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Packet Backhaul 2010 The 2010 Opportunity For Backhaul Wholesalers Thursday, February 4, 2010 Moderated by Jim Hodges Senior Analyst Agenda • Business Opportunities & Challenges for Backhaul Wholesalers • Backhaul Network Transition Strategies Our Panelists • Ralph Santitoro Director of Carrier Ethernet Market Development Fujitsu • Jon Baldry Technical Marketing Manager Transmode Mobile Backhaul: A Tale of Two Entities • Mobile backhaul involves a Wireless Provider and a Backhaul Provider • Even if one parent company owns both parts • Money/services exchanged between the two entities (separate P&Ls) • Two network deployments • Two sets of network and operational requirements Mobile Switching Center Cell Site Backhaul Network BTS NodeB eNodeB BSC RNC S-GW Wireless Provider BTS NodeB eNodeB Cell Site CE Service Layer Transport Layer Backhaul Provider CE BSC RNC S-GW Mobile Switching Center Challenges Facing Wireless Operators • Data rate grows with 3G and beyond, but revenue doesn’t • Flat-rate data plans • Network operations • How do you ensure uninterrupted service to millions of subscribers? • Backhaul networks must be ultra available with predictable QoS • What if LTE ubiquity makes it the “mobile WiFi”? • Integrated into wide range of devices; applications run “in the cloud” • 3G radios now built into eBook readers, e.g., Amazon Kindle • Years to upgrade to new backhaul technologies • 2G, 3G, and 4G at same cell sites for years to come • Tremendous pressure to make right choice to achieve ROI objectives Many business issues affect backhaul technology selection Critical Factors Affecting Third Party Wholesalers’ Success • Ability to retrain network operations personnel for Ethernet • Current Sonet/SDH engineering staff needs to learn Ethernet • Having a flexible backhaul network architecture to address current and emerging wireless services • Today T1s/E1s – tomorrow Ethernet • Need a good transition plan • Ability to make acceptable ROI to meet margin objectives • Three-year service contracts with wireless operators • Ability to address wireless operators’ stringent SLAs over an Ethernet (packet) network • • • • 5ms latency 1ms jitter 3x10-7 loss 5x9s availability The following statements should be considered as debating points. They do not necessarily represent the opinions – either wholly or partially – of Heavy Reading or of any one panelist. “Third-party backhaul wholesalers cannot guarantee the same level of SLA performance as incumbents.” “Wholesalers face challenges in setting up administration and control mechanisms.” “Incumbent backhaul providers have proven they can support large-scale deployments.” Mobile Backhaul Migration: On the Road to Ethernet • 2G traffic growth small so T1/E1 MRC essentially flat • What to do with high-growth 3G traffic? • Some base stations will be upgraded to Ethernet • Add Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE) Bandwidth • Compelling case to keep 2G traffic on TDM 3G/4G Data Voice + 2G Data Time • If you have a Sonet/SDH infrastructure • COE over Sonet/SDH: Simplest to implement / maximal BW efficiency • Legacy, low-growth 2G services remain on TDM 2G BS 3G BS 4G BS T1s/E1s (TDM) T1s/E1s Ethernet Ethernet Sonet/SDH COE over Sonet/SDH COE over Fiber Mobile Switching Center Backhaul providers must deploy a solution that evolves with the wireless operator’s evolving network longer recurring revenue Attributes Of Connection-Oriented Ethernet Standardized Services • MEF 6.1 Service Definitions • MEF 10.2 Service Attributes Deterministic QoS Scalability • Lowest Delay, Delay Variation, Loss • Bandwidth Resource Reservation • Connection Admission Control • Layer 2 Aggregation • Statistical Multiplexing COE Reliability / Availability Ethernet OAM • 802.3ah Link Fault Management • Y.1731 Service Fault Management • G.8031 50ms EVC Protection • 802.3ad UNI & ENNI Protection Security • Bridging disabled-MAC DoS attacks mitigated • Completely Layer 2 - no IP vulnerabilities COE facilitates the migration from Sonet/SDH to Ethernet Mobile Broadband: In Search of Profitability • Mobile broadband still in build-out phase • 3G HSPA and EV-DO in 3rd/4th year of rollout • iPhone, BlackBerry & Android-based smartphones and new 3G devices • Generate significant new bandwidth demands • Operators investing for near-term subscriber acquisition • And long-term transformation of their business models • Mobile broadband (data) isn’t profitable (yet) • In 3G, voice and data still discrete network services • If costs allocated separately to voice and data, mobile broadband (data) isn’t profitable today • Mobile broadband driving majority of new network capex Mobile backhaul opex plays a key role in realigning profitability The following statements should be considered as debating points. They do not necessarily represent the opinions – either wholly or partially – of Heavy Reading or of any one panelist. “Changes in the broadband economics model will have a greater impact on third-party wholesalers.” “In order to make wireless broadband profitable, costs must come down.” “Incumbent backhaul providers can absorb a squeeze on margins better than third-party wholesalers.” Cell tower MSC Evolution From Sonet/SDH To Ethernet PMO: Sonet/SDH MSPP Sonet/SDH TDM T1s/E1s EoS Ethernet 2G/3G FMO Step 1: Add PONP using COE over Sonet/SDH to increase bandwidth efficiency Packet Optical Networking Sonet/SDH TDM T1s/E1s COE Ethernet 2G/3G 3G/LTE FMO Step 2: Begin Migration to Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) network Existing services unaffected Packet Optical Networking Sonet/SDH TDM T1s/E1s EoF