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Web Server Administration Chapter 1 The Basics of Server and Web Server Administration 1 Introduction Server Administrator focus Web Server Administrator focus Web Server Administrator Responsibilities 2 Overview Review the Internet and the World Wide Web Learn about server administration Learn about Web server administration Explore the common tasks and services performed by administrators Examine networking building blocks Compare Web server platforms 3 Review the Internet and the World Wide Web Protocols – rules governing communication TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (language of the internet) IP Address – Internet Protocol Address IPv4 (IP Version 4) IPv6 (IP Version 6) 4 Application Protocols HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol HTTPS –HTTP Secure FTP – File Transfer Protocol SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 5 How it works… Open the browser and type a URL (web address) Translate the URL address into the IP address Send the packet using IP address Receive the webpage 6 http://gargasz.info/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/what-is-dns-diagram1.jpg Review the Internet and the World Wide Web The Internet WWW - Where the Internet uses the HTTP worldwide network of networks Shared WAN used by the international telecommunications network Uses TCP/IP Web servers use HTTP to communicate The Internet is not centrally controlled 8 Review the Internet and the World Wide Web 1960 – origin of the Internet 1995 – high-speed backbone created 4 network access points (NAPs) More NAP added Backbone controlled by industry – Verizon, Sprint… Internet traffic handled by NAP Peering agreements via ISP 9 Break Complete EX1-1 10 Ex 1-1 Define the Internet. Define the Web. Is e-mail part of the Web or Internet? When did the Internet begin? What is a backbone? What does TCP/IP stand for? 11 Ex 1-1 (continued) What does HTTP stand for? What is HTTPS, why is it used, and how is it different from S-HTTP? NAP, what does it stand for and what is its purpose? How many NAPs exist today? Explain peering agreements. 12 Understanding Server Administration Server administrators Focus on the LAN Provide access to software and services Reliable and consistent environment Minimize harm that users can do to network 13 Working with Users A LAN could have 100’s-1000’s of users Users need to be productive Users like consistency Roaming profiles 14 Establishing Access Control Users – give just enough access Users organized into groups Access defined by the group Files/services indicate permissions A document can be read by everyone but modified by only specific people 15 Understanding the Server Environment Usually more than one server Must manage routers, switches, hubs Must manage connections/cables 16 Break Complete EX1-2 17 Ex1-2 What does the server administrator focus on? How is access control implemented? In Windows, servers and users are organized into what? In Windows Server 2003, domains can be grouped into what? 18 Ex1-2 (continued) What is the current version of Windows Server? In the newest version of Windows Server, how are users organized? In Linux, how are users organized? 19 Understanding Web server Administration Web server administrators focus on the Internet Need to work with ISPs and Web page developers Web servers provide information to anyone who requests it over the Internet Web servers can contain other applications such as FTP and e-mail 20 Skills Manage email server Manage web development environment Manage FTP access Work with or manage DNS Configure and understand firewall and proxy server Work with others… 21 Understanding Web server Administration Depending on the size of the organization, some tasks may be delegated Web page development Database design Programming E-mail administration Security 22 Selecting Programs and Databases Web server administrators need to install programming languages Web developers use a variety of languages Active Server Pages (ASP) ASP.Net Original language from Microsoft A newer environment that includes many languages Java Server Pages (JSP) 23 Selecting Programs and Databases Other languages Perl – one of the first and still popular PHP – easy to use Java Server Pages (JSP) Macromedia ColdFusion 24 Selecting Programs and Databases A database management system (DBMS) is used to store data used with Web pages Microsoft Access is appropriate for small sites Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle 9i, and MySQL are sophisticated DBMSs for larger sites Standard Query Language (SQL) is the language used to communicate with the DBMS “SEQUEL” or “EES-QUE-EL” 25 Managing E-mail Servers Open by design Spam can be a problem to manage Specific utilities help to minimize Viruses are commonly sent by e-mail Virus detection software 26 Other Applications Firewall FTP Helps protect your Web server environment from attack A service that allows users to download files from and upload files to a server DNS Translates host names such as www.technowidgets.com to an IP address 27 Administrators' Common Tasks and Services Installing and configuring systems Maintaining security Monitoring the system Maintenance and backup 28 Break Complete Exercise 1-3 29 Ex 1-3 What does the Web server administrator focus on? True/False: A Web server can also be an FTP server and an e-mail server. What are some programming languages available for Web servers? 