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programmable networks
Programmable broadband,
Internet and mobile nets
Andrew T. Campbell
Wireless Media Systems
Comet Group
Center for Telecommunications Research
Columbia University
http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/~campbell/
programmable networks
making networks more programmable
QOS
control
management
net state
programmable nets
signaling
distributed systems
technology
broadband
transport
kernel
What is a broadband kernel?
programmable networks
• motivation
– to facilitiate the easy creation and introduction of
new multimedia services with end-to-end QOS
guarantees into broadband networks
• concepts
–
–
–
–
–
–
“open programming networking” environment
what do we by open?
what do we mean by programmable?
QOS explicitly modeled and programmable
broadband kernel service
multimedia services use broadband kernel
new services and applications
service abstractions
middleware layer
programmable networks
programming model
broadband kernel services
servicesbinding
and applications
network
interface base (BIB)
programming model
QOS abstractions
broadband (ATM)
QOS abstractions
NG Internet
mobile networks
Broadband
kernel
Active networks
Conservative
Switchlets-based
mobiware
xbind
-accelerate introduction of new service, protocols, etc.
-signal and data integrated
-inject customized code into nodes
Mobile code-based
-new services with QOS
-signal and data separate
-CORBA-based
Objects-based
programmable networks
simple taxonomy of programmable Nets
moderate
radical
programmable networks
network objects with QOS
ProNet projects at Columbia
programmable networks
• xbind broadband kernel project (Lazar)
– broadband kernel
– focus: ATM networks
• mobiware project (Campbell)
– QOS-aware middleware for mobile multimedia
networking
– focus: QOS in next generation mobile Internet
programmable networks
approach
• CORBA-based signaling
• open and flexible device control
–
–
–
–
programmable ATM switches/routers
mobile capable switches/routers
base stations, and mobile and fixed devices
programmable multimedia devices
• transports
– native ATM transport
– active and adaptive transport
programmable networks
CORBA-based Signaling
programmability
Client
Application
Object
Implementation
BIB
CORBA
IP
Physical
programmable networks
xbind: connection management
Connection
Manager
Source
Router
Topo
logy
File
Destination
programmable connection management
programmable networks
connection manager
Destination
node server
source
Node
Server
Node
Server
programmable networks
programming network nodes
xbind/mobiware
Virtual switch
GSMP
CTR
Fore ASX-100
Virtual switch
qGSMP
IP Switch
NEC Model 5
Virtual switch
qGSMP
CTR
ATML Virata 1
Virtual basestation
qGSMP
Pentium
Base-stations
In port/vpi/vci -> Out port/vpi/vci
vitural switch
Schedulable Region
Estimators
qGSMP
Multiplexer
Multiplexer
Multiplexer
Buffer Manager
programmable networks
programming explicit switch QOS
Scheduler
virtual switch object idl
programmable networks
interface VirtualLink: MediaTransporter{
void setSchedulableRegion(in short dimension, in short nbHyperplanes,
in intArray coefficients)
raises (Reject);
void setSchedulingPolicy(in short nbClasses, in short schedulerType,
in shortArray schedulerParams)
raises (Reject);
void getSchedulingPolicy(out short nbClasses, out short schedulerType,
out shortArray schedulerParams)
raises (Reject);
void setBufMgmtPolicy(in short nbClasses, in short clsToBufMap,
in shortArray bufferMasks, in shortArray thresholds)
raises (Reject);
void getBufMgmtPolicy(out short nbClasses, out short clsToBufMap,
out shortArray bufferMasks, out shortArray thresholds)
raises (Reject);
void setTrafficDescriptors(in short nbClasses, in shortArray classMask,
in shortArray classParameters)
raises (Reject);
void setQOSConstraints(in short nbClasses, in shortArray classMask,
in shortArray classParameters)
void getEstimator(out short updateThreshold, out short type,
out shortArray parameters)
raises (Reject);
};
programmable networks
comet.ctr.columbia.edu/xbind/wwwSR/SRapplet.html
programmable networks
multimedia services creation
• Resource Reservation
• Transport Selection and Binding
• Management Binding
programmable networks
services programming
Transport
Controller
Route
Manager
Camera
Switch
Route
Teleconference
Display
Device
Manager
QOS
Mapper
TP
Connection
Manager
TP
Broadband kernel services
programmable networks
programmable testbed
Computer Center
Fore ASX-200
NYNEX
//
SUN Solaris 2.4
CTR
Fore ASX-100
CTR
NEC Model 5
Sun Solaris 2.3
SUN Solaris 2.5
HP 9000s
SUN Solaris 2.5
HP 9000s
PC
CTR
ATML Virata 1
CTR
Scorpio Stinger 1
HP 9000s
PC
Columbia
Video
Network
programmable networks
xbind Platform
Teleconference Manager
VPN Manager
Transport Controller
QOS Mapper
Router
Device Manager
Camera
Display
Microphone
Speaker
Connection Manager
NodeServer
qStack
kStack
ipStack
NodeServer
Fore API
Fore ASX-100
NodeServer
NEC API
NEC Model 5
NodeServer
GSMP
ATML Virata 1
SunOS/Solaris,
Windows NT/95,
HP-UX
programmable networks
End-to-end QOS Programmability
NodeServer
qGSMP
Virtual
Switch
Virtual Link
switch/router
Workstation/PC
Virtual Link
Virtual
CPU
Virtual
Switch
Virtual Link
programmable networks
http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/wireless
programmable networks
Next generation mobile Internet
End-to-End
QoS
mobiware
End-to-End
QoS
Transport
Transport
Mobility
Mobility
distributed system technology
(Corba, xbind, Java)
programmable networks
Mobiware: programmable mobile network