COE Ethernet 2G/3G 3G/LTE Packet-optical networking platforms with COE facilitate MBH network migration of multi-generation 2G/3G/LTE services Meeting MBH Networks’ High-Availability Requirements • Link Protection using IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation • For local diversity and protection at cell tower and MSC UNIs and NNIs • LAGs across different cards in a network element • In-Service Software Upgrades • Network continues to operate as new software is tested and deployed • Equipment Protection • Redundant switch fabric, control processors, etc. • Service/Network Protection of Ethernet Virtual Connections (EVC) • EVC path diversity with sub-50ms path protection using ITU-T G.8031 • Similar to Sonet UPSR path protection (Working path and Protect path) • Dual-homed connections at the mobile switching center (MSC) Bottom Line: No single point of failure Mobile Backhaul Deployments: Overlay vs. Integrated 2G, 3G, 4G Nx 3G E1/T1 leased lines Nx 2G E1/T1 leased lines BSC RNC aGW SDH/Sonet HSPA Data offload 2G, 3G Remote cell site 2G, 3G, 4G LTE Ethernet (Best effort?) Ethernet (Carrier QoS?) LTE GW • Overlay model: • Pre-LTE (2G/3G) and LTE backhaul managed as separate networks • Avoids technical issues such E1/T1 packetization and E1/T1 synchronization • Capex is driven by parallel networks, and opex is a challenge • Integrated model: • Pre-LTE and LTE backhaul managed a combined network • Technical considerations such E1/T1 and Ethernet synchronization options • Options to cost reduce backhaul capex with varying degrees of complexity (opex) Network Synchronization Challenges: Backhaul Over Fiber Mbit/s time Source: Heavy Reading’s “Ethernet Backhaul Quarterly Tracker” July 2009 • • • • More fibered-up cell sites, more capacity per site Fiber assets often owned by third-party wholesalers Excellent opportunities for wholesalers with the right fiber plant Drives the requirement for multiple synchronization domains – different operators and different wireless technologies – support for legacy E1/T1 and Ethernet Multiservice Mobile Backhaul Physical fiber 2G, 3G, 4G 2G, 3G, 4G 2G, 3G, 4G Wavelength n Wavelength n+1 4x individually synchronized TDM groups 4x individually synchronized Ethernet signals Multiple technologies and multiple operators all delivered within a single wavelength BSC RNC Additional wavelengths only required if additional capacity required Hub node DSLAM Backhaul node Access node 2G, 3G, 4G 2G, 3G, 4G 2G, 3G 2G, 3G, 4G Backhaul node Hub node Remote cell site Access node aGW Backhaul node Concentration Hub (Site) With Multi-Operator/Technology Uniquely supporting wholesale solutions for mobile backhaul Concentration hubs BSC RNC aGW Operator 1 LTE Operator 1 3G Operator 2 3G Access node Hub node Access node Backhaul node Operator 1 3G Operator 2 3G Operator 3 LTE Microwave link E1/T1 Ethernet Fiber LTE Migration Path: Legacy to Hybrid 1. Supporting legacy connectivity, synchronization, and OAM 2. Supporting simultaneous native TDM and Ethernet for mobile services and also fixed-line capabilities in the access Supporting native TDM and Ethernet with multiple synchronized domains BSC RNC aGW 3. Transparent Ethernet connectivity to/from core routers/switches 2G, 3G, 4G 2G, 3G, 4G 2G, 3G, 4G Hub node SDH/SONET SDH/Sonet DSLAM Access node Ethernet DSLAM 4. Supporting distributed LTE core architecture (aligned with fixed) LTE GW E1/T1 Ethernet Fiber LTE Migration Path: Hybrid to All-IP 1. Access solution to fully support an all-IP architecture (option of supporting legacy with CES) BSC RNC aGW 2G, 3G, 4G 2G, 3G, 4G 2G, 3G, 4G Hub node SDH/SONET DSLAM TDM Access node Ethernet LTE GW Ethernet / IP-MPLS DSLAM E1/T1 2. Deployable on a per-end-customer (mobile operator) basis Ethernet Fiber LTE With Centralized Core 1. Supporting a centralized core architecture for both hybrid and all-IP networks BSC RNC 2G, 3G, 4G 2G, 3G, 4G 2G, 3G, 4G aGW DSLAM SDH/SONET Hub node Access node Ethernet / IP-MPLS 2G, 3G, 4G 2G, 3G, 4G 2G, 3G, 4G Backhaul node Hub node Access node DSLAM 2. Simplified LTE network for mobile operator with further backhaul opportunities for the wholesale carrier E1/T1 Fiber The following statements should be considered as debating points. They do not necessarily represent the opinions – either wholly or partially – of Heavy Reading or of any one panelist. “Third-party wholesalers are making some early inroads, but it’s a matter of time before the incumbent providers get going and out-scale them.” “Aggressive fiber builds by these providers will be able to provide capacity to meet existing and future 4G requirements.” “What are the impacts of network sharing?” “A mix of TDM and Ethernet is a better match for incumbent providers.” “This is even more pronounced in emerging markets, since in these markets third-party wholesaling hasn’t really taken off.” Conclusion • Significant mobile backhaul revenue opportunities for third-party wholesale providers • Driven by wireless operators’ need to significantly reduce opex given the explosive growth of 3G/4G applications • Third-party wholesale providers must carefully select their mobile backhaul solutions • Need flexible packet optical networking with connection-oriented Ethernet to support growing TDM and emerging Ethernet-based backhaul • Capacity growth drives unique challenges in mobile backhaul deployments • Capacity vs. cost = deeper fiber deployments • Opportunities for facility sharing brings better economics but adds further challenges, e.g., synchronization • Overall driving 2 dimensions of convergence: • Technology convergence – E1/T1 and Ethernet • Fixed and mobile backhaul convergence Q&A