Download Server - DePaul University

02/12/00 Strategic Requirements Approach
John Tullis
DePaul Instructor
[email protected]
page 1
Web
E-business defined
Universal access
 Standards

e-business
Using Internet technologies to
connect critical business systems to
key constituencies
(customers, suppliers, distributors)
IT
Data/applications
 Core business processes
 Reliability, security
and availability
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page 2
Determining where the organization is and needs to be
helps to develop a roadmap to get there.
Source: McKenna Group e-business Study, June 1998
Increased Infrastructural Impact
Internally
Internet
Use the
a Website
Establish
Focus
Adoption
Stage of
A.Awareness
(read only)
Systems
Systems
Process(es) Process(es)
on Core
Core
Business
Core
Access to Transactions
Core
Redefine
Allow
Allow
Improve
B. Presence
1. Pilot
Industry Chasm
Insurance Security Industry
Telecom
Web Publishing
Investment Integration
2. Adoption 3.Process Process
4. Cross
Industry Chasm
Retail Value
Business
Industry
Mfg.
Industry
Travel
e-business
page 3
The IT project lifecycle as it relates to e-business,
infrastructure, or technology can be mapped out as follows:
Determining where you are in the lifecycle, and what steps need
to be taken helps ensure that emphasis is placed on exploiting
technology as the servant of the requirements of the
organization and business.
Implementation
Design
Architecture
Strategy
Assessment
ENGAGEMENTS
page 4
The goal of todays e-business Technology/Infrastructure assessment is to
help determine gaps, tactical and strategic directions.
STRATEGIC PLANNING
ASSESSMENT
- Where am I
- How did I get here
- What are my strengths
- What are my weaknesses
- What technology am I
using
- How do I support the current
infrastructure
- What is my organizational
structure
- Where am I going
- How am I meeting business
objectives
IMPLEMENTATION
- W hat do I do
- How do I do it
- When do I do it
- Who does it
- What are the risks
- In what order do I change
- Do I have the necessary
skills
- Operational readiness
- Why should I change
- Where am I going
- How do I get there
- How do I use my strengths
- How do I reduce my
weaknesses
- What technology do I use
- How does my support
change
- How does my organizational
structure change
- Linkage to corporate
objectives
e-business Strategy is a Living, Evolving Process that must be continually
reviewed and evaluated.
page 5
In building an e-business, emphasis is usually placed on technology.
However, if the focus is supporting the requirements of the business
then the emphasis shifts to exploiting technology to support the
business infrastructure.
sucoF ygetartS
Technical
Enables the architecture
Links the organization
Automates the process
Organizational
integrated processes
Executes optimal and
Processes
repeatable
Makes necessary tasks
page 6
General discussion information for building a technology infrastructure to
support e-business.
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What Web enabled applications are in place today?
 Internal Internet Usage/applications
–Mail/POP3
–FTP
–Gopher services
–Telnet
–WWW Browsing
–Other
External Internet applications
–Web advertising/communication page
–Linkage to back end systems such as registration,
libraries, financial aid
–Advertising links on service providers such as Yahoo
Intranet
–Student applications
–Administrative applications
–Educational applications
Extranet, e-business, e-commerce
–"Organization" to vendors
–e-business/e-commerce
page 7
General discussion information continued...
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What are the usage volumes and usage patterns of the applications
discussed?
How critical is their availability and performance to the "Organization"
today?
What significant technical/infrastructure issues exist today with these
appications?
What is the general student perception of these applications?
What is the "Organization"/Administrations perception of these
applications?
What is the current budget and financial support for Web applications?
What are the desired Web applications that will be built in the next six to
twelve months?
What is the desired Web application and usage vision long term?
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Web Application Server
WebSphere Application Server/WebLogic
GO
Webserver
Domino
Webserver
Apache
Webserver
Netscape
Webserver
NT/Win 95
AIX, Solaris, ...
S/390, AS/400
page 9
Microsoft
Webserver
External
Network Infrastructure
Services
 Standards-based Internet
technologies & protocols
Design Target
 Web centered, multi-tier
Connectors
 Access to existing data
and applications
Web Management Server

