Download Computers Are Your Future

Computers Are
Your Future
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Computers Are Your Future
Chapter 14
Enterprise Computing
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 2
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
What You Will Learn About
 Enterprise computing
 Business processes and their flow within
an organization
 Information systems that are managed in a centralized
vs. distributed manner
 The tools that are commonly used in enterprise
computing
 Enterprise storage systems
 Electronic data interchange
 Teleconferencing
 Telecommuting and workgroup commuting
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 3
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Enterprise Computing
 An enterprise is a business organization.
 Enterprise computing is the use of technology,
information systems, and computers within a
business.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 4
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Business Processes and Activities
 Business processes are activities that have an
identifiable output and add value to an organization’s
customers.
 Information systems are used to give a business a
competitive advantage.
Employees
Information
Partners
Suppliers
Customer
Enterprise
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 5
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Enterprise Systems
 Enterprise systems are information systems that
allow companies to integrate information across
operations on an organization-wide basis.
 Enterprise systems:
 Provide a common information storage area available to all
corporate users
 Help companies find ways to increase goods and services,
customer satisfaction, and profitability
 Are composed of hardware, software, people, and
procedures
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 6
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Enterprise Systems
 Globalization refers to conducting business
internationally, where the transaction of goods and
services is transparent to the consumer.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 7
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Centralized vs. Distributed Structures
 Centralized structures are managed by a central
IT department.
 Each network entity contains the same software and
configuration settings.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 8
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Centralized vs. Distributed Structures
 Distributed structures enable each user to customize their
technology tools.
 Each network entity contains its own software and
configuration settings.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 9
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
 Business process reengineering is the use of
information technology to bring about major changes
and cost savings in an organization.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 10
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Applying Technology in the Enterprise
Currency:
 All technology in an organization is more or less current.
 Technology users have a certain comfort level in using
the technology.
 Tension exists between the current system and the most
current technology available.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 11
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Applying Technology in the Enterprise
Upgrading:
 Things to consider when
upgrading technology:
 Impact on the user
 Will hardware need to be
upgraded?
 Cost of the upgrade
 Centralized structures are easier
and less costly to upgrade than
distributed structures.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 12
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Applying Technology in the Enterprise
Maintenance:
 Centralized structures are easier and less costly to maintain
than distributed structures.
 Users must be trained to use the new technology.
Scalability:
 Scalability is how well a hardware or software system can
adapt to increased demands.
 Scalability ensures an organization’s systems won’t become
obsolete as user needs and demands grow.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 13
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Applying Technology in the Enterprise
Interoperability:
 Interoperability is the ability of software and hardware
from different vendors to share data.
 All computers on a network can interact seamlessly.
Disaster Recovery
 A disaster recover plan is a written plan with detailed
instructions on what is to be done if disaster strikes.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 14
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Applying Technology in the Enterprise
Adding Workstations and Applications:
 Problems can occur as new workstations and applications
are added.
 Single point of failure (SPOF) is when a failure of any
one component will cause a malfunction in an entire
system.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 15
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Applying Technology in the Enterprise
Adding a Network:
 Zero configuration
(Zeroconf) is a method
used to network
devices via an Ethernet
cable that doesn’t
require configuration
and administration.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 16
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Tools for Enterprise Computing
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP):
 Software that integrates all facets of a business
 Replaces standalone computer systems with a single
unified software program
 Drawbacks of ERP systems:
 One department impacts every other department in the
organization.
 Resistance to change can lead to failure.
 Cost and time to implement the system may be prohibitive.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 17
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Tools for Enterprise Computing
Customer Relationship Management (CRM):
 CRM software tracks interactions between a company and
its customers with a focus on customer retention.
 Computerization has changed the way organizations
manage their customers; more of the relationship is being
managed electronically.
Sales Force Automation (SFA):
 SFA uses software to automate sales tasks: processing and
tracking orders, managing contacts, monitoring inventory,
analyzing sales forecasts.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 18
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Tools for Enterprise Computing
Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL):
 XBRL is an XML-based specification for publishing the
financial information of an enterprise.
 XML data tags are based on standardized accounting
definitions.
Application Service Providers (ASP):
 Third-party entities that manage and distribute softwarebased services are known as ASPs.
 Enterprises can outsource their information technology
needs to ASPs.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 19
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Tools for Enterprise Computing
Operational Support System (OSS):
 A suite of programs that enables an enterprise to monitor,
analyze, and manage a network system
Enterprise Application Integration (EAI):
 A combination of processes, software, standards, and
hardware that integrates two or more enterprise systems
 Enables sharing of data
 Four categories of EAI:




