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Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Network Management Chapter 18 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Objectives • Describe how configuration management documentation enables you to manage and upgrade a network efficiently • Conduct network monitoring to identify performance and connectivity issues • Explain how to optimize network performance © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Overview © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Introduction to network management • Complicated networks are vulnerable • Configuration management is necessary • Configuration management prevents problems when upgrading © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Three parts to Chapter 18 • Network configuration management • Monitoring performance and connectivity • Network performance optimization © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Network configuration management © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Network configuration management – Configuration management documentation – Wiring schematics or diagrams © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Configuration management documentation – Network connectivity – Baselines – Policies, procedures, and configurations – Regulations © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Network connectivity – Documentation describes details about host machines and connections – Falls into three categories: • Wiring schemes • Network diagrams • Network maps © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Wiring schemes – Wiring schemes • Describes cabling and connectors in network • Wiring standards used (CAT5, 568A, fiber, and so on) • Connectors for PCs, switches, and routers © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.1 Wiring scheme detail on the TIA/EIA standard used throughout the network © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Network diagrams – Show network devices and how they connect – Physical runs – Define types of connections – Routers, switches, servers, CSU/DSU, etc. – Created by network administrator • Using standardized network topology icons • Using software utility like MS Visio © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.2 network diagram © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.3 Sample network topology icons © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.4 Visio in action © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Network maps – Go deeper into the individual components of the network – Documents: • IP addresses • Ports • Protocols – Can be created with Nmap or other software © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.5 Network map © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.6 My network in pictures © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.7 Router close up © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Baselines – Benchmark of when everything is working correctly – Commit to creating often and comparing – Log of performance indicators • CPU usage • Network utilization • Other performance measurements • Windows Performance Monitor © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Policies – Acceptable use policy • What people can and cannot do with network hardware and software – User training – Security policy • Level of access for employees • Password complexity and much more © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Procedures – What to do • When upgrading components • When adding new user accounts © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Configurations – How software should be configured – How hardware should be configured – Results of the procedures © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.8 Section of show startup-config © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Regulations – Rules governing behavior in the workplace – How to keep network and people safe and productive – Included in configuration management documentation © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Change management documentation – CompTIA separates detailed overview of network from how to upgrade it – Normally these are combined into the change management documentation – Consult documentation before major changes © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Monitoring performance and connectivity © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Monitoring tasks – Create baselines – Ongoing monitoring – Various logs © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Monitoring tools – Windows Performance Monitor (PerfMon) • Monitors behavior of hardware and software • Monitors locally or remotely © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Configuring Performance Monitor – Objects • System components • CPU, memory, disk drives, etc. – Counters • A measurable feature of an object – Views • A variety of ways of presenting information • Real-time or logged © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Configuring Performance Monitor (cont.) – Add counters and objects – For logging, must add entire object – Monitor local or remote computer – Save log files for a snapshot of a point in time © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.9 The real-time monitoring tool in Performance Monitor in Windows XP © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.10 The real-time monitoring tool in Performance Monitor in Windows 7 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.11 Adding a counter in Windows 7 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.12 Selecting a counter object in the Add Counters dialog box © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.13 Real-time monitoring in Histogram bar view © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.14 Monitoring a remote computer © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.15 Selecting performance objects © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.16 Logging data © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.17 Selecting a log file © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Create multiple baselines – System at rest – System in use • Revisit and monitor changes to baseline • Log over extended periods of time • Allows patterns of peak usage and idle time to be determined • Use patterns to tune hosts © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.18 Starting the wizard to create a new data collector set © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.19 Creating a new Data Collector Set using the wizard © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Third-party network monitoring tools – Often expensive – Generate baselines – Monitor in real time – Alert administrator to problems – Can act as intrusion detection systems (IDS) – Example: IPSentry by RGE, Inc. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.20 IPSentry at work © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Logs and network traffic – Administrators can use various tools on log files to • Analyze network traffic to determine problem areas © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Log viewers – Windows Event Viewer – Linux stores logs in /var/log • Use text editor to view – Mac OSX GUI viewer called Console © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.21 Event Viewer in Windows 7 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Three general types of logs – General logs record updates to applications and generic events – System logs display general system and security events – History logs track the history of how a user or users access network resources, or how network resources are accessed throughout the network © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.22 Traffic analysis in Cacti © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Network performance optimization © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Overview – Network admin keeps network running – Users notice problems quickly – CompTIA Network+ requirements • Caching • Controlling data throughput • Keeping resources available © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Caching – Storing requested data in hopes it will be needed again [in the short term] – Works in many ways on a network – Reduces network workload – Dedicated cache servers available for network – reduce overall network traffic – Use Cache Array Routing Protocol to load balance © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Controlling data throughput – Most networks have limited bandwidth • Growing use • It will eventually get slower • Latency-sensitive applications need consistent bandwidth • Apps like streaming video require high bandwidth © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.23 Pausing a video on YouTube © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.24 Hulu.com (I love this site!) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Methods for controlling data throughput – Throttling bandwidth • Quality of Service (QoS) – Priority to certain ports – Layer 2 of the OSI model • Traffic Shaping (a.k.a. bandwidth shaping) – Priority by TCP/UDP port number – Layers 3 and 7 of the OSI model © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.25 Traffic shaping on a SOHO router © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Keeping resources available – High availability – Fault tolerance – Data backup © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Data backup – Desktop or individual server – Enterprise backup – Backup media • Tape • Local hard drive • Networked storage © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.26 Windows Server Backup (Hmm. . . is “failed” a good thing?) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Archive bit – A.k.a. archive attribute – Key to effective backups – Turned “on” when a file is saved – Some applications turn it on when they open a file © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.27 The archive bit on these files is on. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Backup programs and the archive bit – Depending on backup function selected • Only backs up files with the archive bit on • Backs up selected files, ignoring state of archive • Turns off archive bit for every file backed up – Archive bit off means file was backed up – Archive bit on means file has been changed © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Types of backup – Normal backup – all selected files backed up and archive bit turned off – Copy backup – like normal but without touching the archive bit – Incremental backup – all selected files with archive bit turned on; turns off bit – Differential backup – all selected files with archive bit turned on; leaves bit as is – Daily backup – all files changed; leaves bit off © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.28 Incremental vs. differential © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.29 Restoring from backups © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Backup strategies – Must meet organization’s need – Must be able to easily restore – Have a regimen • What to do with backup media • Rotate media – Grandfather, father, son (GFS) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Other factors in a backup strategy – Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) protects against short-term power outages – Backup generator protects against longterm power outages – RAID and redundant hardware • System automatically uses redundant component after a failure • Works normally and buys time for administrator to replace failed component © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) – RAID 1 • Data mirroring (2 disks) and duplexing (2 controllers) – RAID 5 • Disk striping with distributed parity (3 minimum) – RAID 6 • Adds another parity block, allowing an array of four or more drives, tolerating a loss of two © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Other redundant hardware – Redundant power supplies – Redundant network connections – Cluster servers and load balancing © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) • Cluster servers – Multiple identical servers – If a server goes down, others pick up the load – Need cluster-aware operating system, such as Windows Server for the Enterprise © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005) Figure 18.30 The Internet Movie Database © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.