Java client management
Web Application
Servers
 Business logic
 Data services
Clients
 Thin client model
 Server managed
Content
Application Programming Model
 Common Java based
 Write once, run anywhere
Web-enabled Application
Servers
 Mail, collaboration,
data, transactions
page 10
Standard Infrastructure
 TCP/IP, SSL, X.509v3
 URL, LDAP
 HTTP/HTML, IIOP
 Border Services
Connectors
Standard App Protocols
SMTP, POP/IMAP
NNTP, IRC, ...
Java
External Services
Applications and
Data
ServletBeans
EnterpriseBeans
Web Appl
Servers
Java
AppletBeans
Clients
Web, mail, news, business, ...
Universal access ... PCs --> Tier 0
Content
Web-enabled Application Servers
Mail, Collaboration, Data,
Transactions
page 11
Technology environment - Server

Can you describe and review the software technologies currently
being used to support e-business? Discussion to focus on current and
future technologies.
Operating System - Windows NT, Windows 2000, Linux, AIX, Solaris, HP-UX
e-business server - Apache, MS IIS, Domino, WebSphere Commerce, ATG
Dynamo, Broadvision, Blue Martini
Content, Web, Commerce, Database Servers
e-business layered products - Windows/Performance add ons - Netscape
analyze, IIS Stat
e-business database - Oracle/DB2 UDB
e-business communications/interfaces - MQSeries, CORBA ORB
DNS/DHCP
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Can you describe and review the server hardware technology
currently in place to support e-business? Discuss curent and future
needs and requirements.
Unix vs Intel based - Configurations and Performance
Server vs Workstation based
Describe fault tolerance and redundancy of hardware
Describe test hardware in place
Backup and Recovery technologies
page 12
Technology environment - Networks

Can you describe the following Network technologies used to
support e-business servers and connectivity. Focus on present
issues and future design plans? Focus on capacity, performance,
redundancy, diversity, recoverability.
Switches, Routers, Hubs in Core
Campus connectivity and Network topology from core to edge
Switches, Routers, Hubs in edge/wiring closets
Wiring topology
Server Connectivity to Internet
Firewall/Security
Wan connectivity to remote sites and offices - frame relay, pt to pt circuits,
fractional T's
Dial Up connectivity
Review Protocols & Standards
Availability & Service Levels
Traffic Dynamics
page 13
Technology environments - Client/ Workstation

