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Report on the Improved RMTN project
Doc. 3.3 (2) Presentation version
RA II/ICM-GTS 2003 (Moscow, 8 to 10 September 2003)
Contents
1. Background
2. Status of progress of the improved RMTN
2.1 Implementation of circuits
2.2 Migration to TCP/IP
2.3 Seeking cost-effective connections
2.3.1 Frame Relay services
2.3.2 IP-VPN services
2.3.3 Internet links
2.4 Complementary systems
2.4.1 Satellite broadcasting
2.4.2 Internet server systems
3. Prospect on foundations of the Improved RMTN
3.1 IMTN Network II (a core of the Improved RMTN)
3.2 Understanding of network service providers
3.3 Asian market of network services
4. Suggestions in further improving
Submitted By Hiroyuki Ichijo (Japan)
Rapporteur on the improved RMTN
1. Background
Use of managed
data network
services
Strengthen the overall GTS capabilities
with cost-effectiveness and technical trends
Improved MTN project
1999
ideas
Collaborative implementation
by a small number of
managed networks
2002
2003
2004
Improved RMTN project
Feasibility study
• Implementation of several networks
with appropriate groups
• Step by step approach towards ultimate
goal of collaborative implementation
endorsed by
RA II 12th session
2000
2001
Migration to
TCP/IP
Practical discussion and
coordination by ET-IMTN
• Administrative issues
• Implementation plan by
Networks I and II
Practical discussion and
coordination by each group
Training Seminar
Step by step implementation
on bilateral basis
Collaborative implementation
of Networks I and II
a core
A possible configuration of the improved RMTN
Improved RMTN
Northern part (Group IID) Network
Moscow
Tashkent
Zone of
responsibility of
RTH Tashkent
Novosibirsk
Zone of
responsibility of
RTH Novosibirsk
Khabarovsk
Zone of
responsibility of
RTH Khabarovsk
Offenbach
Tehran
Zone of
responsibility of
RTH Tehran
Zone of
responsibility of
RTH Jeddah
Zone of
responsibility of
RTH Tokyo
Improved MTN
Network II
Tokyo
Beijing
Jeddah
Improved RMTN
Western part (Group IIC)
Network
New Delhi
Zone of
responsibility of
RTH New Delhi
Improved RMTN
Southern part (Group IIB)
Network
Zone of
responsibility of
RTH Beijing
Bangkok
Zone of
responsibility of
RTH Bangkok
Improved RMTN
Eastern part (Group IIA)
Network
2. Status of progress of the improved RMTN
Objectives of the first stage:
1) Migration to TCP/IP
for
saving the both of costs and human resources
allowing latitude in selecting a network service
2) Extrication from expensive leased circuits
for
saving recurrent costs
obtaining flexible connectivity
 Seeking cost-effective alternatives to leased circuits,
Frame Relay, IP-VPN …
Use of the Internet is now being discussed by many centres.
2.1 Implementation of circuits
Regional plan
: 78 circuits
Implemented
: 67 circuits
Implementation rate : 86 %
(as of Aug. 2003)
NMCs Baghdad, Kabul and Phnom Penh are isolated from the GTS.
Low speed circuits are still more than half.
100%
3
10
More than
9600bps
11
18
75%
25
22
18
33
18
2400 to 9600
(inclusive)
less than
2400bps
15
9
50%
5
38
33
25%
32
28
28
21
0%
Feb 1997
Aug 1999
Sep 2000
Jan 2002
Aug 2003
2005 (plan)
Progress of improvement in circuit speed in RA II
The number
of circuits
2.2 Migration to TCP/IP
Achievement rate : about 35% ( as of August 2003)
Estimation rate
: over 50% by the end of 2005
number of circuits
50
Additional circuits
Interregional circuits
40
Regional circuits
MTN circuits
30
20
10
0
Feb 1997
Aug 1999
Sep 2000
Jan 2002
Progress in migration to TCP/IP in RA II
Aug 2003
2005 (plan)
2.3 Seeking cost-effective connections
2.3.1 Frame Relay services
Bilateral basis FR : 6 circuits
Collaborative FR : 3 circuits (as of August 2003)
number of circuits
14
Additional circuits
12
10
Interregional circuits
Regional circuits
MTN circuits
8
6
4
2
0
Feb 1997
Aug 1999
Sep 2000
Jan 2002
Aug 2003
Growth in introducing of Frame Relay circuits in RA II
2005 (plan)
Two approaches to establish Frame Relay links
Bilateral basis approach
(improved RMTN Group IIA
strategy)
Collaborative approach
(IMTN project)
Administrative
view
Multi-end-contract
# the traditional peer-to-peer
method for GTS circuits
# Easy to coordinate
One-stop-contract
# a new collaborative framework
among centres
# Not easy to coordinate
Technical view
Network-to-Network
Interconnection (NNI)
# Inter-connection of two
providers / telecom carriers
# Committed Information Rate
(CIR) : Symmetric only
Seamless connection
# connection through a network
managed by a single provider
# Committed Information Rate
: Symmetric or Asymmetric
Bilateral basis approach (Strategy of the improved RMTN Group IIA)
Traditional method : bilateral contract/billing
Frame Relay
Network
X
Frame Relay
NNI Network
Y
Collaborative approach (IMTN project)
New method : one-stop concept
(a) one-stop contract/billing
(b) one-stop contract & multi-end billing
2.3.2 IP-VPN services
There is no VPN circuit in RA II.