30 Ex 1-3 (continued) List five things that web server administrators manage. What is DNS and what does it do? What are four tasks that are common to all system administrators? 31 Network Building Blocks OSI Model – 1970/80 Open Source Interconnection Model Theoretical model Divides data communication into 7 layers TCP/IP Model Suite of protocols Real world model Divides data communication into 4 layers 32 Network Building BlocksThe OSI Model (Open Source Interconnection) Layer Name Description 7 Application Responsible for low-level application access to the network. 6 Presentation Can convert data into a format that is understandable to the Application layer. 5 Session Can open, maintain, and shut down communication. 4 Transport Responsible for transporting the data from one computer to another. (TCP and UDP) 3 Network Primarily responsible for addressing between two computers. (IP and ICMP) 2 Data Link Responsible for the interface between the packets coming down through the upper layers and the physical layer. 1 Physical Responsible for transferring the data to the network medium. 33 TCP/IP Model Layer Name Common Components OSI Reference Application HTTP, SMTP, POP3 FTP, DNS Application Presentation Session Transport TCP, UDP Transport Internet IP, ICMP Network Network Interface Ethernet, FDDI Data Link Physical 34 TCP/IP Protocols Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Web servers implement this protocol Used by e-mail servers to send e-mail Retrieving emails Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3) Internet Message Access Protocol(IMAP) 35 TCP/IP Protocols File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Domain Name Service (DNS) Transfers files to and from server Translates host names to IP addresses and IP addresses to host names Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Creates a reliable connection between two computers 36 TCP/IP Protocols User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Internet Protocol (IP) Used to send small simple messages Provides addressing scheme Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Used to send error messages 37 OSI Model 7. Application Layer 6. Presentation Layer 5. Session Layer 4. Transport Layer 3. Network Layer 2. Data Link Layer 1. Physical Layer 38 TCP/IP Model Application Layer Transport Layer Internet Layer Network Access Layer 39 OSI and TCP/IP 40 Network Components Ethernet cable/wireless Switches Routers CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit) T Carrier 41 Connecting Your LAN to the Internet ISP connects to the Internet WAN connection is used between your LAN and the ISP WAN Connection A T-Carrier connection - digital connection for voice and data Other types: ISDN, DSL, cable 42 Common T-Carrier Connections 43 Connecting to the Internet 44 Other ways to Connect to the Internet Integrated services digital network (ISDN) Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Dial-up access (faster than stnd dial-up) Basic Rate Interface (BRI) up to 128 Kbps Primary Rate Interface (PRI) up to 1.544 Mbps Often differing speeds for uploads and downloads Cable Modem Shared access cable provided by cable TV company 45 Web Hosting Solutions Standard hosting Dedicated server Your site resides on the same computer with many other sites Cheapest solution You have a server that only you use Co-location Your own server is physically located at the company that does your Web hosting 46 Break Complete EX 1-4 47 Ex 1-4 What protocol is used to send e-mail? What protocol is used to transfer files? What protocol provides an addressing scheme? Explain the difference between POP3 and IMAP. Define UDP and explain when it is used instead of TCP. Explain what a switch does in a network? Explain what a router does in a network? 48 Ex 1-4 (continued) What does CSU/DSU stand for and what is its purpose in networking? True/False: A T-carrier can be used for both voice and data. What is bandwidth? Create a table to compare the t-carrier, ISDN, DSL, and cable modem speeds 49 Web Server PlatformsMicrosoft Windows NT (IIS 4) Windows 2000 (IIS 5) IIS part of the OS from the beginning .NET Framework add-on allows use of ASP.NET Windows Server 2003 (IIS 6) IIS (Internet Information Server) was added in the mid-1990s, and support for ASP was added later .NET Framework integrated into OS And… more 50 UNIX/Linux UNIX was introduced in 1969 Linux is from the early 1990s Based on MINIX Three basic components Kernel – central portion of OS File system – provides input and output mechanisms Shell – provides user interface 51 Linux Source code is freely available Developers can make changes Available from a number of organizations Red Hat Ubuntu More… 52 Break Complete EX 1-5 53 Ex1-5 List the 5 most recent Microsoft server operating systems List 5 recent Microsoft server software products for servers List the 10 most popular Linux server distributions and provide one notable piece of information about each. 54 Ex 1-5 (continued) What web server platform have you dealt with before? How do you connect to the Internet outside of school and what hardware and software is involved? From what you know so far what provides a better platform for web development, Linux or Windows? What is your reason? 55 Summary Server administration focuses on LANs Web server administration focuses on the Internet Both types of administrators install, configure, and maintain servers Many pieces make up the network There are many Web server platforms from which to choose 56