Database linking
Applications linking
Data warehousing
Common virtual system
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 20
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Enterprise Storage Systems
Redundant Array of
Independent Disks (RAID):
 A RAID device is two or more
disk drives used in combination
for fault tolerance and
performance.
 All information is recorded on
both disk drives.
 Redundancy is the key.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 21
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Enterprise Storage Systems
CD/DVD Jukeboxes:
 Enable storing, managing,
accessing, and sharing DVDROMs and CDs
Network-Attached Storage
(NAS):
 Server dedicated to file sharing
 Provides data to the user
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 22
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Enterprise Storage Systems
Storage Area Network (SAN):
 High-speed subnetwork of shared storage devices
 All storage devices made available to all servers
Network-Attached Storage (NAS):
 High performance devices for data and file sharing
 Only supplies data to users
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 23
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Enterprisewide Technologies
Web Portals:
 Web sites that offer an array of resources and services are
called Web portals.
 AOL was one of the first portals.
 The centralized management areas help create consistent
business processes.
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI):
 EDI provides as set of standards for the transfer of data
between different companies using networks.
 It is used as a mechanism for companies to buy, sell, and
trade information.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 24
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Enterprisewide Technologies
Intranet :
 An intranet is a network based on TCP/IP protocols
accessible only by an organization’s members.
 Intranets are used to share information.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 25
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Enterprisewide Technologies
Extranet:
 An extranet is an Intranet that is accessible to authorized
outsiders.
 Extranets allow business partners to share information.
Virtual Private Network (VPN):
 A VPN is constructed by using public wires that are leased
to only one company to connect nodes.
 Encryption and security measures ensure only authorized
users can access the network.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 26
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Enterprisewide Technologies
 Computer-based training (CBT) is a form of
computer-based education that uses multimedia,
animation, and programmed learning.
 Web-based training (WBT) is CBT using the
Internet or an intranet.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 27
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Enterprisewide Technologies
Teleconferencing:
 When two or more people use
telecommunication and
computers to conduct business
activities
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 28
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Enterprisewide Technologies
Telecommuting:
 Connecting to the office using telecommunications and
computers from home
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 29
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Enterprisewide Technologies
Workgroup computing:
 Specific hardware and software that enables a group of
people to connect, communicate, and collaborate
Groupware:
 Software that provides support for the information needs
of workgroups
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 30
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Chapter 14 Summary
 Enterprise computing is the use of technology,
information systems, and computers within an
organization or business.
 Business processes are activities that have an
identifiable output and add value to an organization’s
customers.
 In a centralized structure, the management of
technology is centered in the IT department.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 31
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Chapter 14 Summary (continued)
 Tools commonly used in enterprise computing include:







Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
Customer relationship management (CRM)
Sales force automation (SFA)
Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL)
Application service providers (ASPs)
Operational support systems (OSS)
Enterprise application integration (EAI)
 Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) employs two
or more drives that contain the same data in combination for
fault tolerance and performance.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 32
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14
Chapter 14 Summary (continued)
 Electronic data exchange is a set of standards that
specify how to transfer data and documents using
networks.
 Teleconferencing is conducting business using
telecommunications and computer equipment by
more than two people separated by distance.
 An employee who works from home while connected
to a business is telecommuting.
© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Slide 33