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Introducing the
World Wide Web
History and Structure
Competencies Covered

Standard 1.0 Demonstrate knowledge of the Internet and various terms,
tools, and utilities associated with the World Wide Web.
 1.1 Illustrate the relationship of Web related terms to Web design and
software applications.

Standard 8.0 Examine characteristics, components, and functions of basic
network designs.
 8.1 Illustrate how computers are connected (both wireless and physical) to
form a local area network (LAN).
 8.2 Differentiate between peer-to-peer and server-based networks.
 8.3 Examine considerations involved in implementing servers in peer-to-peer
and server-based networks.
I CAN . . .
Define Web design terms
 Draw an example of a LAN
 Draw an example of a WAN
 List advantages of Peer-to-peer networks
 List disadvantages of Peer-to-peer
networks
 List advantages of server based networks
 List disadvantages of server based
networks

Definition of World Wide Web

AKA
 The
“Web”
 “Web”

Define the World Wide Web in your own
terms…
Definition of World Wide Web

Combination of:

Software
 Services
 Protocols
 Documents
Book Definitions
Software that sends information that is
stored in files along the Internet’s
hardware;
 A service that uses the Internet to transmit
hyperlinked documents;
 Documents or Web Pages stored on the
Internet connected by HTTP

Definition of World Wide Web

The complete set of electronic documents
stored on computers that are connected
over the Internet and are made available
by the protocol known as HTTP
dictionary.com
Definition of Internet

AKA “Net”

Define “Internet” in your own terms…

http://www.learnthenet.com/learn-thebasics/ - Videos
Book Definitions
Hardware, such as computers, cables, and
telephone wires, that are connected to
create a massive worldwide network
 The global network of computers used for
communications (components include
email, FTP, and the Web)
 A collection of networks where users gain
access to services such as email, FTP, etc

Definition of Internet

A vast computer network of smaller
networks connected to create a large
network that uses network protocols to
facilitate data exchange
Differences

World Wide Web and Internet are NOT the
same
Wide Web – documents and software
(web pages, email software, etc)
 World
– interconnected hardware
(computers, cables & wires, etc.)
 Internet
Internet: Collection of Networks

Computers that are linked
together via a medium
 Phone
 Cable
 Fiber
 Satellites,
etc.
Internet: Collection of Networks
 Purposes
Share
resources
 Printers
 Files
Internet: Collection of Networks
 Access
networks via
Host or a
 Node

Intranet

A local or restricted communications
network
A
private network created using WWW
software
 Used in small or large businesses, college
campuses, etc.
 May be composed of multiple LANs
Extranet

In contrast with intranet
 May
also be accessed by customers,
suppliers, or other approved parties
 Extends a private network (intranet)
 Provides outsiders authentication or
authorization to access a private network
 Allows collaboration, project management &
builds customer relations
Networks

Server

High speed computers
 Store information and resources to be
shared

Clients

Individual computers in a network
Networks

LAN
 Local
Area Network
 A network that links computers
that are close together or in a
single location such as



Department
Floor
Building
Networks

WAN
 Wide
Area Network
 Network that connects
computers across a wide
geographical area such as



Buildings across town
Cities or even Regions
Internet is the largest
WAN in existence
Peer to Peer Networking
• aka P2P Network
• Both suppliers and
consumers of resources
• Made popular by file sharing
systems like Napster
• Users decide who gets
access
• Designed for a small number
of computers (10-15)
Networks

Client-Server network
 Servers
and clients
connected together
 Servers answer requests
from clients
 Server is optimized to answer
requests quickly
 Files are centrally located
 Better levels of security
 Internet system is based on
this type of network
ACTIVITY
Find your partner
 On a clean sheet of paper draw an
example of how you think the Internet
looks.
 Remember – the Internet is the largest
WAN – made up of smaller LANS

 Multiple
LANS
Server(s)
 Client(s)
 Printer(s)
 Medium(s)

History of the Internet

Forerunner of today’s Internet
 ARPAnet
- Advanced Research Projects
Agency Network
Established in 60’s for military and
scientific use
 Two network nodes between UCLA and
Stanford University

 Connected
by a phone line
ARPANET

Main purpose – to maintain
communications in case of a nuclear war
or natural disaster
 This
was tested during the Gulf War when the
Iraqis were able to maintain communications

Not the Internet we know today
to navigate – not “user friendly”
 Knowledgeable in terms and commands
 Complicated interface
 Difficult
Development of the Internet

Concept attributed to J.C.R.
Licklider
 Professor
at MIT
 1962 described a future “Galactic
Network” of linked computers that
would enable everyone access to
computer resources
 Many industry experts considered
it a waste of time and did not
support his idea
 Licklider went to work for ARPA
Creation of WWW
Attributed to Tim Berners-Lee 89-91
 Frustrated/Difficult retrieving phone
numbers and documents
 Developed new protocol called Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

 Enable
server
communication between a client and
Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Protocol (set of rules)
used by the Web to
transport Web files from
a Web Server to a Web
browser
Hyperlinks (Links)

Parts of hypertext that allow you to
jump from one document/topic to
another
 Another
spot in the same document
 A completely different document
 Your computer
 Another computer anywhere
in the world
Web Pages & Sites

Hypertext documents make up
Pages – individual text
documents/files created with HTML
tags to display properly in a Web
browser
 Web

Web Pages make up
Sites – Collection of Web pages
with a common theme or purpose
 Web
Web Pages & Sites
Evolved from simple pages
of text only
 To complex sites with
graphics and multimedia to
make purchases, download
music, get current stock
quotes

Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML)

Code Used to create Web pages
Web Browsers

To see web pages –
must use
 Web
Browser
Software
used to
retrieve, interpret,
and display Web
content on a
user’s PC
WEB BROWSERS
 Text
based browsers
First
browsers
 Text
only
 No pictures or graphics
Second
generation of browsers
 Graphical
based
 Support text, pictures, graphics, and
sound
MOSAIC
Mosaic - world’s first well-known browser
 Responsible for making the World Wide
Web popular
 Without it – the average person may never
have heard of the web
 Major achievement - Put a graphical user
interface (GUI) on the web
 Linked sites using hypertext

GUI – Graphical User Interface
Pronounces “Gooey”
 Allows users to communicate by clicking
on pictures – aka icons
 Both Windows and Macintosh systems
use a GUI interface

Browsers Today

Two dominate Web browsers
Originally
 Netscape
Navigator/Communicator
 Microsoft’s Internet Explorer

Other browsers have caught up
 Firefox

Browsers are similar on all types of
computer systems – Unix, Windows,
Macintosh