One of VPN services is IP-VPN which is different in backbone management
from Internet VPN.
IP
IP Label
VPN
group
IP Label
IP
Core Router
CE
PE
Closed
IP network
by a provider
VPN group
CE
PE
Core Router
PE
CE
CE
Core Router
Provider’s PEs and Core Routers based on MPLS have Label Tables and switch IP packets
forward according to the Tables.
CE : Customer Edge Router
PE : Provider Edge Router
VPN : Virtual Private Network
MPLS : Multi Protocol Label Switching
IP-VPN with MPLS
IP
ESP AH IP
IPsec
Product
IP
ESP AH IP
Internet
IPsec
Product
VPN group
VPN group
IPsec
Product
IPsec VPN products add/remove the ESP for encryption and encapsulation and the AH
for authentication to/from an IP packet.
ESP : Encapsulation Secure Payload
AH : Authentication Header
Internet VPN with IPsec
2.3.3 Internet links
Current
: 5 circuits (as of August 2003)
Estimation
: 9 circuits by the end of 2005
number of circuits
10
Additional circuits
8
Interregional circuits
Regional circuits
6
MTN circuits
4
2
0
Feb 1997
Aug 1999
Sep 2000
Jan 2002
Aug 2003
Growth in GTS circuits through the Internet in RA II
2005 (plan)
2.4 Complementary systems
2.4.1 Satellite broadcasting systems
• Being used for a complement of GTS point-to-point links and a backup
source.
• PCVSAT (2-way) by China, TV-inform-Meteo by Russia, Data broadcast
through World Space Satellite Digital Audio Broadcast by India, MDD by
EUMETSAT, WAFS (ISCS, SADIS) and UKSF/WWW
Broadcast type
DAB: Digital Audio Broadcasting
DVB: Digital Video Broadcasting
2 way VSAT type
SADIS/UKSF (WAFS broadcast / WWW data by UK satellite Facility)
2.4.2 Internet server systems
• With improving Internet connectivity of Members, Internet data serving
method is becoming one of convenient and promising complement systems.
• A number of RTHs/NMCs operate their own servers and provide WWW data.
We must keep track of both of positive and negative aspects of the Internet !
Hidden
cost
Heavy
load
Positive aspect : Good opportunities for innovation
The Internet always leads IT innovation
INTERNET
anytime, anywhere, anyone
any medium, any contents
EC site, Video on Demand, Network Game
Music & Movie streaming, On-line shopping
Home security
Negative aspect : Security risks
Victims
Target hosts
Step mail servers
with security holes
Step hosts with
security holes
Simultaneous
attacks
INTERNET
Spam
Attack trigger
There are bad guys in the world
Internet diffusion
INTERNET
Feb. 1991
Internet full connectivity
Not Internet but Bitnet
E-mail only (UUCP etc)
No connectivity
June 1997
3 Prospect on foundations of the Improved RMTN
3.1 IMTN Network II (a core of the Improved RMTN)
• The IMTN project is now in the implementation stage and will be completed in 2004.
• The IMTN Network II is established as extension of RA VI RMDCN which is a well
managed Frame Relay network under the contract between ECMWF and Equant.
• Beijing already has joined the RMDCN. New Delhi, Jeddah and Tokyo will join soon.
