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Transmitting and Tracking Packets of Data Through The TCP and UDP Network Protocols Todd Deshane Ashwin Venkatraman McNair Program Clarkson University Overview Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Research questions and methodology Data analysis and conclusions Internet Protocols user X English user Y e-mail client SMTP e-mail server TCP/UDP server TCP/UDP TCP/UDP server IP server ethernet driver/card IP IEEE 802.3 standard electric signals IP server ethernet driver/card CS454 (Computer Communication) Clarkson University, Summer 2002 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Handshaking Connection-oriented service! Reliable data transfer Flow Control Congestion Control User Datagram Protocol (UDP) No Handshaking! Connectionlessoriented service! No Reliable data transfer No Flow Control No Congestion Control Research Questions TCP Elegant Protocol Lots of nice features Slower UDP Barebones Protocol Lacks reliability Faster How much do we pay to use TCP? How do we measure performance? What causes the differences in performance? Measuring Network Traffic Basic terminology: Network data represented in packets Packet sizes represented in bytes Things to measure: Elapsed Time Total data sent … Total received Effective Throughput (data received/time) Efficiency (Percent received) Procedure Transmitter (Client) Method Start Server Send data to Receiver Record Statistics Receiver (Server) PCATTCP Software Utility Created by Printing Communications Associates, Inc. (PCAUSA) Windows version of Test TCP (TTCP) Bench-marking tool for TCP and UDP Command-line based Modified to: Automate the testing process Use handshakes between trials Enhance UDP transfers Different PCATTCP Trials Same LAN (inside Clarkson) Same Host (same computer) Same Switch (same lab) LAN to Internet (Clarkson to a Roadrunner service) LAN to LAN (Clarkson to SUNY Potsdam) Note: LAN stands for “Local Area Network” Results LAN to LAN Percent Received vs. Packet Size 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 TCP UDP 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 Percent Received (%) Effective Throughput (Mbit/sec) Effective Throughput vs. Packet Size 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 TCP UDP 0 10000 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Packet Size (bytes) Packet Size (bytes) LAN to Internet Percent Received vs. Packet Size 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 TCP UDP 0 5000 Packet Size (bytes) 10000 Percent Received (%) Effective Throughput (Mbit/sec) Effective Throughput vs. Packet Size 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 TCP UDP 0 2000 4000 6000 Packet Size (bytes) 8000 10000 Results Same Switch Percent Received vs. Packet Size 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 TCP UDP 0 5000 Percent Received (%) Effective Throughput (Mbit/sec) Effective Throughput vs. Packet Size 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10000 TCP UDP 0 2000 Packet Size (bytes) 4000 6000 8000 10000 Packet Size (bytes) Same LAN Percent Received vs. Packet Size 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 TCP UDP 0 5000 Packet Size (bytes) 10000 Percent Received (%) Effective Throughput (Mbit/sec) Effective Throughput vs. Packet Size 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 TCP UDP 0 2000 4000 6000 Packet Size (bytes) 8000 10000 Conclusions Effective Throughput UDP is usually higher 6 times better on same LAN 2 times better LAN to LAN TCP is sometimes better 2 times better on same switch Slightly better from LAN to Road Runner (large packet sizes) Efficiency TCP always has 100% UDP Usually near 100% on same switch and LAN Usually less than 50% from LAN to LAN Usually less than 10% from LAN to Road Runner Discussion Causes of lower throughput with UDP UDP does not retransmit lost packets UDP lacks flow control Minimal on same switch and same LAN Significant from LAN to LAN and LAN to Road Runner Has minimal effect on same LAN and switch Has significant effect from LAN to LAN and LAN to Road Runner UDP has IP fragmentation Has significant effect on same switch Future Plans Use larger data sets (instead of 8 MB, 1 Gig) Use our PCATTCP software on Wireless technology Port our PCATTCP version from Windows to UNIX Test across platforms Acknowledgements Ronald E. McNair Scholars Program Dr. Jeanna Matthews, Clarkson University The Computer and Technology Services at SUNY Potsdam Questions? LAN to Internet Effective Throughput (Mbit/sec) Effective Throughput vs. Packet Size 5 4 3 TCP 2 UDP 1 0 0 5000 Packet Size (bytes) 10000