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Chapter 3 Software Solutions for Personal and Professional gain Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer Succeeding with Technology An Overview Programming Languages System Software Application Software Software Issues and Trends Trends There is a shift from a hardware view of computing to software & services "Ten years out, in terms of actual hardware costs you can almost think of hardware as being free -- I'm not saying it will be absolutely free -- but in terms of the power of the servers, the power of the network will not be a limiting factor," Gates said, referring to networked computers and advances in the speed of the Internet. Succeeding with Technology 3.1 An Overview of Software Succeeding with Technology Recall…2 Types of Software System Software controls the hardware and runs the computer system. Succeeding with Technology Application Software provides services for people. How Software Works Software consists of a number of files at least one of which is “executable”. Executable File: stores computer instructions in binary machine language. http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/ Succeeding with Technology 3.2 Programming Languages How software is created Succeeding with Technology Programming Languages A programming language is the primary tool of computer programmers, providing English-like commands for writing software that is translated into the detailed step-by-step instructions executed by the processor. A Programming Statement in C++ cout << "\nPlease Enter The Password:"; Syntax: a set of rules that describe how programming statements and commands should be written. Succeeding with Technology Programming Process Source Code void main() { Password.cpp char password[200] = "opensaysme"; char input[200]; while(strcmp(password, input)) { clrscr(); cout << "\nPlease Enter The Password:"; cin >> input; Compiler } } cout << "\nWelcome, Oh Great One!\n"; exit(1); Object (Executable) Code 10011011000111010110111 Succeeding with Technology Password.exe The Program Commercial program You only get the "Executable Code". It impossible to translate executable code back to the original "Source Code". EXECUTABLE FILE VIEWED WITH MICROSOFT WORD Æ ‹ÇL éŽ èJi j é €=W½L t"è5i j Sÿ ìÄJ j jmh ÿ5ؾL éQ jRj èº YYéG -Z „Ä ƒè t HH …/ è é% j j h/ é SèÔ Yè&m „Àj t~‹5ÅJ h[ SÿÖ‹=dÅJ Pÿ×j h\ SÿÖPÿ×j h_ SÿÖPÿ×j hY SÿÖPÿ×h+ SÿÖ‹ðh @ jüV‰ ŽL ÿ tÅJ hÕ hÔ Vj £ ŽL èÒf Sèùc ƒÄ ë h+ Sÿ ÅJ Pÿ dÅJ Sè » Yj Xég ÿu è Y ¶ÀéV fƒÿ tfƒÿ …D h + Sÿ ÅJ é €= ŽL tj{Sÿ ¼ÄJ ¡0ŽL …À „ Pÿ €ÀJ é ƒÿ{ …ÿ Sè Yéõ î „¼ ƒî „ƒ î tpNNtZNNt$îš … j j h+ Sÿ ÅJ Pèh ë?j j Sèz– ƒÄ …À „• €=ÇL „ˆ èDg j Sÿ ìÄJ ëxhtÞK SjèrŸ ƒÄ ëfWèT é þÿÿh+ Sÿ ÅJ ‹ðVÿ xÅJ …ÀtBhÕ hÔ Vj èpe ƒÄ ë h+ Sÿ ÅJ ;øt Pÿ xÅJ …Àt j j hÉ Sÿ ðÄJ 3À_^[] U‹ìQ¡ ŽL ‹ ŽL SVW3ÿ!}ü;Á‹Øw ‹Ùÿ ðÁJ + ŽL ‹,ŽL …Ûw …Év,jd3Ò^÷ö‹ø…ÿu G‹Ã3ÒkÀd÷÷‹ð…öuj ^‹Á3ÒkÀd÷ö‰Eü;ûrM9Mür €% ŽL j{ÿu ÿ ¼ÄJ ‹Ã‹5¸ÄJ j Succeeding with Technology Review 1.When a programmer types the commands to create a program, what type of code is created? 2.When a programmer’s code is compiled, what kind of code is generated? Succeeding with Technology 3.3 System Software Helping the machine operate effectively and efficiently Key Terms • Operating system • Command-based user interface • Graphical User Interface Succeeding with Technology • • • • Booting Multitasking Open-source software Utility programs The Operating System The software that controls the computer’s use of its hardware. Acts as an interface between application software and hardware. Applications Operating System 12 Succeeding with Technology Operating System Functions • Manages Processor Resources • Manages Memory (RAM) • Manages Storage and I/O • Manages Peripheral Devices •Uses device drivers • Provides a Common User Interface Multitasking is the processors ability to run more than one program at once. •Graphical User Interface • Provides Applications with Hardware Independance How is this related to Microsoft’s monopoly and many, many lawsuits? 13 Succeeding with Technology Operating System Types • Desktop & Notebook Operating Systems • Windows XP, AppleOS X, Linux • Mobile Operating Systems • Palm OS, Windows Tablet PC, PocketPC, Smartphone, Portable Media Center, Proprietary • Industrial Strength Operating Systems • UNIX, Windows 2000, Proprietary • Embedded Operating Systems www.microsoft.com/windows - check embedded 14 Succeeding with Technology User Interfaces Command-based Interface Ssh demo? Succeeding with Technology Graphical User Interface (GUI) Windows XP Succeeding with Technology Apple OS X Apple OS X Tiger http://www.apple.com/macosx/ Succeeding with Technology Linux Succeeding with Technology Linux Succeeding with Technology Palm OS Succeeding with Technology Embedded Operating Systems http://www.windriver.com/ 21 Succeeding with Technology Utility Programs (the other system software) Programs designed to assist the machine in running smoothly, securely, and efficiently. Virus Detection Spam and Pop-up blockers Adware & Spyware protection Defragmentation Windows Cleaners Programs that assist us in maintaining and manipulating system resources. File Compression (WinZip) File and Disk Management & Backup CD/DVD Burners 22 Succeeding with Technology Review 3. The software that controls a computer’s hardware is called the ___________________. Succeeding with Technology 3.4 Application Software Helping people operate effectively and efficiently Key Terms • • • • Word Processing Spreadsheet Applications Presentation Graphics Database management Succeeding with Technology • Personal Information management • Software Suites Traditional Productivity Software Word Processing: Document production Spreadsheet: Numeric analysis software often used for carrying out “what if” scenarios. Database: For managing and querying data records Presentation: For developing supportive visual aides to accompany a presentation. 