Network I
Beijing
Tokyo
Melbourne
Washington
Buenos Aires
Brasilia
Moscow
New Delhi
Sofia
Prague
Bracknell
Jeddah
Network II
Offenbach
Nairobi
Dakar
Cairo
Toulouse
Algiers
3.2 Understanding of network service providers
• Find the right price
Cut-price with an excessive discount often means a trade-off in service quality. We
must keep a balance between price and quality in our minds.
• Assess the quality
We should try to understand each provider’s specific characteristics in backbone
network, reliability and availability, performance such as burst limits and round-trip
delay, and support capabilities such as help desk services, monitoring and report
procedures and local language support.
• Understand difficulties
* PTT monopoly often makes a network service less reliable and more expensive.
* In case of a bilateral connection, nothing goes well without technical compatibility
and a contractual agreement between PTTs.
* In case of a seamless connection by a single provider, it is very hard to coordinate
administrative issues on one-stop basis among individual NMHSs and the provider.
3.3 Asian market of network service providers
• Generally the Asian telecom market is inactive except for the Internet business
since the recent recession. New investments by global network service providers
have inclined to concentrate on potential markets such as China and India.
• Although each country’s PTT is trying to gradually phase out legacy facilities,
its progress is slow in some countries of PTT monopoly. Such poor domestic
infrastructure affects reliability and cost-effectiveness of international
connections.
• Increasing the number of available providers in eastern Asia has ceased and
then unbelievable discounting in late 1990s is coming to an end.
• In business use, the network trend is gradually moving from Frame Relay to
VPN services. IP-VPN services are currently available domestically in developed
countries and being available internationally among big cities in the world.
The coverage of TCP/IP based services will expand on the worldwide level
absorbing traditional telephone networks.
4. Suggestions in further improving
1) Acceleration of TCP/IP migration
All of RMTN circuits in RA II should migrate to pure TCP/IP links
with a first priority in the first step. Delay of implementation in one
centre may extinguish the whole benefit.
Some NMCs have difficulties in TCP/IP migration. Their telecom systems
are already obsolete and have no capability to handle the TCP/IP
protocol suite. Lack of expertise and funds definitely obstructs
replacement of their systems.
Technical and financial support in the early stage of the
transition will be effective for promotion of the migration. Related
RTHs and WMO Secretariat should consider possible support.
2) Selecting an appropriate network service with a possible framework
There are options in cost-effective network services (i.e. FR, IP-VPN).
Regarding the contract aspect, in addition to a bilateral framework which
is the current strategy, a one-stop collaboration is becoming an option
(e.g. further extension of the IMTN Network II).
Since there are various differences in technical developments and
administrative conditions from part to part in RA II, an appropriate
network service and its contractual framework are not to be always the
same.
Each group and/or part (an RTH and NMCs concerned) should examine
and discuss their best solution. In other words, an appropriate
network service with a possible contractual framework should
be selected by each group/part.
3) Use of the Internet for a GTS circuit as the very end solution
The use of the Internet is one of convenient solutions to upgrade the
current GTS circuits, especially asynchronous low speed ones.
But there are serious risks in security and performance guarantee, as
well-known. At present, all centre should first challenge the ordinary
approach to the best solution. If the ordinary approach would be
very difficult, the Internet use should be considered.
In case of GTS circuits through the Internet, introduce of VPN
techniques is recommended according to “Guide on Virtual
Private Networks (VPN) via the Internet between GTS centres”
developed by OPAG-ISS.
4) Practical use of consulting and marketing companies
It is desirable to use detailed survey reports provided by
telecom consulting and marketing companies in identifying
available and adequate data communication services and network
providers for RMTN and also national networks.
5) Building up technical information to help NMCs facing difficulty
The on-line information resources on the GTS are available on the WMO
Web server. Although this site is very useful for all the GTS centres,
there seems be still room for improvement and enhancement. WMO
Secretariat should strengthen the on-line information resources
on the GTS from the view to help small NMCs having no
expertise in cooperation with voluntary experts.
In this regard, here are some ideas from GTS colleagues:
• to add easier contents aiming at a newcomer to telecom section,
beginner’s dictionary and necessary extractions from textbooks;
• to increase trivial but necessary tips in the implementation collected
from centres;
• to add the latest information on telecom marketing and network
providers;
• to update contents timely;
• to build a virtual help desk to answer questions from NMCs and to
prepare FAQ.