adaptive multimedia applications with controlled QOS
Adaptive & Active Transport
Active Transport Objects (ATOs)
wireline/wireless packet networks
programmable networks
Mobiware features
• QOS controlled handoff signaling protocol
• programmable transport (a-trane)
– mobile code put where it is needed
– active filters provide media scaling
– adaptive error control (FEC/ARQ hybrid)
• new adaptive service for air-interface
• programmable feature
–
–
–
–
handoff signaling
network service (controlled load, adaptive, ABR)
programmable MAC support
programmable beacon (quality, SNR, QOS)
programmable networks
QOS controlled handoff
•
•
•
•
mobile soft-state
connection groups
per mobile logical anchor points
programmable features
–
–
–
–
–
mobile soft-state (on/off)
mobile/ network initiated
forward/backward
soft/hard
connection groups (on/off)
QRP
RAP
CG
programmable networks
Adaptive network service
• represents flows as multi-layer streams
• base layer hard QOS
• enhancement layer soft QOS
• clients periodic probe for
more resources
QRP
RAP
adpt
resv
programmable networks
Active and adaptive transport
• highly programmable object-based transport
• transport algorithms represented as java classes
• active transport objects (ATOs)
– mobile code
– executes in mobile capable switches, base-station and
devices
programmable networks
Beaconing and handoff
QRP
RAP
Soft-state
timeout
Handoff
set-up
COS
programmable networks
Programmable beaconing
Voice-air
Cymbal-air
BS:
NWID:
Signal Level:
SNR:
QOS
Cymbal-air
02 00
18
10
1000
Voice-air
01 00
25
20
500
BS 1
WaveLAN
Monitor
Signaling
Mobile
BS 2
beacon
beacon
Sign_on_req
Air
Interface
Sign_on_ack
programmable networks
virtual mobile device object idl
// mobile_device.idl
//
interface MobileDevice : NodeServer {
// initiate the location of Core and connManager
void initiate(in string<40> cmName)
raises(Reject);
// register with the current basestation
void mobileRegister(in long cgi, inout EndPoint bs)
raises(Reject);
// conn setup from the current base station to the network, called by mobile
void mobileConnSetup(inout QOSSpecification qosSpec,
inout EndPoint host_A, in string<40> coreName)
raises(Reject);
// handoff setup from the current base station to the network, called by mobile
void handoffSetup(inout QOSSpecList qosSpec,inout SourceList,
srcnamelist, inout EndPointList destlist)
raises(Reject);
// refresh a soft-state connection group through the current
// base station to the network
void refreshCG(in Direction dir)
raises(Reject);
};
programmable networks
Media scaling during handoff
QRP
RAP
COS
programmable networks
Inter domain handoff and adaptive error control
New QRP
RAP
COS
programmable networks
RAP
COS
programmable networks
Mobiware testbed
connection
Manager
handoffSetup()
refreshCG()
connSetup()
refreshCG()
locateCOS()
locateQRP()
locateRAP()
routeServer
nodeServer
nodeServer
virtualBS
virtualBS
handoff Initiation()
virtualMD
programmable networks
Implementation
• ATM network with Fore, NEC, ATML and
Scorpio switches
• air interface: WaveLAN with prog device API
• mobile device: laptop (Windows NT), initiate
handoff based on signal strength and QOS
• base station: PC (Windows NT), send beacons
• data : WaveLAN MAC <-> AAL5 <-> ATM
• signalling : xbind <-> Corba <-> IP <-> ATM
• location management : OrbixName
programmable networks
Adaptive network service
Media Selector Filter
Media Selector with hand-off
programmable networks
Media scaling ATO
Dynamic Rate Shaping Filter
“drs” at 300 Kbits/sec
“drs” at 200 Kbits/sec
programmable networks
DCT dropping
Dynamic Rate Shaping Filter
The effect of “drs” on picture size (Kbytes)
programmable networks
Active filters
programmable networks
Some handoff results
–
–
–
–
handoff delay
soft-state refresh delay
per node soft-state teardown delay
hard-state teardown delay
per-node
soft-state
teardown
hard-state
teardown
measured delay
handoff
soft-state
refresh
mean (msec)
153
18
12
132
95 percentile
confidence interval
(125 , 181)
(16 , 20)
(10 , 15)
(129 , 158)
Publications and Software
programmable networks
publications
– xbind
• http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/xbind/
• Lazar, A.A., Lim, K.S. and Marconcini, F., ``Realizing a Foundation for
Programmability of ATM Networks with the Binding Architecture,'' IEEE Journal
on Selected Areas in Communications, Special Issue on Distributed Multimedia
Systems,
– mobiware
• http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/wireless/
• Campbell A.T., "Mobiware: QOS-Aware Middleware for Mobile Multimedia
Networking,” Proc. IFIP 7th International Conference on High Performance
Networking, White Plains, New York, April 1997
• software
–
http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/software/
programmable networks
OPENSIG and IEEE OPENARCH’98
• Network programmability forums
– OPENSIG on open signaling for ATM, Internet
and mobile networks, San Francisco, CA, April 3-4,
1998 October 6-7, 1997,
• http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/openarch
– IEEE OPENARCH’98 on Open Architecture and
Network Programmability, April
• http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/openarch
Concluding remarks
programmable networks
• Programmable networks will revolutionize
– the way new network services are offered
• Conservative approach is more acceptable
– to telecommunications industry but still seen as
radical departure
• Extreme programming
– (i.e., capsule-based) provides the most flexible but
lacks application
• Programmable mobile networking
• Content-based networking