Can you describe and discuss the current workstation/user
environment? Review current issues and future designs.
Hardware - What is the typical user device?
Printer/Print Server
Network connectivity - Performance and Network link such at 10BT or
100BT
Operating System - Win NT, 95
Office Automation Software - MS Suite
Application software internal to "Organization"
Menuing software to help user navigate sites
Layered Software on client
Browser Software on client
Network computer and Web application enablement
page 14
The Systems Management Life Cycle approach facilitates selecting a
strategic technology solution, designing and deploying the technology
and infrastructure.
Assessment
Strategy
Solution Selection
High Level Design
Alternate
Sourcing
Detailed Design
Development
Operation
Deployment
Delivery Management
page 15
Multiple approaches can be taken during Phase 2. The most appropriate
solution path(s) are selected during Solution Selection.
Strategy
Solution Selection
Phase 1
Select
Strategic
Solution
Assessment
Alternate
Sourcing
Operation
Delivery Management
page 16
Phase 2
Service
Delivery
Infrastructure
Design
Phase 3
Process
Specific
Point
Solution
Design &
Deploy
Solution
Tool
Driven
Design
Deliver
Service
Potential Execution Paths
A process model provides the foundation for performing an
assessment of processes.
Understand Customer
Requirements
Market IT Offerings
Administer Service Levels
Provide IT Operational Support
to Customers
Manage Customer Satisfaction
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Manage IT Finance
Procure Services and
Components
Price Offerings & Administer
Customer Contracts
Manage IT Inventory and Assets
Manage Security
Manage Human Resources
Manage Skills Portfolio
Maintain Configuration
Information
Manage Availability
Manage Facilities Supporting
IT
Manage Backup and
Recovery
Manage IT Continuity
Manage Performance and
Capacity
Manage Problems
Manage Events
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Enable Service
Delivery Requirements
Match Resources to
Commitments
Perform Services
Sustain Service
Delivery Capability
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Satisfy
Customer
Relationships
Establish IT Management
System Framework
Plan IT Management
System
Evaluate IT Management
System
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Manage
IT
Business
Value
Support IT
Services and
Solutions
Deploy
Solutions
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Define Change
Management Practices
Plan Deployment
Administer Change
Implement Change
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Establish IT Value
Conduct Research
Develop IT Strategy
Justify Offerings &
Infrastructure Portfolio
Define IT Architecture
Develop/Track IT Plan
Understand Solution
Requirements
Design Solutions
Construct and Integrate
Solutions
Test Solutions
Gain Customer Acceptance
and Certification
page 17
How are the following Processes are performed, maintained, and managed
for e-business?
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Change Management and application staging process
Problem Managment and recovery process
Backup and recovery of e-business systems
What Operational processes are in place and how does
Operations interact with e-business systems?
IT Disaster Recovery process - How is Disaster Recovery
established for e-business systems?
Business Recovery process - What process is in place for the
business to recover from e-business application problems?
Availability Management process - How do you monitor availability
today, and what process is in place to recover from availabilty or
performance problems for e-business?
Call Management and Help Desk process - Can you describe the
process for supporting and training end users and
establishing/monitoring users, user policies, and service levels?
page 18
How are the following Processes are performed, maintained, and
managed for e-business?
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User Training process - How are users trained to use e-business
sytems, and what tools and technologies are available to them for
this process?
Service level process - How and what service levels are
established, monitored, and reported?
Capacity Planning process - How are e-business systems planned
from a capacity and growth perspective?
Performance Management process - How is performance
monitored, and what is done when there are performance
problems?
Event Monitoring and Correlation process - What is the process to
manage console events and how are they correlated downstream
to network, client, server, and e-business systems?
page 19
How are the following Processes are performed, maintained, and
managed for e-business?
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IT Asset management process - How are e-business assets
managed and what is the process for keeping them current and
licensed?
Security management process - What is the process for applying
and managing e-business security, and how would respond to an
e-business security threat?
Financial/Budgetary process and cost of ownership - What is the
process for budgeting e-business expenditures, tracking them,
and determining that they are producing relating to their budgeted
expenditures?
page 20
Building Successful e-business Applications
DB2,
Oracle
Baan on
HP/UX
SAP on AIX
Netscape
IE
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WebSphere
Commerce
Netscape
Sun Solaris
CICS/390
Server-centric
Standards-based
Quick to deploy, easy to use
Leverage core systems
Scalable
Manageable & Secure
DB2 on
S/390
Windows95
The Application
Model You Choose
Matters
page 21
Leverage Existing Assets
Existing Clients
Customer
Information
The Fast Path to e-business
Billing
Inventory
Browsers
Notes
Clients
Web
Application
Server
Logistics
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Add new browser interface to existing systems
little or no change required to existing applications
Enables support for new classes of users
page 22
Human
Resources
Web Application Topology
Directory &
Security
Services
Application
Server
---Business
Logic
Connectors
Web
Server
---UI Logic
Domain Firewall
Internet Dispatcher
App
Client
Protocol Firewall
HTML
Client
Critical & Noncritical
Data
Non-critical
Data
App
Client
page 23
Existing
Apps
and
Data
Network Services
Network Directory Server
LDAP support
Integrated in OS and solutions
Exploitation by applications and middleware
Robust directory management & admin
Industry standard schema/data models
Scalable/High Performance
Network Security Services
Toolkits -- SSL, KeyWorks
Global Sign On
Certificate Authority
Security Services
Directory Server
Corporate IP Network
(Intranet)
Extranet
Remote Workers,
Suppliers, Business
Partners
Customers
Internet
Network Border Services
Traffic dispatcher
Load Balancing
Scalable servers
High Availability Options
Proxy Servers (HTTP, FTP, Socks, mail etc.)
Content filtering
Authentication and access control
Caching
Firewalls - Packet filtering
Unknown address rejection
Address "hiding" -- NAT
VPN - Encryption over public network
page 24
Scaling - Load Balancing
Shared Resources
A
Session state
Replicated Files
(AFS/DFS)
Databases
A workload
Network
Dispatcher
B workload
B
to server b
Directory
C workload
External
services
C
Firewall
page 25
Tools - Application Development, Monitoring, and Management