25 Succeeding with Technology 35 Software Suite A software suite is a collection of application software packages sold together. Succeeding with Technology Additional Application Software for Individuals Audio/Video Graphics/Image Processing PIM, Project Management, Inventory Systems, Voice Recognition Home Action, Arcade, Casino, Strategy, Simulation, Sports, Board, Multiplayer Business Browsers, Email, Chat, Web Phones, WebCam, Utilities, NetMeeting Games Image Editing, Flash Animation, 3d m Internet/Communication Media Players, Rippers, Encoders, Music and Video Recorders/Editors PIM (Outlook), Food.Bev, Geneology, Hobbies, Health/Nutrition, Home Inventory Education …and many others listed at www.download.com Succeeding with Technology 3.5 Software Issues and Trends Key Terms • Custom Designed Software • Off-the-Shelf Software Succeeding with Technology • Shareware • Copyright Custom-designed software Custom Designed software, either in-house developed, or contracted, is software designed to solve a unique and specific problem. Companies will sometimes market their custom software to others in the industry https://renderman.pixar.com/ 29 Succeeding with Technology Off-the-shelf Software Off-the-shelf software is mass-produced software designed for use by the general public. 30 Succeeding with Technology Software Licensing Shrink-wrap License A "take it or leave it" approach to licensing. You open it, you own it. Electronic Shrinkwrap License Click Accept or Don’t Accept Succeeding with Technology Software Licensing Licensed Single User/Multi-user Public Domain Shareware Marketed under a "try before you buy" philosophy Open Source Uncompiled code available for programmers to modify at will (Linux) Succeeding with Technology Chapter 3 Questions? Don’t forget to turn your phone on!! Succeeding with Technology The Internet and Web Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer Succeeding with Technology Internet Technology Internet Communications Web technology Web Applications 4.1 Internet Technology What is the Internet? Key Terms • Computer Network • Internet Backbone • Internet Service Provider (ISP) • Routers • Dial-up Connection Succeeding with Technology • Cable modem connection • DSL connection • DSS connection • Protocols • TCP/IP • • • • IP Address Client/server Port Peer-to-peer (P2P) What is the Internet? Visualization of the Internet’s topology from http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/topology.html Succeeding with Technology A Brief History of the Internet http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/ Succeeding with Technology Internet Growth www.internetworldstats.com Succeeding with Technology Internet Hardware The Internet backbone consists of the main pathways and connections of the Internet owned primarily by telecom companies. Verizon’s/MCI’s UUNet carries 28% of Internet traffic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_backbone Succeeding with Technology Internet Hardware Network Service Providers Major telecom companies that provide the Internet backbone. Network Service Providers 27.9% Verizon/MCI/UUNET 10.0% AT&T 6.5% Sprint 6.3% Genuity (level 3) 4.1% PSINet 3.5% Cable & Wireless 2.8% XO Communications 2.6% Verio 1.5% Qwest http://navigators.com/isp.html Succeeding with Technology Internet Hardware Points of Presence (POPs) Facilities provided by Network Service Providers that allow users to connect to the Internet backbone. Internet Service Providers Companies that provide users with access to the Internet. Dial-up vs. DSS vs. Cell vs. DSL vs. Cable Top 22 ISP’s: http://www.isp-planet.com/research/rankings/usa.html Succeeding with Technology Internet Hardware Routers: computing devices that manage network traffic by evaluating data packets and routing them to their destination. http://computer.howstuffworks.com/router1.htm Succeeding with Technology 7’ The Cisco CRS-1 router is controlled by a unique selfhealing and self-defending operating system designed for always-on operation while scaling system capacity up to 92 Tbps. Routers such as this one manage traffic on the Internet Backbone. Packet Switching A packet switching network divides all network data into small packets for faster, more efficient delivery. An email message Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about…. Succeeding with Technology Packet Switching Divided into packets Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about…. Succeeding with Technology Packet Switching Packet headers added Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 1 of 3 From [email protected] To [email protected] looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 2 of 3 From [email protected] To [email protected] learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about…. Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 3 of 3 From [email protected] To [email protected] Succeeding with Technology Packet Switching Each packet sent individually over the network Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about…. looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I Demo at http://acns.fsu.edu/~zeisler/usedu.html Succeeding with Technology Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 1 of 3 From [email protected] To [email protected] Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 3 of 3 From [email protected] To [email protected] Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 2 of 3 From [email protected] To [email protected] Packet Switched Network Router Router Router Router Router Router Router Router Router email Router Router Router Router email Succeeding with Technology Router Router Circuit Switched Network Succeeding with Technology Packet Switching Packet switching is much more efficient than circuit switching. Technology: Networking/Telecoms Wednesday 28 May 2003 Sprint moves to packet-switch network Sprint is to change its entire circuit-switched telephone network to packet technology in an attempt to keep up with customer demand for capacity. Sprint's eight million lines will be moved over to the packet-based asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) system, allowing voice, video and data to be broken down into small digital blocks and sent, in effect, simultaneously.This allows the network to be used more efficiently, and will also allow new multimedia services, Sprint said. Sprint is the first major telecoms company to move all of its local, tandem and longdistance networks over to packet technology, according to Nortel Networks spokeswoman Ann Fuller. Succeeding with Technology Internet Protocols Protocols are rules that govern how data is transmitted and received. They govern all Network and Internet communications: The Internet The Web Email Instant Messaging Etc. Succeeding with Technology Ports are numeric addresses assigned to specific network services, and used in packet headers to direct data packets to the appropriate service. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers Internet Protocols TCP/IP Transaction Control Protocol (TCP): Divides data into packets for transmission, and reassembles data from packets upon delivery. Internet Protocol (IP): Controls the delivery of packets between IP addresses. IP Address a 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent in packets across the Internet. 10000000.11111111.10110101.00010111 128.255.181.29 www.fsu.edu Succeeding with Technology Network Architectures Client/Server Peer-to-Peer Original Napster vs. Kazaa Succeeding with Technology 4.2 Web Technology What is the Web? Key Terms • • • • • Hyperlink HTTP Web browser Web server URL Succeeding with Technology • HTML • XML • Web authoring software • Cookies • Plug-in • Content Streaming The Web The World Wide Web is an Internetbased service that provides convenient access to information through hyperlinks. Succeeding with Technology Web Protocols & Standards HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol defines and controls communication between Web server and client (Web browser). URL: Uniform Resource Locator is the fancy name for a Web address. http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~baldauf/presentations/swt/2/index.html Domain name http://www.icann.org/ Succeeding with Technology Web Protocols & Standards HTML: Hypertext Markup Language is the formatting language used to define the appearance of Web pages. Try View Source in IE XML: New and popular standard for describing and classifying data in Web pages and other Web services. Succeeding with Technology Web Protocols & Standards Many of today’s popular applications store files in XML format for easy data sharing. Succeeding with Technology Web-Authoring Software Web Authoring Software allows you to create HTML documents using wordprocessor-like software Macromedia’s Dreamweaver software allows you to design Webpages and Websites using a WYSIWYG interface. Succeeding with Technology Programming the Web Cookies are data generated by a Web server, and stored on your computer. Used to target marketing or customize a webpage when you next visit the server. Demo www.amazon.com IE/Tools/Options/Settings/ Succeeding with Technology Web Browser Plug-Ins A plug-in is a program that works with the browser to offer extended services –typically the ability to view animations or video, listen to music, or interact with the Webpage. Popular plug-ins include Flash and Quicktime. Demos: http://harrypotter.warnerbros.com http://getitnow.vzwshop.com/vcast.home.do http://www.toyota.com/vehicles/2005/prius/int360.html Succeeding with Technology Web Browser Plug-Ins Content streaming allows media files to play while they are being delivered by the Web server. www.movies.com Succeeding with Technology 4.3 Internet and Web Applications How are they used? Key Terms • Search engine • Web Portal • Synchronous communication • Asynchronous communication Succeeding with Technology • • • • • • E-mail • Video Conferencing E-mail attachment • Telecommuting Instant messaging (IM) Chat SMS Text messaging Blogs The Internet & Web Communications The Web E-commerce Information Distribution The Internet Succeeding with Technology Web Tools Search Engines: