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Tour III : e-Business Infrastructure E. Widodo e- 2 Objectives • Outline hardware and software related to ebusiness • Understand the “net” • Know the practical risk in managing e-business infrastructure e- Contents 3 • • • • • e- The “net” Internet standards Managing e-Business infrastructure EDI The future 4 e- Overview • e-B infrastructure: H/W, S/W & its architecture necessary to achieve electronic information exchange within an organization or with its partners. • Coverage: – Technical infrastructure • Net • How this work – Communication standard: TCP/IP, EDI – Publishing standard: HTML, XML – Management issue • Hosting • Staff access • How does it means? (service level x – New technology: m-Commerce 5 The “net” • Internet: physical network that link computers across the globe which consists of infrastructure of network servers and communication links between them that are used to hold and transport information between client PCs and web servers. • Client/server: client computers such as PCs, sharing resources such as database stored on a more powerful computer. • Internet service provider: a server providing home or business users with a connection to access the internet or web-based applications. • Backbone: high-speed communication links used to enable internet communications across a country or even a regional area. e- 6 e- The “net” components Internet as a part of info dissemination (Kampas, 2000) 7 Stage e- Technology Icon & impact Documentation 3500BC to 1542 The usage of clay tablet in Mesopotamia & written language Taxes, laws, accounting giving rise to the development of civilization & commerce Mass publication 1452 to 1946 The Gutenburg press of moveable metal type Religious & scientific texts resulting in scientific advance & ideological conflict Automation 1946 to 1978 Electric power & switching technology (vacuum tube & transistor) Code breaking & scientific calculation, start of information age Mass interaction 1978 to 1985 Microprocessor & PC Spreadsheet & word processing Infrastructuralization 1985 to 1993 Local & wide area network, graphical user interface E-mail and enterprise resource planning Mass communication 1993 to now Internet, WWW, Java Mass information access for transaction 8 e- Internet timelines 9 e- Intranet & extranet 10 e- Intranet & extranet applications • Intranet is used extensively to support sell-side ecommerce from within the marketing function. – Ex: info for customers, staff dir., system procedure, bulletin, training courses – Advantages: • Reduce cost through higher productivity • Better customer service • Distribution of information through remote office • Extranet is used extensively to support SCM as resources are ordered from suppliers and transformed into products and service delivered to customers. – Middleware: S/W used to enable different applications on intranet to communicate – Enterprise Application Integration (EAI): S/W used to facilitate communication between business applications including data transfer & control 11 Firewall • Firewall: a specialized S/W mounted on server to prevent an unauthorized access. e- 12 e- www • World wide web: common technique for publishing information on the internet, accessed through web browser which display web pages pf embedded graphics and HTML/XML encoded text. • Hyperlink: method of moving between one website page and another, indicated to the user by an image or text highlighted by underlining and/or different color. • Web browser: interfaces provide an easy method to access and view information stored as web document on different servers. • Web server: computer to store and present the web pages accessed by web browsers. • Static web pages: pages on the web server that is invariant. • Dynamic web pages: pages that are created in real-time, often with reference to a database query, in response to a user request. 13 e- Information exchange 14 Pop internet applications • e-Mail: sending messages or documents via mail server between individuals. • Internet Relay Chat: a synchronous communication tool which allows a text-based ‘chat’ between different users who are logged on at the same time. • Usenet newsgroups: e-Bulletin board used to discuss a particular topic , accessed by special newsreader software. • FTP: file transfer protocol as a standard for moving files across internet OR a standard to upload and download files to and from web servers. (Generally used to update HTML files on web pages) • Telnet: Remote access to computer system. (Ex: retailer could check whether an item was in stock) e- 15 Internet standards • TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol: is a transport layer protocol that moves data between applications – Internet Protocol: is a network layer protocol that moves data between host computers. e- 16 e- Internet standards • IP address: unique numerical address of a computer which connected to the internet. • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): standard which define the way information is transmitted across the internet between web browser and web server. • URL (Universal Resource Locator): a web address used to locate a web page on a web server. • Domain name: reference for the name of a web server and is usually selected be the identification of an organization. • Web content: design, text, graphical information which form a web page. • HTML: a standard format used to define the text and layout of a web page. (with extension .html or .htm • XML: a standard to transfer structured data, unlike HTML which is purely presentational 17 e- Example of HTML 18 • • Managing e-Business infrastructure Perspectives: – Technology infrastructure: server, client & network – Application infrastructure: software provision (ex: search engine, digital money, security system) Four layer model in Technology infrastructure (Kampas, 1998): I. Application Layer II. System S/W Layer III. Network Layer e- IV. Storage Layer E-Business service, ex: CRM, SCM, Data Mining, etc. Web server S/W, browser, network S/W Physical network & transport standard Internal or external storage 19 e- Application infrastructure 20 Application infrastructure Integrated process e- 21 e- Differing use of applications 22 e- Elements of e-Business to manage Key management issues 23 e- Issue Detail Which type of e-business application do we develop? Example: e-Procurement, secure online ordering, e-CRM Which technology is needed? Example: e-mail, web-based ordering, EDI How do we achieve quality of service in application? Requirements: business fit, security, speed, availability and errors Where do we make it happen? Internal or external sourcing & hosting Application integration Integration of e-Business solution with legacy system, partner system & intermediary Which access platforms do we support? Mobile access, interactive digital TV 24 EDI • Electronic Data Interchange: exchange using digital media of structured business information, particularly for sales transactions such as purchase orders and invoices between buyers and sellers. e- 25 Mobile access device • MAD (Wireless device): PDA, laptop, cell phone – Characteristics: ubiquity (reach ability), convenience, plus security • WAP (Wireless Application Protocol): technical standard for transferring information to wireless devices • WML (Wireless Markup Language): technical standard for displaying mobile pages transferred by WAP • GPRS (General Package Radio Service): GSM (Global System for Mobile communication)-based connection scheme which offer faster communication speed that its origin • 3G: Third generation of communication scheme which offers sound and images transmitting simultaneously e- 26 e- Instruments for WAP system 27 e- Interactive digital TV system 28 The future ? e- 3rd week souvenir 29 Task 1: In case of hosting your e-B or e-C system, what are your considerations? Explore in more detail! Alternative Group Task Theme: Create a new online business in your group preference. Do a little feasibility study! Analyze its management issues! e-