switches used for network opreation. 3]Network interface card-for each netwwork device required to access the network. 4]Cable is physical tmansmission media. 5]Netwok opreating system-software application required to control the use of the network LAN standards. Network communication devices • 1]Router-A device that amplifies and regenerates signals,so that they can travel for longer distance on the cable. • 2]Router-The basic function of the router is to route the traffic from one network to another network efficientlyIt provides intelligent redundancy and security required to select the optimum path.Usually routers are used for connecting remote networks. • 3]Hub-A typical hub is a multi-port repeater.The signals received at the backbone is regenerated and transmitted • to all other ports. Internet access over LAN There are various methods of connecting a LAN to the internet gateway,which are as follows. • • • • • • 1]Dial-up 2]Leased Line 3]ISDN 4]VSAT Technology 5]RF Technology 6]Cable Modem Switch A network switch is a small hardware device that multiple computer together within one local area network.This a device with multiple port which forwards packets from one port to another.In case of 10mbps ethernet switch,each port supports dedicated 10mbps bandwidth.Ethernet switch is fast emerging as a replacement of the traditional thick backbone and best way to improve perfornmance of the network.switch configure themselves automatically.They listen to traffic on each ethernet port and discover to which port each attached device is connected. Wide area network A wide area network spans or covers large geographic Area often a country.It contains a no.of machines which Are running user application and programs.We can call these Host.The host are connected to the subnet.The subnet are Owned by the customer pc’s,where a subnet is typically owned and operated by telephone computer or internet serveice Provider.The job of the host is to carry message from host to host just as a telephone system which carries words from speaker to listener. Metropolitan area network A metropolitan are network Covers city.The best known eg.of MAN is the cable television network available in many cities.This system grows up or used in area where the poor air television reception.In MAN a larege antina was palced on the top of near by hill and signal was biked to the customer house There are no.of companies Begans jumping into this business and getting contract from the city govt. to wire up the entire city. The next step was tv Programming and even entire channels were specialised Such as all news,all sports,all movies and so on. Network topology Network topology is the way to connect computer or Devices to the network. 1]BUS tolpology-In this topology all computers share same bus ie.single communication channel.Every computer can Communicate with each Other directly.This is the most commonly used network topology.In this topology if fault occurs it is very difficult to fint the fault. 2]RING topology- This topology connects the local pc together in a ring shape using a single communication channel in a close loop.In this network data travels around the ring to each pc till it arrives at the required destination. 3]STAR topology-This topology connects all computers to a central hub.Here the computer connect directly to a central hub for communicate with each other then they can send singnal through a central hub. 4]MESH topology-This is the variation of ginr network or topology.There all computer are connented directly so that they can be direct communication between the computer. Transmission Prototcol • 1]FTP-It is the file transfer protocol used to transfer files • • • • • Between computers.This works on client server technology. 2] Telnet-It is used for connect one computer to another Computer.This also works on client server technology. 3] 3]SMTP-Simple mail transfer protocol ie used for send the electronic mail. 4]DHCP-The dynamic host configuration protocol is used to assign the IP address to the network cards. 5]TCP-Transport control protocol is a connection oriented reliable Protocol working at transport layer. 6] IP-Internet protocol is used for software addesssing of computer and works at data link layer. • 7]UDP-User datagram protocol is aconnection less unreliable protocol working at the transport layer. • 8]ICMP-Internet control message protocol is used to perform network error reporting and status.It works at the transport layer. • 9]IGMP-Internet group management protocol is used to manage multicast groups and works at the transport layer. • 10]APR-Address resolution protocol is used to resolvee the hardware address of the card to package the ethernet data.It works at data link layer. • 11]RARP-Reserver address protocol used for disk less computers to determine their IP address using the network.It works at data link layer.