Helps us find information on the Web through keyword searches of databases built by spiders or crawlers (http://a9.com/). Subject Directories: A catalog of sites collected and organized by people. Portals: Web pages that serve as entry points to the Web. Succeeding with Technology Communication and Collaboration Effectiveness Face to Face Video + Voice Voice Only Text Only Succeeding with Technology Communication and Collaboration Synchronous Communication takes place in real time. Phone conversation Instant Messaging Asynchronous Communication allows participants to leave messages to be accessed whenever. Voice mail Email SMS Texting Succeeding with Technology 3. Phone (voice) 4. Instant messaging/Chat 5. Voice mail 6. Email 7. SMS Texting Succeeding with Technology Convenience Asynchronous 1. Face-to-face 2. Video conferencing Effectiveness Synchronous Communication and Collaboration Researchers at Caltech’s VRVS lab are able to video Conference from 36,000 feet above the Pacific Ocean. Succeeding with Technology Communication and Collaboration Text based Communication Email Attachments Instant messaging (IM) Chat Succeeding with Technology Worlds Chat with avatars in a 3D virtual environmnt Succeeding with Technology Communication and Collaboration RSS (Really Simple Syndication) A webcontent distribution technology Blogs (Web logs) are websites created to express one or more individual’s views on a given topic (ie. http://www.bloglines.com/topblogs) A blog aggregator is software that allows you to subscribe to numerous blogs (ie. http://www.bradsoft.com/feeddemon/) A Podcast is an audio file that contains a recorded broadcast distributed over the Internet for use on PC or Mobile media device. Podcast Aggregator: provides access to podcasts that may be set to automatically download to your PC (iTunes). Succeeding with Technology Communication and Collaboration Vlog (Vodcast) Video-based blogs (www.vlogdir.com/) Consumer Generated Media is the recent trend of the general public capturing and reporting the news. www.current.tv How does consumer genereated media compare to main stream media? Succeeding with Technology Voice over IP (VoIP) Technology that enables network managers to route phone calls over the same network they use for data. Future of Phones: http://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/video_audio_archive/?all Also see Video Telephony Succeeding with Technology Residential VoIP • Residential VoIP, Broadband Phone • Phone service over a broadband Internet connection. http://www.voipchoices.com/vonage.html Succeeding with Technology Video Conferencing Video conferencing is a technology that combines video and voice communications along with document sharing. Telecommunications is the process of working from locations away from the office by using telecommunications technologies. Succeeding with Technology News and Information On-line news services allow you to drilldown into the story to get background information and details. Webcasting uses the Web to deliver news video footage. Succeeding with Technology Education and Training Life-long learning is your future… NETg Offers… • 1,850 IT and desktop e-Learning courses • 1,300 business and professional development eLearning courses • 2,000 up to date, searchable, IT, Desktop and Business Books from Safari • 250 instructor and student manuals for ILT training Succeeding with Technology E-commerce E-commerce has opened up new opportunities in buying and selling. Succeeding with Technology Travel The Web has transformed the travel industry. Succeeding with Technology Employment and Careers The Web assists us in researching career possibilities: Selecting a career Researching companies Networking with colleagues Searching want ads Creating Resumes & Professional Websites Succeeding with Technology Information Consumers are increasingly reliant upon online resources to ease and inform major life events. Research on the Web Subject Directories, and Search Engines Issues of reliability Library Web sites Research Databases Succeeding with Technology The Future Internet Internet2 is a research and development consortium led by over 200 U.S. universities and supported by partnerships with industry and government to develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies for tomorrow’s Internet. The National LambdaRail (NLR), or Internet3 is a cross country, high-speed fiber-optic network dedicated to researching high-speed networking applications. Succeeding with Technology High-Speed Internet Applications Interactive Collaboration Long distance collaboration and education. www.accessgrid.com/ Succeeding with Technology Two dancers in different locations dance together. High-Speed Internet Applications Real-time access to remote Resources Scientists can control the astronomical telescopes at Gemini observatories in Hawaii and Chile from any location on Internet2. Succeeding with Technology High-Speed Internet Applications Large-scale Multisite Computation and Data Mining Shared Virtual Reality Consider the future of www.secondlife.com Succeeding with Technology Chapter 4 Questions? 4. T or F A Podcast is an audio file that contains a recorded broadcast distributed over the Internet for use on PC or Mobile media device. 5. T or F TCP/IP is web protocol. Don’t forget to turn your phone on!! Succeeding with Technology