Describe and review the application monitoring and management
requirements today, the tools that are in place, and what is
required in the future.
Review the application development approach & toolset.
Discuss programming tools.
How is code designed and reused and are their tools to assist?
What database build and design tools are in place?
What database management, monitoring, and recovery tools are in place?
Describe disk space management tools.
What application capacity management?
What application performance management tools are in place?
What application security tools are in place?
What load balancing tools are in place or being considered?
page 26
Tools - Server and Client software and tool sets
for Management and Monitoring
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Review the tool sets used to support the server and client
environment
Server software and tools sets
– Server software release level tracking
– Software/Hardware Performance Monitoring
– Software/Hardware Capacity planning
– Software/Hardware Testing
– Server/Client software distribution
– Server Management and Systems Management
– Help Desk/Problem Tracking
Client software tools
– Software Distribution
– Security
– Remote Control
– Hardware/Software monitoring
– Asset Management
– Scripting
– Single Signon
page 27
Tools - Network Management and Monitoring
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Describe Network Software and management of the Network.
Review present and future design issues focusing on
management, recovery, operational monitoring.
Network management
Event management tools, correlation, and thresholds
Use of SMNP and MIB's on e-business devices - how are they set up and
deployed
Sniffer and troubleshooting
IP address management
DNS/DHCP Management
Network performance and capacity tools
Network testing and load testing
page 28
Organizational Change Management is key for significant IT
'change' - an executable plan is needed that helps contain risk
and organizational anxiety.
Change Stimulates Anxiety
A key notion in change management is the 'container',
that is, social and organizational arrangements that help
people limit their sense of risk - so that the work they
must accomplish is manageable.
In the absence of good containers people will feel too
anxious to work effectively.
page 29
Center for Applied Research
Organizational Change Management can require significant time and
will require ongoing executive commitment.
Why is Change Management Important?
Change Takes Time?
Employees Will Change?
High
“Uniformed Optimism”
“ Realization of Effort and
Complexity”
Future
State
Current
State
“Informed Pessimism”
Light at the end
of the tunnel?
Low
Time
Key Influences
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Leadership
Two-way communication
Small success stories
Progress reports
Involvement
Understanding of “WIIFM”
(“What’s -in-it-for-me”)
3-5 Years
How:
· Leadership
· Experience
· Trust
· Significant
Change
· Succesful
Communications
· Change
Management
Many Years
Culture
Behavior
5-6 Months
How:
Skills development
· Work tools
· Recognition and Rewards
· Coaching/mentoring
· Compensation
· Measurements
· Procedures
· Cross-functional Teams
· Performance Plans
· Etc.
page 30
An effective change management action plan addresses
the dramatic drop in productivity generally associated
with transformation
42% Lost
Productivity
21% / 1.7 hrs
Work and
Productivity
Impact During
Significant
Change
21% / 1.7 hrs
Personal
19% / 1.5 hrs
40% / 3.2 hrs
Social and Gossip
(loss of 1.7 hours)
60% / 4.8 hrs
23% / 1.9 hrs
Retraining
15% / 1.2 hrs
Productive Work
(loss of 1.7 hours)
Changing highly interdependent settings is extremely difficult because, ultimately you have to
“
change nearly everything. Because of all the interconnections, you can rarely move just one
element by itself. You have to move dozens or hundreds or thousands of elements, which is
difficult and time consuming and can rarely - if ever be accomplished by just a few people”
John P. Kotter, Harvard "Organization"
page 31
Organizational - Goals and Level of Sophistication
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What level of e-business sophistication does the organization
have today?
What level of e-businss sophistication does the organization want
for the future?
What level of financial support is there to support this level?
What level of Executive support is there to support this level?
What level of IT management support
What level and quantity of staff is there to support this level?
How hard is it to get and retain IT staff to support the
infrastructure and technology environment?
How much infrastructure and technology needs to be built
internally or can be provided by an external service provider?
How much does currently source and perform internally, and what
are the feelings about outsourcing or out-tasking?
page 32
Organizational - Budgetary and Financial
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What is the current budget to support Web initiatives?
Capital Budget for this year and next three years?
Operating Budget for this year and next three years?
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What should be the budget to support desired initiatives?
Capital
Operating
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Can some of the development be financed or amortized over the
life of the project?
How is cost of investment measured?
How does the "Organization" know it is optimizing expenditures?
How is cost of ownership measured?
How do individual departments help budget and fund e-business
initatives?
page 33
People - Skills, Availability, and Focus

What resources are available to perform the following functions and
e-business setup?
Hardware installation
Server Installation - Content, Web, Commerce, Database Servers
Firewall & Security
Network and Network Hardware
Client software design and implementation
Software installation and customization
Operating systems
Control programs, Communications subsystems & Middleware
Testing and Quality Assurance
Data Migration Plan and data conversion
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Identify all the resources required for on-going support & what the
requirements will be for e-business?
Helpdesk,Level 2/3 technical support
Hardware maintenance
Operations
Servers & Systems Management
Database administration & Security
Processes Management
page 34