Current status of RMTN in RA II (as of August 25, 2003)
RTH in Region II
Washington
NMC in Region II
Moscow
Centre in other region
64K
MTN circuit
Regional circuit
Interregional circuit
Additional circuit
No implementation
Non-IP link
IP link
NI
9.6K
100
Ashgabad 100
NI
NI
Tehran
NI
2.4K
1200
Internet
64K
Internet
50
100
Algiers
Cairo
50
100
75
75
Doha
200
1200
NI
64K
128K
Kathmandu
100
Cairo
75
Male
NI
Hanoi
Macao
Dhaka
50
200
Hong Kong
100
Internet
Colombo
Melbourne
Yangon
200
64K
2.4K
Singapore
Frame Relay
CIR<16/16K>
1200
Bangkok
75
Frame Relay
CIR<16/16K>
200
9.6K
Vientiane
50
Frame Relay
CIR<16/16K>
75
Moscow
2.4K
50
Seoul
64K
50
Internet
Muscat
Frame Relay
CIR<16/16K>
9.6K
New Delhi
75
Frame Relay
CIR<32/32K>
Frame Relay
CIR<32/32K>
64K
Internet
Emirates
Sanaa
Offenbach
Kabul
Karachi
Tokyo
Beijing
Frame Relay
CIR<48/48K>
NI
Bahrain
Jeddah
1200
PyongYang
NI
Kuwait
100
4.8K
Dushanbe
NI
14.4K
Ulaanbaatar
Tashkent
75
Baghdad
7.2-28.8K
(V.34)
9.6-28.8K
(V.34)
Bishkek
Khabarovsk
Frame Relay
CIR<32/768K>
7.2-28.8K (V.34)
9.6K
via Moscow
-32.5K (V.34)
via Moscow
Almaty
19.2-24K (V.34)
NI
7.2-28.8K (V.34)
Novosibirsk
9.6-19.2K (V.34)
Offenbach
7.2K
64K
Frame Relay
CIR<16/32K>
Manila
NI
Phnom Penh
Kuala Lumpur
Melbourne
Plans of RMTN in RA II for 2003-2005
RTH in Region II
Washington
NMC in Region II
Centre in other region
NI
9.6-19.2K
(V.34)
NI
19.2-24K
(V.34)
9.6K
NI
64K
64K
Tehran
Internet
100
NI
NI
50
64K
Doha
Jeddah
64K
NI
64K
50
Internet
64K
Emirates
CIR<16/16K>
New Delhi
128K
50
75
Kathmandu
Internet
Dhaka
Internet
Muscat
75
Male
Internet
Colombo
Algiers
Melbourne
Internet
Yangon
Internet
NI
Hanoi
64K
Frame Relay
CIR<16/16K>
Singapore
Macao
9.6K
Vientiane
1200
Bangkok
75
Cairo
Hong Kong
100
50
200
Frame Relay
CIR<16/16K>
75
Moscow
2.4K
100
Seoul
64K
Frame Relay
Cairo
200
Frame Relay
CIR<16/16K>
9.6K
Internet
Sanaa
Frame Relay
CIR<32/32K>
Offenbach
1200
Internet
Frame Relay
CIR<48/48K>
Beijing
Frame Relay
CIR<48/48K>
NI
Karachi
200
CIR<8/8K>
Kabul
100
Bahrain
75
75
Frame Relay
Dushanbe
Tokyo
PyongYang
Ulaanbaatar
Tashkent
14.4-28.8K(V.34)
9.6K
7.2-28.8K(V.34)
NI
Kuwait
64K
9.6-28.8K (V.34)
Khabarovsk
7.2-28.8K(V.34)
via Moscow
-32.5K(V.34)
via Moscow
Bishkek
75
NI
7.2-28.8K(V.34)
Novosibirsk
Almaty
Ashgabad 100
Offenbach
Baghdad
Frame Relay
CIR<32/768K>
64K
MTN circuit
Regional circuit
Interregional circuit
Additional circuit
No implementation
Non-IP link
IP link
Plan
Frame Relay
64K
Moscow
Frame Relay
CIR<16/16K>
200
Frame Relay
CIR<16/16K>
Frame Relay
CIR<16/32K>
Manila
NI
Phnom Penh
Kuala Lumpur
Melbourne